正常洞調律を示した犬10例について,抱水クロラール麻酔下でエピネフリンを投与することにより実験的に心房細動を作出した。10例の総延べ実験回数は152回で,心房細動は7例において延べ9回発生した。心房細動の発生時に,随伴する不整脈として心室期外収縮,心室頻拍,心室補充調律などの心室由来の期外収縮が認められた。これらの所見は,心房細動の発生と心室由来の期外収縮との間に密接な関係のあることを示唆していた。

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The air embolism and the sodium pentbarbital injection via vena are the basic methods of euthanasia in the rabbit. The air embolism method was compared with the sodium pentbarbital injection method.
The air embolism method should not be used, because it tends to cause a time lag between the cardiac standstill and the signs of brain death (disappearance of light reflex, breathing, electric potential of EEG).
This study demonstrated the incompleteness of intravenous injection of air under anesthesia.

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A 30-month-old female Shetland sheepdog was referred to with a history of cardiac murmur, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. The electrocardiogram showed biatrial and biventricular enlargements. The phonocardiogram revealed holosystolic murmurs at the cardiac apex and crescendo-decrescendo ejectional murmurs at the aortic area. The thoracic radiography indicated an extreme enlargement of the left atrium and mild enlargement of the left and right ventricles. The cross sectional echocardiography showed a subaortic stenosis and a mitral valve prolapse in the long axis view of the right side, and suggested the perimembranous ventricular septal defect(VSD) in the four chamber view. Severe subaortic stenosis was demonstrated with a systolic pressure gradient which was estimated by means of cardiac catheterization to be 100 mmHg at the obstruction. Moreover, mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation and VSD were detected.
The dog died 7 months after the first medical examination. At autopsy, there were huge left atrium, severe subaortic stenosis and small perimembronous VSD. Furthermore, atrioventricular valve abnormalities were recognized as mitral cleft and septal insertion of the anterior mitral leaflet. We considered that these mitral valve abnormalities were associated with atrioventricular septal defect.

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1) PDAの矯正術時,動脈管の仮結紮によって著明に動脈圧が上昇した症例に遭遇した。この症例では著しい高血圧のために,徐脈と心室性不整脈が発現した。2) この症例に対して血管拡張剤であるアセプロマジンと利尿剤であるフロセミドを用いて血圧の降下処置を行った。再び動脈管を仮結紮した直後は著しい高血圧を示したが,約10分後に動脈圧は正常域に復帰した。また徐脈,および心室性不整脈は認められなかった。3)以上のことから,動脈管の結紮時に著明な高血圧を示す症例では,薬理学的な補助療法を併用することにより,より安全にPDAの手術を実施できると思われる。

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