Visioning is proposed as a promising approach of idea generation. This research aims to understand the cognitive process of visioning based on theories on imagination discussed in creative cognition research. The author drew several findings from 13 case studies. First, visioning can contribute to innovative idea generation through the process consisting of two steps of imagination, namely, imagination of a vision and imagination of a product as a constituent of the vision, and trials of conceptual combinations at each step of imagination. Second, innovativeness of a product idea is assumed to depend mainly on (1) a vision selected during the imagination of a product, (2) a certain object that a manager finds hopeful, especially when it is drawn from external sources, and (3) a future state, especially with regard to a market rather than a firm, selected during the imagination of a vision.

The purpose of this paper is to review the actual condition of Japanese community currencies (CCs)through a nationwide questionnaire survey targeting the operators of CCs. The results are as follow: (1) Recent CCs of Japan have transcended the traditional concept and have become established in various forms. On the other hand, many of them are merely tools of promoting regional economies that derived under the market economy. (2) Based on the perspective of endogenous development theory, these CCs can be categorized into five types. (3) "community collaboration internal type" CC gives a possibility of regaining the "consumer=sei-katsu-sha" form of life. (4) The citizens' group operating this type of CC actively implement various events & projects – thereby facilitating the re-identification and utilization of resources that have potential in the region. In addition, it contributes to create a new network within the region.

The objective of this study is to clarify the realities about creative class from both sides of life and work focus on urban life in Japan.
We grasped the characteristics of creative class occupation in order to clarify the realities of the creative class in Japan. Next, we set 240 categories of 29 items related to life and work, compared each class. In addition, we set questions about evaluation and importance in life and work, extracted latent factors in importance.
In the Super Creative Core occupation, the information processing and communication technicians are highest. And in the Creative Professionals occupation, the corporate and organization management staff are the highest. We set indications about lifestyle such as attribute, annual income and work place, architecture of home and office, living environment, work environment, means, and hobbies. Then we grasped the characteristics of each class. By latent factors in importance, we extracted first factor "comfort", second factor "collaboration", and third factor "quality".

This study verifies the effect of the integrated learning program "Reconstruction Ema Project" on the mind care of children stricken by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Four main findings were obtained from this study. 1) "Expression of wish" was positively answered by more than 80% of the children. Particularly, "Enjoyment of learning" was positively answered by more than 90% of the children. 2) Children watched the Reconstruction Ema they created after which they received impressions. From this, the children noticed that their wishes were diverse. 3) Favorable acceptance and developing spread of activities were seen as a result of to show the children's wishes to the community. However, this needs an improvement with regard to the information dissemination via website. 4) A passive mind such as "trouble and anxiety" experienced by children before class was transformed into a positive mind such as "fun and good" experienced after class.

Visual information, such as complexion and texture, is indispensable for smooth social communication, and using make-up—which can influence this information—is becoming increasingly important in modern society. Many studies have examined the psychophysical features of the face that contribute to human impression formation. Here, we investigate the effect of visual information related to the forehead, eyes, and cheek on BIHAKU – a term for beautiful skin in East Asian countries. Our psychophysical experiments showed that the BIHAKU of the whole face is determined not by the visual information of a dominant part of face, but by the combined information conveyed by these three parts. This result remained unchanged regardless of the facial tone area, participants' interest in make-up, and ‘noise’ on face, indicating that BIHAKU is a constant facial feature.

In recent years, local corporation partnership activities for social and community contributions by students, have been increasing. Most of previous reports of those activities were focused and considered the effects of the activities by researchers or facility members who have not participated in the partnership activities. Though it is necessary for participants not only the results of the activities but also what they gain experiences of achievement, confidence, and skills so on through the activities, there are few previous research and reports focused on these experiences. This research approached and focused on the subject of “Advanced Seminar in PBL” in Nagaoka Institute of Design Graduate School that I joined as a participant and analyzed the process of the changes in reflection effect from the participant’s memories and impressions of the subject.