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Volume 28, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Atsuo MURATA1992 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 107-117
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix pointing devices were evaluated experimentally from the viewpoints of the pointing time, effects of the moving distance and the target size on the pointing time, accuracy and subjective feeling on usability. With respect to the pointing time, the direct pointing devices were remarkably superior to the indirect pointing devices. The pointing accuracy for the trackball and mouse was very high. On the other hand, the accuracy for the direct pointing devices was low, especially when the target size was small. Concerning the subjective feeling on the usability, the evaluation for the direct pointing devices and the mouse was moderate. However, the workload on the hand, arm, neck and shoulder for the direct pointing devices was heavy. Applying the Fitts's law to model the relation between the Fitts's index of difficulty and the pointing time, the effects of the moving distance and the target size on the pointing time were discussed. In case of the direct pointing devices, the pointing time was explained enough by the Fitts's law even if it was not applied according to the moving distance, because of the easiness of eye-hand coordination. The target size and the moving distance had little effects on the pointing time. On the other hand, the pointing time for the indirect pointing devices was modelled well by the Fitts's law when it was applied according to the moving distance. Concerning the indirect pointing devices, only the target size had effects on the pointing time.View full abstractDownload PDF (1348K) -
Tsuneto IWASAKI, Shinobu AKIYA, Tetsuri INOUE, Kageyu NORO1992 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 119-124
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resting position of accommodation is determined by the equilibrium established between sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. To accommodate for near objects is brought about by excitation of the parasympathetic, and distant objects call for excitation of the sympathetic system. To investigate accommodation and pupil after-effects following the ten minutes visual task with stereoscopic three dimensional images, the measurements of the dynamic responses of accommodation and pupil were made. When the subjects worked at 0.4m (closer than their resting state) and at 1m corresponded to their resting positions, the response delay in accommodative relaxation occurred in each condition. When they worked at outside their resting position (3m viewing distance), the significant response delay in contraction and the increases of accommodative error and the area of miosis were shown. There was data that the after-effect on accommodation and pupilary function was different between in the case of tasks given inside and outside their resting positions.View full abstractDownload PDF (2566K) -
Yasuo KUCHINOMACHI, Hiroyuki KODAMA, Ichiro HIEDA1992 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 125-131
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the coming aging society, one of the most troublesome problems for the aged and their attendants is urinary incontinence. This paper proposes a non-invasive simple measurement of urinary volume in the bladder with the impedance plethysmography for preventing urinary incontinence. Long-term impedance changes were measured on the abdominal regions above the bladder at the interval of 30 minutes for 5 hours. The impedance values above the bladder region gradually decreased with the time lapsed till urination, and it rapidly increased toward the base level immediately after urination. Furthermore, the great impedance change was obtained with the electrodes placed near the abdominal regions above the bladder, especially in such the arrangement as a pair of current electrodes put between the top and the bottom of the bladder. The decline in the impedance with time reflects the gradual accummulation of the urine in the bladder, and the quick return to the base level corresponds to vacant bladder. These results suggest that the bladder volume is easily detected with the impedance measurement, and urinary incontinence can be effectively avoided by means of giving a warning signal to the aged according to the bladder volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
Tetsuo EMA1992 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 133-140
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, handling qualities for manual control of the STOL aircraft on wide range of the backside parameter are discussed by the experimental study comparing the STOL control technique which is fully known method to control STOL aircraft at landing approach with the CTOL control technique as a general method using the fixed-base simulator. This report presents that controlling altitude by the stick only, pilot can not control to fly the STOL aircraft in safety in the region of the backside of drag curve, but if pilot controls the aircraft so as to maintain the velocity change to small by the thrust control using a throttle, it may be easy to control the aircraft for the wide range of the backside parameter, therefore the STOL control technique required thrust control will be available for approach and landing.View full abstractDownload PDF (759K) -
The role of impulse trains' fluctuationTetsuo KOBAYASHI1992 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 141-147
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo explain stochastic properties of the binocular rivalry, the experimental results are simulated on a computer using a model which consists of neural elements receiving impulse trains. The model has a hierarchical structure of neural elements and also has orientation selective structure. Neural elements of the model can fire alternatively by their own summations of postsynaptic potentials. The postsynaptic potentials are generated by impulse trains whose repetition rate is fluctuating around a certain value. In the simulation, different types of fluctuations of impulse trains such as white, 1/f etc. in their spectrum are tested. Although the present model is restricted to explain only the rivalry between two lines which have different orientations, we could have the agreement between the frequency histogram of the dominance duration and the gamma distribution when the fluctuation of the impulse trains has white in its spectrum.View full abstractDownload PDF (4244K) -
Toshio TSUJI, Koji ITO1992 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 149-157
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe musculoskeletal system of human body is kinematically redundant. The number of degrees of freedom in the system is generally larger than the one needed to carry out given tasks. The present paper discusses how the human subjects determine their arm postures utilizing kinematic redundancy during crank rotation tasks. The tasks require hand force control as well as hand position control, and include three kinds of control modes: force control mode, velocity control mode and position control mode. The experimental results showed that the human subjects used different criteria for each control mode to determine their arm posture. The criteria are selected according to the tasks needed to be carried out and mechanical structure of musculoskeletal systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1014K) -
Yusaku OKADA1992 Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 159-165
Published: June 15, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose in this paper is to investigate the human characteristics at manual control to change over the state of the system to the reference by on/off manipulation.
Observing the human behavior at the experiments, there are two strategies; i.e., the subjects attempt to attain the controlled quantity in the neighbourhood of the reference by one switching manipulation, and to compensate the deviation by some manipulations. So we focus the state-parameter of the system when the first strategy finished. In particular, the model of τ, which is the sum of the ON-state holding time under second strategy, is constructed, and expresses the human factors regarding the adjustment manipulation.
From the result, we confirm the validity of the model, and find that the model can express the human behavior at the control-tasks exactly.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K)
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