In their report, Ogawa et al. described next-generation sequencing of protein-coding and long non-protein-coding RNAs in two types of exosomes derived from human whole saliva. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicle released from variety types of cells. They contain proteins and nucleic acids transferred to recipient cells. Human whole saliva contains two types of exosomes (exosomes I and II) that are different in size, proteome and small RNA transcriptome. In this study, they investigated the compositions of protein-coding RNAs and long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of exosome I, exosome II and whole saliva by next-generation sequencing technology. Interestingly, lncRNAs of pseudogenes were abundant in exosomes and whole saliva. Their results may highlight a new function of exosomes in regulation of gene expression.