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Volume 47 (2000)
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Volume 47, Issue 6
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Eizo Okada, Fumio Terauchi, Mitsunori Kubo, Hiroyuki AokiArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 1-8
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the social background that had given influence to the development of Japanese chairs, and their development processes were investigated. Scope of study was the patents of chair design started from Meiji era until early Showa era (1885-1950). Firstly, 133 patents were gathered and the respective description of quality was extracted. Then, Quantification Theory Type III and Cluster Analysis were employed to classify the descriptions. As of the results, the following 3 categories of patents were obtained; the improvement in basic function of chair; the compatibility with the other functions; the combinations of several kinds of mechanism. Thirdly, with focus on the improvement of basic functions of chairs, the social background at the time each design was patented was studied. The result indicates that the improvements of chair reflected the concern over the health issue of schoolchildren by standardizing the measurements of chairs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1270K) -
Eizo Okada, Fumio Terauchi, Mitsunori Kubo, Hiroyuki AokiArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 9-16
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate how the height adjustment mechanism for school chair developed after the mid-Meiji era, became popularly used in the office chair as 'FK-style' mechanism. Various patents on the height adjustment mechanism between the mid-Meiji era and the beginning of Showa era were gathered for study. Firstly, the survey of designs prior to 'Iwaoka-style', the original idea where 'FK-style' was based on, was conducted. Then, the development process of 'Iwaoka-style' was looked into. Finally, the development process of 'FK-style' was studied. As of the results, it was clear that 'Iwaoka-style' was devised to improve the 'slide-single' system that was developed earlier. It indicates also that the use of cast iron as the structural parts in 'Iwaoka-style' was the key factor to the participation of iron processing industry in the chair-making process. Furthermore, the contribution of iron processing industry to the development of 'FK-style' was ascertained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1235K) -
Eizo Okada, Fumio Terauchi, Mitsunori Kubo, Hiroyuki AokiArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 17-26
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAuthors had investigated the process from the formation of concept of Japanese chair to the development of the height adjustment chair made of metal. Based on the result of this historical investigaion, general knowledge about the interdependent relationship between the material technology and concept of tools was obtained theoretically. Firstly, evaluation was carried out to determine whether theory of organizational knowledge creation could be applied to the process. As of the result, it is suggested that the process was developed in hierarchical structure that consists of 4 knowledge transformation models. Secondly, dynamic composition of the social knowledge creation was obtained based on the theory. Then the relationship between the technology of metal processing and the concept of chair was investigated. Finally, the interdependent relationship was schematized as the synergistic process, that depicted the process from the occurrence of contradiction to the generation of the new interdependent relationship.View full abstractDownload PDF (1460K) -
Takashi NagataArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 27-30
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper compares three techniques for definition of depth in perspective drawing. It is conventionally taught and practiced projection-based drawing system to represent three-dimensional space is; however, it has also been realised about its laborious and complexity. Additionally, it will not be utiliused effectively once natural interest and enthusiasm involved in the accuracy of three-dimensional representation. The most serious problem in the conventional technique is that it is far removed from the draughtsman's normal spatial perception and cognition. To solve this problem the previous report (1979) proposed an alternative method to define depth in spatial representation. In comparing three techniques including the one proposed, it was found that spontaneity and perceptual intimacy are trade-offs against projection-based strategies and projection clarity. This paper deals also with an extension of the proposal; that is, the loci of an area for its acceptance are computed and demonstrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Nobuhide Suzuki, Yoshiaki Kudo, Satoshi MiyauchiArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 31-40
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study investigated the Japanese drums in the Kurayami festival at the Ohkunitama shrine in Fuchu city, Tokyo and examined the character and carriage of the drums, the performance method and the role of the drums. The Osakibarai drums have become progressively larger, because the festival organizing committee was divided in to four groups, thus began the rivalry. The basic function of the drum is to announce the festivities and performs the social role of a symbol of the local community. Moreover, the sound of the drums symbolically purifies the route of the portable shrine. Currently the drums have become part of the culture for the following reasons. The drum uses natural materials and is a refinement of the beauty of Japanese traditional craft. The problem of the drums' size and weight are solved by putting brakes on the wagon and using cranes to lift the drums. A new way of playing the drums with its powerful and simple sound has been created.View full abstractDownload PDF (2047K) -
Nobuhide Suzuki, Yoshiaki Kudo, Satoshi MiyauchiArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 41-50
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study investigated the Japanese drums in the Big Drum festival at the Tsuzureko shrine in Takanosu, Akita and examined the character and carriage of the drums, the performance method and the role of the drums. The Japanese drums have become progressively larger, because in the Edo era, the festival organizing committee was divided in to two groups, thus began the rivalry for the largest drum at the beginning of the Meiji period. The drum performs the social role of a symbol of the local community. Currently the drums have become part of the culture for the following reasons. The town has succeeded to the folk entertainment. On one hand, a new performance style established the drums' fame as a big drum. The drum uses natural materials such as cowhide, wooden barrel and hemp rope and is a refinement of the beauty. Putting brakes on the wagon and using cranes to lift the drums solve the problem of the drums' size and weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (2554K) -
Hisaaki ItoiArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 51-60
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper aims at clarifying the difference of strategy, by industry, for design patent management among Japanese manufactures, by analyzing and examining the manufactures responses to a questionnaire prepared by the author. The study makes clear the basic thinking and strategic differences about design patent management in eight manufacturing industries, as summarized below : 1.Three industries-electric appliances, transportations and precision instruments-show keen interest in design patent management. 2.Electric appliance industry, however, is divided into two extreme opposite results with one which regards patent management as an essential business element and with another which does not. 3.Machinery industry, as known as a typical of heavy industry appears to be interested in engineering aspects rather than in patent management. 4.Textile industry apparently seems to be not always important of patent management. Three manufactures among construction and ceramic industries responded with three different answers, showing that there is not much of an industrial trait.View full abstractDownload PDF (2156K) -
Yasuko SugaArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 61-70
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe British Institute of Industrial Art (BIIA) was the first state organization specifically set to deal with matters on industrial design. This article examines its activities and discusses where and how this neglected institution fits in the British design history. The focus of the themes of exhibitions held by the BIIA changed toward the more industrial art-oriented. Its idea of industrial art became increasingly sophisticated in the 1920s. It was due not only to the Design and Industries Association with which the BIIA cooperated, but because the BlIA gave attention to standardization. It contributed to standardizing designs of telephone boxes and road signs through joint effort with other governmental Departments. It was disbanded in 1933,but its ideas survived in the new organizations such as Council for Art and Industry. The BIIA's activities are significant when considering state intervention in design.View full abstractDownload PDF (2139K) -
Kenichi Kumamaru, Rei Takanashi, Norihiko MoriArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 71-80
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to give a new design planning method. Considering of practical use, it is needed to answer user's diversified preference with as few new products as possible. Proposed design planning method introduces attribute reduct in rough set theory. For the purpose of being sure to answer to user's point of view for preference, several reducts are combined. We attain some kind of sets consisting of two combined reducts. Each combined reduct consists of some reducts of form attributes of 18 cars prefered by 7 subjects. Idea sketches are drawn satisfying these each combined reducts respectively. Form attributes which are not included in any combined reducts are at a designer's disposal in the sketch, but in case that any one of those form attributes agree with any reduct of not-prefered car, another sketch is tried.View full abstractDownload PDF (1168K) -
Seung-il Choi, Yoshitsugu MoritaArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 81-90
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA survey regarding damaged conditions of elements (lighting for cars and a pedestrian, traffic lignt, sign, fence, bollard) on three main streets in a city and opinion collection regarding maintenance and management of elements have been conducted and analyzed. The results have shown that types of damages are different from location to location of elements and street structures, land utilization and traffic amount are major factors of this phenomenon. It is essential as a designing project on installation of elements, to develop a new elements considering handling the maintenance and management and to establish maintenance and management systems to possibly deal with damage of various elements. One of useful ways to solve design problems with element installation is to develope elements regarding maintenance management and to establish the maintenance system between makers and management.View full abstractDownload PDF (1992K) -
Yoshio TaniArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages 91-100
Published: March 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 21, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn archetypical pattern of today's woodwork is found in the works of James Krenov, David Pye, John Makepeace and Wendell Castle. Importance of the true amateur in workmanship is emphasised in the writings of Krenov and Pye. What matters to them is not the originality of form, but the deep qualitative difference of crafted objects in our age of industrial production. This thinking is very much encouraged by their love for wood and its subtle qualities. Both Krenov's and Pye's works as a teacher and writer as well as a maker resulted in a crucial development of modern woodwork. Makepeace and Castle represent contrasting ideas, and an aversion to formal stasis is apparent in their dynamism. Contemporary woodwork in Britain and America, when exemplified by these four well known woodworkers, shows two contrasting paths along which diverse developments might be juxtaposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2295K)
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