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Noriko Goibuchi, Chanil Park, Kiyoshi Miyazaki, ShyuDer Ueng
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
1-10
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This research aims to find the typology of activities in using regional resources to service the school lunch in Taiwan. Through a typological analysis, this research begins with classifying the regional resources into three terms of stage : (1)physical stage (e.g.ingredients, cooking methods, and food), (2)behavioral stage (e.g.tableware, dining room, and conducive environment), and (3)educational stage(e.g.eating education and teaching about regional custom). As the result, six types of activity can be obtained, which are : (1)the ingredients outer region-based type, (2)the ingredients inner region-based type, (3)the ingredients inner region-closed type, (4)the cooking methods company-based type, (5)the cooking methods independent type, and(6)the regional foods used type.The each types have their own characteristics built by some factors such as : the condition of school place, number of students, specification of school lunch program, and regional resources used.
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Noriko Goibuchi, Chanil Park, Kiyoshi Miyazaki, ShyuDer Ueng
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
11-20
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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The preliminary study inquired the types of school lunch in Taiwan to the regional resources bases that group into : (1)the ingredients outer region-based type, (2)the ingredients inner region-based type, (3)the ingredients inner region-closed type, (4)the cooking methods companybased type, (5)the cooking methods independent type, and(6)the regional foods used type.Through those classifications, this study has been verified the discrepancy of each types of the school lunch based on the regional resources.It is clearly showed that, (1)There are many schools which positively expect the school lunch program based on regional resources as the alternative of teaching tools of the eating culture for the children, (2)The expectation of school lunch to use the regional resources is more than the amount of schools which positively applied that system, (3)The schools which have no program of the school lunch and do not want to put into their part of school management, showed the un-positive views to exploit their regional resources.In general, the expectation of the school lunch based on regional resources is required in the whole of Taiwan.The expectation that is founded in this study could be percept as the important point facing the school lunch program in the future.
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Noriko Goibuchi, Chanil Park, Kiyoshi Miyazaki, ShyuDer Ueng
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
21-30
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This study is the third stage of the general study on the school lunch based on regional resources in Taiwan.This study has been verified and evaluated the present condition of the school lunch in Taiwan.The four elementary and junior high schools are choused as the objects of study representing the actual model that have applied the school lunch based on regional resources.This study involved the three actors(students, parents and teachers)and aims to verify the expectation of school lunch from the three points of view, which are : the school lunch experiences, the school lunch request and the school lunch planning. The questionnaire and field survey are took in the subjects of : (1)the conscious of school lunch, (2)the appraisal of present school lunch, (3)the expectation of future school lunch.The results are : (1) the appraisal of three actors to involve the regional resources into the school lunch program is high, (2)the expectation of the parents and teachers is high to the school lunch which use the regional resources to be an education tool, and (3)the children expect the school lunch contained the identity value and delightful in various changing.
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Makoto Watanabe, Kenta Ono, ChulHo Kim, Kazuo Sugiyama
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
31-36
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This study clarified the relationship between business domain and in-house design activities in the industries.The investigation was carried out for electrical and precision machinery industry.The reason for focusing to two these industries is as follows.(1)Above industries have intensively expanded, changed or restructured their business domains.(2)They provide their own in-house design departments. Firstly, the business domain in the industries were able to be classified into eight domains such a "Home electric appliances" and "Information technology" etc..And, the investigation was carried out to 13 companies which covered two to eight business domains and had the design department.As a result, the following is the relationship between the three company domain policies and four counter strategic activities of in-house design department.1.Transforming of business domain >a.Flexible management of design organization 2.Concentrating on core domain >b. Emphasis of design originality 3.Growing stage domain >c.Systematic promotion of design discipline >d.Expansion of design business territory These seem to be able to become one index for predicting a future in-house design management.
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Kunio Funatsu
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
37-44
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This report aims to show how Japan has been contributing to the international design exchange and cooperation within the context of Japan's design policy after World War II. For this purpose, this report deals with the establishment of design policy implementation organization, its aim, and scope of projects. Design policy has been plotted out to be utilized it from the various perspectives of an ever changing international economy, corporate activities and consumer life. At the same time the policy has provided its own challenges to solve. Among the design policies, international design exchange and cooperation has been promoted and developed with thorough consideration of Japan's role and its position in the international arena. By focusing on its history, aim, and handling of business of the public design organization, we can come to understand the original role of design and its potentiality. This is a brief explanation of how Japan's design industry has been developed with the accumulation of achievement.
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Kunio Funatsu
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
45-52
Published: November 30, 2001
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This report deals with the project outlines of an organization in Japan in charge of international design exchange and cooperation activities. Depending upon the conditions of the recipient countries and regions in Asia, the method and process of design exchange and cooperation should be more or less different. It could, however, be said that the accumulation of know-how in our design capability cultivated for a longer period of time has been fully and effectively utilized to promote design in each country and region. Thinking of the design promotion in the future, it is necessary to apply design promotion to each country and region by finely tuning the framework of the conventional design exchange and cooperation activities best fit to the conditions of each recipient in addition to the experiences accumulated so far.Design is only revitalized both externally and internally through the exchange and cooperation of enterprises and academic fields, their active business development and joint research activities as well as various activities that only a public organization can perform.
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Ryoichi Tamura
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
53-62
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This study aims at classifying the relations between the merchandise line-up and the concept of design, and discusses the structure of television set line-ups of five leading manufacturers during the past six years. The cathode-ray tube sets in four categories of "wide-frame type", "standard-frame type", "compound wide-frame type"and"compound standard-frame type" were classified into 38 types based on differences in combinations of nine tuning-in functions.The product line-ups were analyzed in time-series using the quantification theory of the third type depending on the presence/absence of 38 types.The result revealed differences in development of product line-ups according to the categories, and that development of the wide-frame TV and the compound wide-frame TV sets was based on differences in types.The product development for the wide-frame TV sets by all of five manufacturers focused on the line-ups of multiple functions, and could be classified roughly into three according to differences in types that characterize the product line-ups, revealing differences in R&D capacities and business strategies of the manufacturers.
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YingYu Chang, Kiyoshi Miyazaki
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
63-72
Published: November 30, 2001
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Jian-Nian is by using bowls or broken color glass pieces, cutting into the right fit. By inlaying them piece by piece to the surface of the object then a temple decoration is completed. This report used documents from the region of southern coast line of China and Taiwan for research, finding the origin of Jian-Nian, it's transitions, and the process of making. The following are the results. (1)China's Jian-Nian culture started in the 1700 A. D.in the southern coast of Quan-Zhou Area, shortly after the culture came into Taiwan. (2)The material for Jian-Nian used to be from broken glasses, pots, or porcelain. Recently it changed to a specific kind of porcelain made just for the use of Jian-Nian. This showed more in the Taiwanese Jian-Nian culture. (3)The main processes of Jian-Nian can be divided into using wire to do the outline, using concrete to attach, and the inlay of the surface.
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Mineteru Ohmori
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
73-80
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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In this paper, we investigated the grounds of the criticisms for high-rise residence. And we examined guidelines on design of the inhabitant environment of high-rise multiple dwelling houses. The results were summarized as follows. 1)The points of arguments are mainly based on three factors : physiological and psychological influence, restriction of behavior, and safety of the daily life. 2)For the evasion of physiological and psychological influence and restriction of behavior, we should think over the dispersion of playing field, community space, and other measures. 3)We are not sure that the cause of crime and accidents of daily life have a lot to do with high-rise dwelling.But, it is necessary to consider the way of raising the consciousness of self-government and joint.It is, therefore, rational to take into account the age and family of residents by combining the layout of house.
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FengYing Ken, Kiyoshi Miyazaki
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
81-90
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This article is based on historical data and documents, and explores the process of museum development in Taiwan, as well as their role in Taiwanese society. It is concluded that the museum in Taiwan has gone through significant changes with the passage of time. There are several findings as followed : (1)The development of the museum in Taiwan can be divided into three periods : the Japanese Colonial period, the period under the KMT government, and the period of orientation toward a cultural policy. From the perspective of history, the museum in Taiwan has changed from a central and government-affiliated institution to local and culturally-oriented one. (2)During the Japanese Colonial period, the museum in Taiwan was a base of colonial industrial enterprise in keeping with the policies of the Japanese Empire, and played a role in supporting the idea of Empire and the national glory of Japan.(3)After World War 2,the KMT government replaced the Japanese Empire in Taiwan. In order to reinforce the identity of Chinese culture, the museum played another role : to bring about a consensus among Taiwan residents that identified them with China and Chinese culture.(4)With the later changes that occurred in Taiwan under the rapid industrialization and political liberalization, the museum in Taiwan evolved to include the local community and to integrate its resources.
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Tomonaga Saito
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
91-100
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This study is an investigation of how design should be in the current age of digital information.Systematic design, which is the basic principle underlying today's design methodology, is an analytical method. However, "what"is the focus in the design of digital products, and the synthesis process becomes more important. The following are regarded to be the requirements for a new design methodology. (1)The human/artifact system should be regarded as an integrated and reciprocal relationship that should be reconstructed as a whole. (2)Complete understanding and consideration of the physical environment and the social/cultural environments. (3)In designing information product for example, design considerations must be expanded to include not only utilitarian goals, but also mental objectives such as the meaning of communication. (4)A consolidation of perspectives independent of conventional design parameter definitions. (5)These concepts can be referred to as "design in which a product is defined in its true being".
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Woohun Lee, Jisoo Park, Dongseok Ryu
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
101-110
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This paper reports design results from a study into the usability problems of a multi-channel digital TV focusing on EPG and interaction device.We conducted task analysis on using digital TV in a multi-channel situation and made a research on television viewing experience of SkyPerfecTV subscribers in Japan.Upon the research, several design requirements were derived, e.g., (1)Personalized environment for viewing digital TV, (2)Unobtrusive EPG, (3)Integrated support tools for channel navigation and program search, (4)Reduction of information overload, (5)Speedy and accurate control. Based on these results, we suggested new interaction style personal TV and designed user interfaces such as channel bar and program palette. From the results of implementation based on virtual broadcasting station, we verified that suggested user interfaces were easier to use than those of traditional digital settop boxes.
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Yukie Takeuchi, Shuichi Nakayama
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
111-120
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This essay describes the influence of public relations theory, which was accepted by Japan's postwar advertising trade for advertising design. This theory was introduced under the guidance of GHQ into Japan after World War II.It was developed in the US in the 1930s.In Japan, it was generally understood as a strategy necessary for enterprises(government)to appeal to the public as welfare enterprises(organizations).This theory, at the beginning of its introduction, brought innovation to the public relations of the government and was applied to advertising design such as posters.In the 1950s, its influence spread into the private enterprises.This essay describes how Japan's advertising design in the reconstruction period was changed by adding a roll of propagating the corporate image, focusing on the changes in the sense of the advertising interest by acceptance of PR theory and conceptualization of advertising expressions.
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Ryoichi Tamura
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
121-130
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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This study discusses the wide-frame and the standard-frame cathoderay tube TV sets, particularly the product line-ups and designs of these two types marketed by five leading manufacturers during the past six years, these two categories having higher component ratios. The product line-ups for the two categories are based on improved performances and functions for cathode-ray tubes and image displays, but their process of changes were different by manufacturers.Examination of new models for each of these six years in regard of the common features of the outside designs revealed "unified type design" where all models had the identical design, and "distribution type design" where all models had plural designs.The latter could be classified into three based on the presence/absence or difference of viewpoints common to design; "type dependent design", "frame-size dependent design" and "distribution type design" where the design was not uniform.Differences in the design philosophy as well as differences in the types and frame-sizes of new product line-ups were considered to be reflecting differences in merchandising strategies and the attitude toward production costs of manufacturers.
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Yukari Nagai, Hisataka Noguchi
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
131-138
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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Designer's drawings could be important clue for understanding the creative thinking process.We prepared experiments to see how drawings devote to creative design.Subjects were assigned tasks to design paperweights by two different keywords. From observation of drawing process, two different thinking types were found : one was who searched as possible as many associations from the given key words, then select one from them.The other was who drew abstracted forms and gradually brush up them to get most fitting image for given key words.Then, the sketches were evaluated and analyzed the relations of the thinking types and their drawing ways.The former type sketches were made by caricaturized and single line drawings, and the latter type sketches were made by elaborated and repeated line drawings. Most of good results were seen in the latter type group. From the results, we became to think that the creative design can be got only when the keyword was once lifted up to high abstracted level concept, which could be fixed after frequent interactions between the concept in mind and drawn images.
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Yuko Mori
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
139-146
Published: November 30, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2017
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In Japanese "lateral" writing, there are currently three different combinations in the use of punctuations -- the indispensable elements which transmit the intended or precise meaning of writings.In the present study, the focus is on the notation of punctuations. Firstly, a literary study of related bibliographies is undertaken, by examining into the ways in which the three notations have come to be established as the standards.Secondly, a comparative study of the notations of punctuations in different fields, including humanities, natural sciences, fine arts, social sciences, and many others, is made by analyzing the concrete cases of a number of periodicals currently in print.Lastly, a questionnaire is used to comprehend the general inclination of today's individuals' habitual notations of punctuations in their daily writings.Through the examination of the abovementioned aspects, it is revealed that a gap exists between the guided notations of punctuations which are followed in press-printed matters and the habitual manner of notation among the general public.
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Keiko Miyaki, Shinichi Ishimura
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
147-156
Published: November 30, 2001
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This paper examines the origin of the two formative elements in the characteristic forms of Wa-Maki and Komo-Zutsumi (Koguchi-Giri) packaging in Wara-Nizukuri (straw packaging) for Arita-Imari Ceramics. After analysis of graphic materials and fieldwork, the following conclusions were reached : (1)It is conceivable that Komo-Zutsumi, a cylindrical-sack type, is a combination of tawara, tsuto, komo and nawa Japanese packaging technologies.It is probable that the shape evolved as a result of impact-resistant packaging for small pottery and porcelain in sea transport. (2)The fine Wa-Maki design has a characteristic element like a big rope.It is likely that the main reason for this is that priority was given to the protection of large ceramics in long-distance sea transport. Moreover, rope barrel hoops used in pottery packaging and the name "Wa-Maki" itself indicate that its origin is linked to the design of sake barrels developed for sea transport of liquor in the early modern era, and to the packaging technique of barrel hoops.
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Sachiko Nagasawa, Shin'ya Nagasawa
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
157-166
Published: November 30, 2001
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'Fashion Drawing' is a general name for drawings that express fashion.This paper describes a historical transition and principles of drawing methodology for costume design drawing as still life in fashion drawing for creating costumes.Moreover, this paper proposes an original drawing system called, 'a drawing method for prototype costume design in fashion drawing', similar to the drawing method for a plane figure of a formative costume.In addition, this paper proposes 'the real proportion' as the traceable, undressed and non-deformed physique, 'the basic pro- portion for costume design drawing', and 'the prototype of costume design drawing.' The proposed method is applicable to a series of steps from the basic costume pattern based on actual human body size to a plane figure of a formative costume.The proposition of 'the drawing method for prototype costume design in fashion drawing' is significant in fashion design.
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Chanil Park, Masaaki Sueoka
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
167-176
Published: November 30, 2001
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In this paper, the problems of the correspondence of the museum to barrier-free have been grasped and examined.As the result, four problems have clarified as follow : (1)At the present, many barriers exist for the visually handicapped in the museum. In this case, the correspondence to barrier-free should be strengthened in the future by using Braille and sound to illustrate the display and guide.(2)The barrier-free of "the transfer of information" has been considerably retarded from the barrier-free of "the movements of observer" in the correspondence.The communication and information services in the museum are very important, and the correspondence is urgent.(3)It is necessary that the expert committee need to be installed to grasps and solves the barrier in the museum(4)In order to execute the barrier-free in the museum, it is necessary that the consciousness of the museum's staff to barrier-free should be improved.
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Itsuko Tokinaga, Kaoru Arou
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
177-184
Published: November 30, 2001
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The color education became a part of the art education, which was developed with the foundation of the Japan school educational system after the war. This paper discusses the development of the elementary color education along with the course of study. From the results of our research, it became clear that the color education has historically stressed the importance of the systematic color learning, on the other hand, the art education tends to exclude it. However, it also became clear that some believe the opposite, i.e.the education with a stress on sensual aspects which the present art education pursues takes place with the systematic learning of the color names.
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Yukari Nagai, Hisataka Noguchi
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
185-194
Published: November 30, 2001
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Design thinking process can be represented as conversion process from verbal description of design purpose to the fit form for it.In this thought, we had some experiments to know how creative thinking was done.Firstly, a design task was assigned with two keywords those were different levels of hardness to convert to form.As the result of this experiment, the keyword, which was harder to convert, seemed to be connected with metaphors associated from the keyword in form making process. In the second experiment, we assigned a task of"Design a chair which makes feel sad". As the result of this experiment, two paths in thinking for making forms were shown.One was using metaphors of sad feeling and the other was using metaphors of concept of sadness.Most of creative results were seen in the former case. From this research, we concluded that the creative thinking required the long thinking path with effort of drawings in design process.
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Yukari Nagai, Hisataka Noguchi
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
195-200
Published: November 30, 2001
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In this paper, result of the third experiment was described, which was held as an extended part of former experiments, and discussed on the total consequences of the all experiments.In the experiment 3,member of subjects class was divided into 5 groups.Each group was assigned design tasks of streetlight with different keywords.From the results of the design tasks and evaluations of them, we found that there were distinctive differences of success rates in the keyword groups.Those differences seemed to be brought from variances in formation of thinking ways to create ideas depending on the keywords.Consequently, from total examination on the 3 experiments, we concluded that, for getting creative design, designer needs a long thinking way from design purpose to perform it.In other words, designer needs high level abstraction in his thinking way.On the basis of those results, we thought that we should make a research of focusing into the process of polish up drawing.
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Michio Miyazaki, Youichi Tamagaki, Hideki Sato
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
201-206
Published: November 30, 2001
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The aim of this paper is, through studying the effects of shape and color of newspaper advertisement space on its image, to obtain a guideline for attractive newspaper layout design. First, nine newspaper advertisement samples of various spacing irregularity were prepared, and the sensory experiment was conducted among 74 university students.Next, three typical samples were selected and colored in four different ways to prepare a total of 12 samples, and the effects of coloring were investigated among 64 university students.Two data sets from these experiment were merged, and analyzed by a factor analysis.The results were as follows : (1)Two factors, strikingness and favorableness, were identified.(2)Higher degree of spacing irregularity led to higher evaluation with regard to strikingness.Regular-type advertisements laid in rectangular block received high evaluation with regard to favorableness. (3)Full color advertisement received the highest evaluation with regard to both strikingness and favorableness.However, with regard to faborableness, evaluation of unicolor advertisement was lower than that of the black-and-white samples with uniform halftone background.It was the lowest of the four.
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Kyoko Itoh
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 48 Issue 4 Pages
207-214
Published: November 30, 2001
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The purpose of this paper is to make clear factors that affect the evaluation of "crowding", and its influence on"intention of visiting the place"as total estimation of train stations.With this purpose, students were asked to evaluate images of 4 stations and different locations of train stations on a video display.The results show as follows : 1)The image of all stations is "many peple, crowded, tiring, noisy".Through correlation analysis, "familiar" and "daily" show high correlation with positive images.2)Through factor analysis, two factors of station images were extracted : "attractiveness", "familiar".3)Quantification theory type1 performed. "Crowding" is affected by physical factors in both sexes.In addition, "crowding" and"images" have effects on" intention of visiting the place".
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