All issues
Volume 47 (2011)
- Issue 6 Pages 235-
- Issue 5 Pages 171-
- Issue 4 Pages 121-
- Issue 3 Pages 79-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 47, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Contribution
-
Akira TOSE, Ken'ichi TAKANO2011 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 171-182
Published: October 15, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, in order to develop a group dynamics training that suits a specific occupational team, studies were carried out on how to set the training target and to measure training results. Teamwork Importance Factors were determined by implementing a questionnaire survey. A Teamwork Target Scale and a Teamwork Condition Scale were outlined by using a factor model of Teamwork Importance Factors. There was no significant difference between the average on the Teamwork Target Scale and the high score group's average on the Teamwork Condition Scale. There was a significant difference between the average on the Teamwork Target Scale and the low score group's average on the Teamwork Condition Scale. Further, there was a significant difference between the high score group and the low score group's average on the Teamwork Condition Scale. Additionally, the study shows that important factors differ with regard to the types of occupation. Finally, this study shows the possibility for target setting and measuring the training results by using these scales.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
Characteristics of Surface EMG Recorded from the Biceps Brachii during Rapid Isometric Elbow FlexionKenji SAITOU, Satoshi HOSOYA, Tadashi MASUDA, Morihiko OKADA2011 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 183-189
Published: October 15, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of surface EMG (sEMG) during rapid contraction (Rapid) from the view points of normalization with maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and activity of motor unit (MU). In order to solve above problem, the elbow flexion force and sEMG variables such as the average rectified value (ARV), median frequency (MDF) and muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) were calculated with sEMG recorded from the biceps brachii. As a result, subjects participated in this study were classified into two groups which had different relationship between flexion force and ARV in Rapid. This result showed that traditional method with MVC was usable for normalizing the sEMG recorded from subjects belonging to group-I, but the normalization for the sEMG from group-II required the additional corrective method. Consequently, it is important to clarify the group to which each subject participated belongs before normalizing the sEMG in Rapid with MVC. And, no differences of MFCV between group-I and -II, or Rapid and MVC were found. These results show that MUs in Rapid have the characteristics which are different from the activities in MVC. For instance, fewer MUs are recruited during Rapid than during MVC. And then a few F (Fast)-type MUs, which contract more quickly and strongly and have larger size than the other S (Slow)-type MU, are recruited selectively in Rapid and their activities probably synchronize.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
Atsuo MURATA, Keita OCHI, Makoto MORIWAKA2011 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 190-197
Published: October 15, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adaptive moving average methods for displaying eye-gaze locations were proposed, and the performance was compared with that of the direct eye-gaze display method and the 10-point moving average method. The effects of eye-gaze input operation without cursor indication on the performance and the usability were also explored. As the menu selection seems to be greatly influenced by a way how the gaze-location is displayed as a cursor, the menu selection by means of I-QGSM (Improved-Quick Glance Selection Method) was used. As a result, it was found that the adaptive moving average method was suitable from the perspective of task completion time and pointing accuracy. The task completion time and the error rate of the methods for displaying eye-gaze locations with cursor indication were nearly equal to that without cursor indication. As a result of psychological evaluation on usability, almost all of the participants felt that eye-gaze operation without cursor indication was easier.View full abstractDownload PDF (1127K) -
Atsuo MURATA, Susumu KEMORI, Makoto MORIWAKA2011 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 198-208
Published: October 15, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to improve driving safety using a vibrotactile warning system. The effectiveness of vibrotactile warning system was compared between the system that made use of apparent movement using 2-point stimuli and the system of single point stimulation. The participants were required to simultaneously carry out a tracking task, a switch pressing task, and a judgment task of information which randomly appeared on the front or the rear. The tracking error, the correct percentage of switch pressing, and the reaction time and the percentage correct reaction to the front or rear stimulus were measured. It was examined how age, the method of warning presentation (no warning, vibrotactile stimulation by apparent movement, and single-point vibrotactile stimulation), and the attachment location of tactors (arm, leg, and stomach/back) affected the measures above. It was confirmed that the tactile warning were effective for both young and older adults. The vibrotactile stimulation on leg led to higher hit rate, in particular, for older adults irrespective of the method of warning presentation. The warning presentation by vibrotactile apparent movement led to the slower reaction to the rear danger than the single-point vibrotactile stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1744K) -
Yuichiro TAKAHASHI, Nobutoshi YAMAZAKI2011 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 209-216
Published: October 15, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent dental treatment, the patient usually takes a supine position so that the doctor can perform accurate operation without having backache. However, the patient often feels the fear of falling and face congestion when changing the position from sitting to supine. In this study, a new dental chair which raises the trunk as much as possible while keeping the head posture horizontally was designed to reduce these discomforts. From the results using the adjustable experimental chair, it is found that the seat back was able to be raised up to 32° under the condition of horizontal head position. To accommodate the height range from 5 percentile of elderly female to 95 percentile of young male, the seat back was separated in two parts: the lower back cushion with the shape of the inverted “T” and the scapular cushion with the shape of the inverted “V”. Consequently, the prototype chair was able to reduce the pressure concentration at the upper back for tall males. In addition, the change in face blood flow during trunk inclination was reduced 9% and the fear of falling was improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (1225K)
Short communication
-
The Relationship between the Nurses' Low Back Load and the Height of the Bed during Patient TransferTomoko TAMARU, Yoko ASO, Aki IBE, Yoko HONDA, Hiroko ARAOKA2011 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 217-221
Published: October 15, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (451K)
Ergonomic data
-
Impact of Speed Reduction and Spillover Effects on Driver Behaviour during Roadside CheckingHiroshi NAKAI, Shinnosuke USUI2011 Volume 47 Issue 5 Pages 222-228
Published: October 15, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: December 20, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of a speed hump constructed in the middle of a T-shaped intersection on the behaviour of drivers turning right onto a major road were studied for five different observation periods (0 (baseline) : before construction, I : immediately after, II : three months after, III : six months after, and IV : one year after). Comparing the data of periods I—IV with that of the baseline period, the hump was effective in reducing the speed of vehicles entering the intersection ; however, this effectiveness gradually reduced. Moreover, for periods I and II, a positive spillover effect of increased number of head turns for roadside checking was seen. On the other hand, the following negative spillover effect was observed for periods I and II : the number of vehicles stopping at the stop sign during these periods was less than that during the baseline period. These results indicate that, from the viewpoint of assessing risk compensation, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of traffic safety measures such as speed humps by studying not only their effects on the vehicle speed but also their spillover effects such as changes in drivers' behaviour. Then, safety countermeasures can be implemented to offset the negative spillover effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|