Bulletin of Japanese Society for the Science of Design

Geometical Optical Illusions Generated by Helmholtz Squares

Tohru Yoshioka, Shigeru Ichihara, Norifumi Susami

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
Published: May 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11247/jssdj.40.1_1

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If we look at two patterns of identical size, one made up of vertical stripes and the other of horizontal, the former will appear wider than it really is, while the latter will appear taller. This known as the Helmholtz Square Illusion, and can be consider one example of the illusion of sectioned distance. In the present investigation, striped patterns were used to investigate the effect of both the spatial frequency and black/white duty of stripes upon the Helmholtz Square Illusion. The striped stimuli in this study were shown upon a CRT, and the experiment as a whole was under the control of an computer. Combinations of the four spatial frequency factors, three duty factors, and two stripe-orientation factors used in the experiment resulted in a total of 4×3×2=24 different stimuli. The experiment confirmed that horizontally-striped squares appeared taller, and vertically-striped squares appeared wider. 'A spatial frequency of 2 c/deg produced the greatest degree of illusion in horizontally-striped squares, while a spatial frequency of 0.5 c/deg produced the greatest degree of illusion in vertically-striped squares 0.5 c/deg. A decrease in the white component of the duty produced some lessening of the degree of illusion, but this was not of a significant level.

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Features and a Structure of Design Guidelines in Canada Approaches and Evaluations of Design Control in Landscape planning I

Nami Magami

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 5-12
Published: May 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11247/jssdj.40.5

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This research paper amis to determine the criteria of objectives which were found in various design guidelines in Canada. Guidelines are often used in order to create characterized atmosphere in designate areas such as resorts. It may be important to state what kind of objectives would be useful for defining areas in terms of making use of its' original character. I began by examining design guidelines regarding administrative strategy followed by consideration of objectives found in nine examples. There are two types of items : general and concrete objectives. Moreover, architectural oriented and environmental objectives are seen among concrete objectives. Concrete objectives had been evaluated by the investigation of present conditions. It became clear that there are four types of design guidelines : wholly and architectural oriented, wholly and environmental oriented, partly and architectural oriented, partly and environmental oriented, depending on the tendency in appearance of concrete objectives. In addition, there result is connected to physical environmental characteristics as well.

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Ideal Content of Sculpture in Public Spaces : Significance for Existence and Characteristics of Sculptures in pubic Spaces 2

Naoki Takeda

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: May 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11247/jssdj.40.13

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An artistic sculpture being installed public spaces has a characteristic which is a weak relationship between its significance for existence and its content. The characteristic is a factor which citizens can not recognize significance for existence of a sculpture. On this report we considered the content of a sculpture based on the characteristic. We classified significance for existence of an artistic sculpture into 1) aiming at a fine formation of a landscape, 2) aiming at expressing characteristic of a region, 3) aiming at encouraging culture. And I dealt with the relationship between the significance for existence and the content of a sculpture while giving examples which have the concrete relationships for each class. It is possible to be formed relationship between the significance for existence and the content of a sculpture for all classes. But it is important to consider a relationship between the content of a sculpture and its place and utilizing a process of fixing the content of a sculpture.

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Structural Analysis of Image for Materials

Fumio Terauchi, Hiroyuki Aoki, Toshimasa Ohgama, Mitsunori Kubo, Tsuto ...

Article type: Article
1993 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: May 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11247/jssdj.40.19_1

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Image for eleven meterials were investigated by two types of structural models; structural model by the ISM method, 2-Dimentional structural model by the DEMATEL method. The ISM-based model explains the process of association of images visually, and the material images were classified into the following three categories; (1) sensorial and emotional items, (2) functional items, and (3) both sensorial and functional items. The characteristic image of each material became clear by the DEMATEL-based model. Those were classified into three categories; (1) image conversing to an item, (2) image spreading from an item, and (3) a mixture of (1) and (2). Using those models together, material images can be understood easily, and it is clear that image for materials were classified into natural organic materials, natural inorganic materials, synthetic materials, and the others.

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