This study focused on wood turning green-wood (freshly felled) hardwoods commonly found in the "satoyama" area. Specimens were prepared from green-wood of 14 tree species through wood lathe machining, and deformation after drying was measured by 3D scanner and 3DCAD. The obtained data was compiled into a table of cross-section diagrams and deformation data points to clarify the deformation characteristics based on species and fiber orientation. The results showed that all end-grain specimens containing the pith, regardless of species, had high roundness after drying, as well as elongated shape in the fiber direction. The side-grain specimens commonly showed elliptical distortion and reduced height after drying. Also, the deformation due to different processing direction, which was previously understood only empirically, was quantified. Comparing this data with known data further clarified the deformation characteristics of the tree species in this study, as well as elucidated the deformation characteristics of a previously unexplored tree species to enable determination of the shrinkage classification.

This paper aims to derive guidelines for designing services that promote long-term use in accordance with the growth and change of mental value, and clarifies the factors that cause the growth of mental values that occur with long-term use of services. Specifically, we first surveyed the experiences of long-term users of the services, conducted a cluster analysis of the value being generated for each of the three periods of use (shortterm, medium-term, and long-term), and proposed an experience value change model based on these results. It shows the process of change in the mental values of "calmness," "ease," "elevation," and "aspiration" which occur from the short term to the long term, and "attractiveness" which occur from the short term to the medium term, and the mental values of "self-esteem" which occur from the medium term, and "attachment" which occur over the long term. Furthermore, we found the main patterns of growth of mental values to "calmness," "elevation," "aspiration," and "attachment" over a long term.

The two types of reasoning phases of idea generation in design activities differ in the level of abstraction of the subject. To create new value and construct a concept by considering a wide range of means of realization, it is necessary to generate ideas at a higher level of abstraction. To gain insight into the differences between the two types of idea generation by designers, activation levels of the prefrontal cortex and autonomic nervous system were examined during two consecutive phases of idea generation, and the following conclusions regarding brain activation were reached: Brain activation was greater during the more abstract idea generation, Brain activation decreases during later tasks, The group that generated more ideas showed greater brain activation during the initial abstract idea generation. In addition, in two unrelated tasks, the group that generated more ideas showed greater brain activation in the first task, while the group that generated fewer ideas showed no difference in brain activation in the two tasks.

The 1960s was a period in which Conceptual art developed rapidly and numerous artworks based on letters and typographic symbols started appearing in European, North American and East Asian countries. Some artists, who have made an extensive use of words in their artworks, have developed their means of expression in the form of books called artists’ books. However, along the history of typography, which developed from letterpress printing and lithographic printing technology, the work of Conceptual artists have not usually received much attention. This tendency to ignore the very raison d'être of these artworks due to the so-called “reproduction technology" has influenced the divergence between Conceptual art and typography. In this article, I have first dealt with the definitions of terms Conceptual art and typography. Subsequently, I have analyzed the printed expressions in artists’ books created in the 60's and 70's from a typographic perspective and I have focused on the significance of artists’ books and book arts.

The purpose of this study was to understand the current status of design perceptions and practices among local government officials and to clarify the relationship between the perception of the complexity of policy issues and design. We conducted a questionnaire survey of them nationwide. The results showed that there was no difference in the level of recognition of design thinking among those who thought that policy issues were becoming more complex compared to those who did not think so. On the other hand, when we looked at individual design methods, we found that "backcasting" and "interviews/hearing surveys" were used more frequently, and in addition to these methods, the expectations for "persona", "prototyping", "living lab", and "nudge" methods were relatively high.

This study investigates the changes in discriminatory language within the "Reporter's Handbook," employing visualization analysis. Tracking the historical evolution of discriminatory language reveals the reflection of societal advancements, particularly in terms of gender equality consciousness, in the paraphrasing of such language. This shift not only reflects the progress of social justice and equality, but also demonstrates the significant transformation in media expression structure and the increasing societal attention to gender issues over time.
Furthermore, this study indicates the value of visualization analysis as a powerful method to gain an insight into discriminatory language's interaction with its social background. Through visualization analysis, it is possible to gain a more intuitive and deep understanding of how social and cultural practices impact discriminatory language. We believe that this visualization method will be widely adopted in future design practices, prompting discussions in society.

The purpose of this study is to derive design techniques for expressing the Rimpa aesthetic in modern industrial products. First, 227 descriptions of 56 representative Rimpa works were categorized into five expressive features, and the descriptions of each feature were organized by design technique.The relationship between these design techniques and craftsmanship is discussed.
As a result, the 〈simple〉are "simplified surface /symbolization / extreme / abbreviation,〈Breaking Tone〉are "novel composition /reconstruction / suggestion/ off standard," 〈Relativity〉are "contrast / synchronization / fusion of picture and text," 〈processing development〉 are "different blends/new materials / new manufacturing methods,”〈3D sense〉are "use of front and back / use of composition / use of procedures." The usefulness of the design method was suggested by the Smartphone UI prototyping as a case study.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of walking in outdoor facilities of geriatric health service facilities on residents with dementia and its relationship to design factors. To that end, we conducted a case study of walks conducted once a week from August to the following July by 20 residents with dementia in a specified geriatric health service facility. Specifically, we conducted field surveys of outdoor facilities, walking methods, walking observation surveys, and interview surveys with five nursing staff who oversaw the walks. The results identified three design factors that influenced smiles such as smiling expressions or smiles for residents with dementia and that influenced conversations between residents and nursing staff. Three walking implementation guidelines for utilizing these design factors were then identified.