The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics
Online ISSN : 1884-2844
Print ISSN : 0549-4974
ISSN-L : 0549-4974
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Volume 45, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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General remarks
Contribution
  • Evaluation of the Quadriplegia's Swaying Movements on the Electric Powered Wheelchair Climbing Up and Down One Step
    Atsushi TSUKADA, You IWASAKI, Takenobu INOUE, Yuko NAKAMURA, Hiroyuki ...
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 82-98
    Published: April 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.82
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper describes evaluation and assessment for swaying of quadriplegias' posture when the electric powered wheelchair climbs up or down one step in approaching a practical scene of their daily living. In addition, the possibility for the achievement of the electric powered wheelchair that is able to expand the accessibility is examined. All quadriplegias who take part in this study are essential to operate the electric powered wheelchair by chin control. It was measured their postural swaying in motion analysis while changing seat angle by using tilt feature (function that the angle changes in combining seat with back support) at driving one step. Using multiple regression analysis, the effectiveness of postural stability on tilt feature and factors that affected their postural swaying were verified. As a result, enlarging the seat angle by the tilt, some effect of a decrease in the postural swaying was confirmed. However, it was clarified that their postures were affected strongly by angular velocity of seat throughout climbing up or down one step. Requirement for the electric powered wheelchair has been extracted not only the tilt feature but also a function that the angular velocity is not caused, in order for quadriplegias to do the continuing operation.
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  • Experimental Study on Estimation of Human Operator's Unsafe Behavior
    Osamu SUENAGA, Keisuke FUNAKOSHI, Masahiro KOTANI
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 99-109
    Published: April 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.99
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    The driver's unsafe behaviors are given as a factor of the traffic accident. In this study, we assume that an implicit attitude participates in a factor inducing unsafe behavior. Here, the implicit attitude is manifest as an action or a judgment without driver's awareness. The implicit association test (IAT) is applied to measure the implicit attitude. The purpose of this paper is to prove the usefulness of the IAT as an index for estimating the individual characteristics in a factor inducing unsafe behavior based on the relationship between the results of the IAT and the driving behaviors. First, a part of the subject is divided into two groups (a higher rank 25% and a lower rank 25%) based on the evaluation by the IAT. Next, the driving behaviors( the mean of the speed, the distance between the subject's car and the car ahead, etc.) by the neighborhood of the crossing are measured by using the simple driving simulator. The differences of these driving behaviors between two groups are investigated. As a result, it is able to be indicated that the IAT is a useful index for estimating the driver's individual characteristics in unsafe behaviors.
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  • Swallow Ability Evaluation Method by Lead Time, Geniohyoid Muscle and Thyrohyoid Muscle Estimated Using by Photo Sensors in Swallowing
    Yosuke KURIHARA, Kajiro WATANABE, Kazuyuki KOBAYASHI, Hiroshi TANAKA
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 110-117
    Published: April 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.110
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    In the rehabilitation of dysphagia patients, judging the swallow ability and understanding its process are essential. Appropriate rehabilitation policies and dieraty menus can then be selected to prevent aspirations. Currently, however, the swallow ability is mainly judged using large-scale and expensive methods such as video fluoroscopic examination of swallowing, Mesopharynx Fiber, Palatal Pressure Measurements, CT, and Cine MRI, which are difficult to be used in the houses of the patients. This paper proposes a swallow ability judgment system that applies photo sensors, which is handily used at home. As parameters to judge the swallow ability, the lead time, geniohyoid muscle, and thyrohyid muscle are estimated using photo sensors with a little invasiveness. The results of estimation were obtained with the errors of only 12.5%, 19.2%, and 11.6%, for the lead time, the muscle strength of geniohyoid muscle, and the muscle strength of thyrohyoid muscle respectively. Then, we define a estimation equation to calculate the swallow age, which stands for the standard swallow ability corresponding to the age of the patient, to be used as an index to summarily estimate the swallow ability. The result of the estimation of swallow age showed the root mean square error between the calculated values and the actual ages of the patients was 6.89 years.
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  • Analysis of the Skillful Quality Evaluation of Fresh Fish by Auctioneers
    — On Appearance Evaluation of Chromatic Color Fish Species —
    Makoto NAKAMURA, Hiromitsu OHTA, Eiji MORIMOTO, Satoru EZOE, Toshimich ...
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 118-125
    Published: April 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.118
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    The aim of this research was to improve the quality control measures associated with the distribution of marine products. Specifically, a model was developed to evaluate the appearance of fresh fish, the results of which were compared to the evaluations of professional fish auctioneers. Three different kinds of fishes (striped grunt, white chestnut, tilefish), each differing with respect to the hue of fish body surface, were graded into five classes by experienced auctioneers. Analysis of appearance evaluations by auctioneers, combined with information on fish coloration and meat freshness, were used to develop three common color indexes for characterizing fish body surface. These indexes accurately reflected the appearance evaluations of auctioneers and the degree of fish meat freshness. Statistical models were then constructed and evaluated using the indexes as explanatory variables, and the results obtained corresponded with the assessments of auctioneers with a certainty of more than 90%. Therefore, the observed results demonstrated the validity of the proposed method, which employs the knowledge of auctioneers in the design of a robust quality evaluation system.
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  • Effect of Steady Wind on Standing People
    Koji OMINO, Hiroharu ENDOH, Katsuji TANEMOTO, Hiroaki SHIROTO, Mitsugu ...
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 126-134
    Published: April 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.126
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    In order to study the dynamic effects of steady winds on standing people, we measured the “wind-speed tolerances to hold posture” and the related matters in the Large-scale Low-noise Wind Tunnel.
    The percentage of the people “unable to hold their postures” increased extremely over a specific wind-speed depending on its direction. The wind forces affecting on their bodies were proportional to the squares of wind velocities. The average of “wind-speed tolerances to hold posture” without leaning against it was 16 m/s when standing in the wind direction and 19 m/s in the lateral direction. The percentage of the responses of “unacceptable” for the train draft also increased as the wind-speed.
    A simple rigid model of a human body was supposed to estimate “wind-speed tolerances to hold posture”. While the estimates were lower than the real ones for the steady wind, the estimates suited to the real ones for the previous data of the transient wind. The human movements were conceivable closer to the one of rigid model for the transient wind than for the steady wind.
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Short communication
Ergonomic data
  • Relations Between the Different Parameters of Chaos Analysis and the Largest Lyapunov Exponent in Finger Plethysmograms
    Akira IMANISHI, Mayumi OYAMA-HIGA
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
    Published: April 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.141
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    Recently, the largest Lyapunov exponent of finger plethysmograms is used to assess the human psychophysiological states in ergonomics and the valuable results have been obtained in each study. However, the used parameters to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent differ among researchers and it is difficult to find out the common view of the results. In the present study, the effects of different parameters were experimentally examined in calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent of finger plethysmograms. The results showed that the time delay is positively correlated to the largest Lyapunov exponent, while the evolution time, the super sphere, the sampling frequency and the analyzed interval are negatively correlated to it. It is, therefore, proposed that we should compare the largest Lyapunov exponent obtained in each study with the same parameters in chaos analysis of finger plethysmograms.
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