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Volume 30, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Atsuo MURATA1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 191-200
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the effectiveness of the replacement of the function key by the voice input in four kinds of text editing tasks was verified. The key input and two kinds of voice inputs were used in the experiment. Concerning the voice input, the mode (Voice 1) which does not prespecify the range of editing and the position of carrying out the command and the one (Voice 2) which prespecifies them were selected. For all types of experiments, the text editing was repeated four times (blocks) at each input mode. With respect to both the editing error and the percent correct recognition, no significant differences were found among input modes and among blocks for each editing task. Both the subjective rating for the ease of editing and the mean processing time for Voice 1 were the best for all editing tasks. The usability for Voice 2 was nearly as same as that for the key input. It is concluded that the voice input mode which replaces the function key corresponding to more than four or five key inputs by the voice input (Voice 1) is more effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (3130K) -
Eitaro MASUYAMA1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 201-208
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adaptation-level theory devised by Helson is ingenious because his formulae predict the human categorical response not only from the stimulus in front of subject, but also from it's surroundings (he calls it “back ground stimuli”). But it is very regrettable for him to say that he could apply his theory only to the following two areas: first is colour experiment and second is weight lifting experiment. Here, I could succeed to apply his theory to warm and cold experiment. And I think, my formulae are widely applicable to many other areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (5654K) -
Am CHO, Kageyu NORO1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 209-214
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper aims to examine experimentally the difference of subjectively measured degree of depth between two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) images. For this paper, two experiments were conducted; in the first experiment, the subjects were asked to estimate the distance between two objects presented with different depths, while in the second experiments, the subjects' role was to rank three objects in the order of distance from the screen. In both experiments, the objects were presented either in 2D or 3D images. The results of the experiments show that the use of 3D images can induce more accurate and more stable estimates of distance than the use of 2D images.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Takehisa ONISAWA1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 215-222
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes a model of human reliability analysis which employs a fuzzy set defined on subjective unreliability, called a failure possibility, and natural language expressions from the viewpoint of the fuzzy theory instead of the probability theory.
There are two kinds of dependencies in consecutive similar human tasks that are error dependency and success dependency. Particularly the later is not observed in a machine system. A conventional fuzzy human reliability model considers only the error dependency. The present model considers the success dependency as well as the error dependency. To this end an opposite concept of the failure possibility is defined. The failure possibility is transformed into the concept and the success dependency is analysed by the use of the concept. Some examples show that human reliability is analysed well considering two kinds of dependencies.View full abstractDownload PDF (994K) -
Naoyuki AIZAWA, Kazuo AOKI, Yoshiyuki YOSHIDA1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 223-231
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper deals with the effect of mental workload on sway of center of gravity. The parameters used for evaluation for the experiment were area of sway of center of gravity, distance of sway, spectral power. Twelve subjects were tested to compare the parameters obtained when the subjects were resting and when the subjects were doing mental arithmetic.
The area of sway of center of gravity obtained after mental work with the eyes open decreased compared to the area of sway obtained after resting, but tended to recover when the subjects rested after mental work. Results obtained while the subjects had their eyes close were quite uneven and therefore no significant difference could be noted. However, in the Romberg quotient, which is the parameter showing how the visual system influences the sway, no differences were detected. Therefore, it can be said that the cause of changes of the sway with eyes open is not visual system influences.
The coefficient of variation in the R-R wave intervals decreased during mental work compared to that obtained during resting and rapidly recovered when the subjects rested after mental work. This proves that the subjects were in a state of psychentonia during mental calculations for mental work.
From the above results, it has become clear that a psychentonia affects the area of sway of center of gravity. It was implied that the mental workload can be measured by sway of center of gravity.View full abstractDownload PDF (4302K) -
Yasuo KUCHINOMACHI, Takatsune KUMADA, Hiroyuki KODAMA, Ichiro HIEDA1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 233-240
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe progress of cerebral arteriosclerosis (hardening in cerebral artery) with aging was investigated by the rheoencephalography. Rheoencephalogram (REG) was picked up with the four-electrode system from the frontal (Fpz) and the occipital (Oz) areas with ECG, and they were averaged using ECG as the trigger. REG latency that is the time from the occurence of ECG to the corresponding REG and peak latency that is the time from the occurence of REG to its peak were calculated from the averaged REG. In the results, REG latency was shorter in the old subject than in the young subject, and REG waveform clearly changed with aging such that peak latency grew longer and the peak became rounding. Furthermore, though there were the significant effect on the variable of the electrode site in the young subject, it wasn't in the old subject. This result suggests that hardening in the internal carotid artery system proceeds faster with aging than in the vertebral artery system. These results, taken together, suggest that REG by the electrical impedance plethysmographic technique would be a significant index in order to measure the change of hardening in the cerebral artery with aging.View full abstractDownload PDF (6138K) -
Hisayuki ISHIDA1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 241-243
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (347K) -
Ergonomic stance to prevent accidents on facility usersAkinori KOMATSUBARA1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 245-254
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSErgonomic theory of construction liability is discussed through several Japanese civil law cases against the hight of barriers as safety. This paper discusses the ergonomic idea or stance of construction liability through these cases. The discussion in this paper leads that designers should design safety equipments conforming to the consumers' expectation criteria of product liability theory. However users of these equipments should have the responsibility to act on the premise that the safety equipments do not exist so as to prevent every accident.View full abstractDownload PDF (1653K) -
Katsunori TANII1994 Volume 30 Issue 4 Pages 255
Published: August 15, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (175K)
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