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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Published: November 10, 1992
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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Masao Yamagishi
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
1-
Published: November 10, 1992
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Masaaki Tanaka
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
2-4
Published: November 10, 1992
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Eiichi Hino
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
5-6
Published: November 10, 1992
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Youihci Tamagaki, Michio Miyazaki, Sachie Minato
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
7-14
Published: November 10, 1992
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The HSV color model and the reflectance model are connected with each other to yield a color solid. The solid comprises shells of constant saturations minimum at the smallest spherical shell and maximum at the outer shell. It looks like an onion bulb cut off its upper peaked portion and its root. The top cut ends of shells are V-maximum color circles and the bottom cut ends are blacks of luminance 0. Luminance of the perfect diffuser in the same shape of the color solid whose tristimulus values of object-color stimuli are identified with the HSV to RGB transforms of V-maximum colors are calculated by the reflectance model assuming uniformly cloudy sky. As a result, luminance of H-constant lines on the shells is found to increase linearly from the bottom plate. Thus, the shaded image of the perfect diffusing solid conforms to the HSV color solid. It is applicable to color specification of 3 D CAD assuming uniformly cloudy sky.
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Akihiro Kinoshita
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
15-18
Published: November 10, 1992
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In this study, the computer design which can cope with the needs of clients was attempted by converting the creative images retrieved from data bases by image processing. In the retrieval from data bases, the adjective pairs made by the SD methods were put on X axis and Y axis, respectively. Among these, the images to be required were selected, and the analysis was carried out according to the chromaticity distribution and the CIE chromaticiy diagram. Further for these images, the monochromatic conversion, darkness variation, tone variation, sharpness effect and so on were carried out. As the results of these, it was able to select the images conforming to adjective pairs, to carry out the physical analysis of those images, and further by using an image conversion software, to make and offer the design images corresponding with the needs of clients. This study is characterized by the fact that it can cope with a series of computer processing in a lump, namely data bases and image analysis, and further image conversion.
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Yu-Ming Chang, Norihiko Mori, Takashi Nagata, Hisataka Noguchi
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
19-26
Published: November 10, 1992
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This paper concerns with a method of analysis and product planning, through the study on the consumer consciousness of passenger cars in Taiwan. Namely, consumer consciousness can be divided into the following three aspects; (a) the consumer' view of cognitive evaluation of cars, (b) the view of consumers' selection standard in cars, and (c) preference in cars. Through the analysis into each aspect and into the relationship between each aspect, the structure of the consumer consciousness was clearly accounted. First, the analysis of (a) and (b) using the method of leveling and grouping (based on variety between each sample), the common and distinctive consciousness of cars were extracted. Furthermore, the analysis in (c) using the method of Design of Experiment extracts the structure of preference such as ; [styling → engine type or brand name → the others]. Finally, for the application of these analyses, a new methodology for product planning was proposed.
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Shigeru Furuya, Norihiko Mori, Kazuo Sugiyama, Mitsuo Kamaike, Tetsuo ...
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
27-34
Published: November 10, 1992
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People can extract individual characteristics from faces which have almost the same location pattern. This study focuses on Brennam's method which involves considering each characteristic separately from average image (neutral) and drawing a portrait with exaggerations. To find out what characteristic is "neutral", caricatures were made with different degrees of exaggeration based on Japanese and American "neutral" , and a survey was carried out of judge which was "the spitting image" of a particular person. Various "neutral" were generated according to the people's categories, and also according to their experience. It was found that a caricature with an exaggeration rate of 0.5 looked most similar to a particular person. As we often see this exaggeration in busts and portraits, it can be surmised that the degree of exaggeration relates to an abstract degree of the expression. Furthermore, the possibility of an object's general features promoting recognition was indicated in the comparison with drawn caricatures.
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Hideki Takayama, Yasuyuki Kuga, Tetsuro Arakawa, Motoko Hihara
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
35-42
Published: November 10, 1992
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For the purpose of the standardization of pictograms for home security systems, a series of examinations have been carried out on the discrimination of pictograms. The results were as follows. 1) There exists negative correlationship between the correct answer ratio and the judgment time to show if the judgment of a pictogram is accurate and correct. 2) Learning effect is recognized in both cases of the correct answer ratio and the judgment time. But easy-to-discriminate shapes can be recognized the same way regardless of the learning experience. 3) Concerning the ability to discriminate the information, the student category was the highest followed by the housewife category, the children and the elderly. 4) Ranking of the designs of pictograms is determined by the symbol elements as main factors that show symbolic meanings. 5) Easy-to-discriminate shapes tend to be evaluated highly even in the ranking of designs. Based on the above, a methodology to select more appropriate pictograms is shown.
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Yu-Ming Chang, Norihiko Mori, Sumio Yamanaka
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
43-50
Published: November 10, 1992
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There have been many papers concerned with preference models using formative elements as defining variables. This paper proposes a preference model using concept of cognitive segment or segment union instead of formative elements as defining variables. After the study of the model, the following resulted: 1) A linear model is well constructed by using cognitive segment unions as defining variables for product preference, and the model will be adequate when the number of segment unions is from 10 to 20. 2) The relation of features on styling details and product preference is well inferred through the Canonical Correlation Analysis whose one side item group is replaced with sample group. This inference method may be useful for a guide to product design work.
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Toshio Mitsuhashi, Shiro Mochizuki, Kiyoshi Miyazaki, Minami Tanaka
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
51-58
Published: November 10, 1992
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On this study, properties of endogenous regional development are considered by using typological analysis. On analysing this subject, 150 of regional development instances are assembled and classified by idea and direction. Results are as follows ; (1)The properties of each regional development are described by 4 concepts ; spontaneity, totality, continuity, flexibility. (2)In case of endogenous regional development, especially these 4 properties are integrally and synthetically connoted. (3)These 4 concepts are also conform to which pointed in previous studies of endogenous region- al developments from 1970's. The typology on regional development which indicated through this study is expected to be a ruler to regional developments.
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Shunsuke Sasaki
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
59-66
Published: November 10, 1992
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A pentagram is wholly ruled by the golden proportion. This study is an attempt to make good use of the rhythms of golden proportion which are led by such a characteristic of the pentagram as a means of unifying element in design. In the present study I composed the Pentagram Grids that are developed by the pentagram as the unifying tools. Three types of grid were composed. The first one is the oblique grids made by the ±36° and ±72° oblique lines, and I named them the Grid O. Among them there are the Grid V_1 whic is developed into the rectangular grid taking out only the ±36° oblique lines, and the Grid V_2 which is a developed type of rectangular grid by ±72° oblique lines. There are some definite regularities of golden proportion in each grid, and they are arranged into the two forms of rhythm, 'gradation' and 'repetition.' And, by variously putting the units which compose grids together I found lots of patterns of these two forms of rhythm.
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Toshio Mitsuhashi, Masahisa Makita, Kiyoshi Miyazaki, Minami Tanaka
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
67-74
Published: November 10, 1992
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In this article, Cl (community identity) which based on endogenous planning is reported. As for a case study, Sanpoku town in Niigata prefecture is taken. In the 1 st step, research on present condition about Cl was made clear through following researches; survey on residents mind, collection of visual medias already used in town, collection of regional resources in town, collecting visual motif from residents. In the 2 nd step, 10 figures were sellected by residents from 30 figures which emerged from previous researches on this town properties. And, the verification on these 10 figures were made on residents and visitors. On the result, these 10 figures were concluded to satisfy the factor of which represent regional properties. In the 3rd step, Cl manual was made by the conbination of image colors, logotypes and 10 figures which represent regional properties.
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Masahisa Makita, Toshio Mitsuhashi
Article type: Article
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
75-82
Published: November 10, 1992
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The image of a townscape is made up of various elements composing the townscape. In this study, the image of a townscape was appraised. The image evaluation structure and the classification were analyzed by Principal component analysis and Cluster analysis. Under several townscapes, research was made reseaches in the effect of the workings of the constituent elements. In addition, the constituents of townscapes were expressed in quantity and it was investigated how the constituent elements of a townscape had effects on the image evaluation under the theory of quantification (I). The structure of image evaluation in the townscape could then be expressed as Characteristic or Open and Healthful. It could be classificated into 7 types;Traditional, Closed, Harmonious, Ordinary, Open, Modern and Active. It made clear that the image valuation was affected by the quantity of signboads, uniformity of signboads, wall materials and street trees as constituent elements of a townscape. It was proved that the constituent elements were an important factor in the image and types of townscapes.
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
83-
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
84-85
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
86-87
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
A1-A6
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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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Published: November 10, 1992
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Article type: Cover
1992 Volume 1992 Issue 94 Pages
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