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Volume 31, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Motohiro OHKURA, Takuma MURAKAMI, Osamu SHIMIZU, Masaki TAUCHI1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo expand their sphere of dairy activities and fully participate in main stream life, the visually impaired need rapid mass transit just like normally sighted. Unfortunately, visually impaired persons who attempt to use railways alone encounter a variety of difficulties and dangers. To date, many serious accidents have been reported, including visually impaired persons falling from train platforms. We have studied many cases of such accidents. In the present study, we analyzed falls from train platforms in relation to fundamental characteristics of the orientation and mobility of the visually impaired persons, as well as environmental factors. From these results, we propose some ideas to prevent such accidents, including environmental modifications and human assistance.View full abstractDownload PDF (6790K) -
Movements to stand or sit, ascend or descend, and step over in elderly womenTetsuo TOKUDA, Keiko KODAMA, Tomiyo SAIJO1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 9-20
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was targeted at 35 females aged between 19-80 who had no handicaps in coping with everyday life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the right measurements for shifting movements, position of handrails, etc. inside a private residence by examining the individual motions involved in the three model shifting movements considered to place the most physical strain: movement to stand or sit, movement to ascend or descend a stair, and movement to step over.
Findings showed that the height at which the older age group (those aged 75 and above) began to feel the strain when they did not rely on a handrail were: standing from/sitting on a seat height of 20cm and less in movement, lifting the leg 25cm or more from the ground in movement and 30cm or more from the ground in movement. However, when a handrail was used, different results were obtained, confirming its effectiveness. The appropriate position of the handrail (when grasped parallel to standing position) on a level surface was about the height of spina iliaca anterior superior. The right diameter of the handrail for either holding or grasping was observed to be about 36mm. Findings of the experimental study reveal that there is the need to develop and diffuse products for the aged group that suit their physical functions. In addition, by providing the right living environment to the elderly, we can reinvigorate their lives, thus promoting self-dependence.View full abstractDownload PDF (5015K) -
Osamu SUENAGA, Motozo IHARA1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 21-29
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the usefulness of the training using an active controller for the support of the human operator in the man-machine system that requires a high level of control technique for him. The active controller has a function that feeds back some information, such as the state of the system, and displays these as the perceptible physical quantity to the human operator. The human operator was trained by the force display through the active controller. The magnitude of the force was in proportion to the difference between the human operator's manipulated variable and the optimal manipulated variable whose synthesis used the optimal control theory. The control task was the position control of the trailer moving backward. The trainees were the novice and the well-trained operator. The usefulness of the training using the active controller was investigated from the difference in the control performance between after training and without training. As the results, it was clarified that the use of the active controller during the training period improved the learning speed for the novice and kept the control level for the well-trained operator. It was suggested that the active controller was useful for the training system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1065K) -
Keun Sang PARK, Takao OHKUBO1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 31-38
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of research was carried out to clarify the relationship between visual display and the characteristics of eye movement of the railroad train drivers while driving. The features of their eye movement under the driving conditions are investigated with eye mark camera to investigate similarity and difference of the two different visual displays, i. e. presnt type adopted and the improved type. Main results obtained from the research are as follows; (1) Main task of train driver is to observe on forward of train. Ratio of forward was accounted for 75 percent to all observing time while driving. (2) Almost of all eye movements for train drivers on front panel displays have relevance to control speed of train while running. (3) Time needed to gaze upon the railway time table is clearly longer compared to that of the other meters of displays. (4) All meters on the display have tight connection with the watch in terms of visual pattern of drivers to keep train operating accurately.View full abstractDownload PDF (1238K) -
Tatsuru DAIMON, Kazuhide MOTEGI, Hironao KAWASHIMA1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 39-50
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study is to detect driver's eye motions when driving by using the image sequence analysis of video frames. By using this method, driver's performances can be measured without restriction of specific devices. In this method, facial images are recorded by a small CCD camera mounted in vehicle and the typical motions of driver's eyes and blinks are detected by applying the frame sequence analysis to the images. In order to analyze driver's eye motions smoothly, four indices are designed as the criteria for judgement of eye motions or blinks: the amount of movement of iris and eye region, width of eyelid and voting number (related with Hough transformation).
The experiment is conducted in order to evaluate the validity of this method and the indices. The results of the experiment show that driver's eye motion and blinks can be measured by means of criterion proposed by these indices and the proposed method is effective in terms of no restriction of specific devices. Moreover, the calculation time per frame of this algorithm is about one second including reading data. It implies a possibility of real time processing.View full abstractDownload PDF (5009K) -
Daiji KOBAYASHI, Yusaku OKADA, Takeo YUKIMACHI1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 51-61
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the effect of touch screen as interface at process-plant controlled with CRT operation are studied from the viewpoint of display design. At first, we designed CRT pictures for touch operation, based on the conventional investigation on relevant human factors, and simulated touch operation with these pictures. From the results, several problems, concerning complicated adjustments and too many switching and selecting operations, were observed on general CRT pictures. To improve the disadvantages, we intended to introduce a touch operation such as rubbing directly on a touch screen. A few intentions were attempted and clarified the effectiveness for touch operation by verification experiments with improved pictures.View full abstractDownload PDF (10464K) -
Identification of human behaviour model at adjustment operationYusaku OKADA1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 63-70
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen malfunction occurs at the automatic control system in plant, human operator is expected to control by manual switching. The typical case is to change over the state of the system, say “change-over type”. This paper focuss on adjustment operation at “change-over type”. Observing the adjustment operation, operator performs several switching of the ON/OFF controller. Then, the time which operator keep the controller On-state at one switching (τstep), and the number of switching at adjustment operation (N) are measured. As the result, each τstep is neighborhood of 0.075 (sec). And N is varied when time constant and gain increased/decreased, but the cause is the threshold for deviation between controlled quantities. Constructing the model for N in consideration of effect by threshold, the number of switching at operator's plan is 4 times under every experimental conditions. Combining these facts, operator's strategy for adjustment operation at “change-over type” is not affected by such factors as time constant and gain.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K) -
Relation with affections evoked by odorsSaho AYABE, Shinji SATOH, Chiemi TANIGAWARA, Yukari WATANABE, Ichiyou ...1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 71-73
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (435K) -
Toshiyuki YAMASHITA1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 75-80
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWide screens have been more frequently used in various fields. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological effects of size of screens. Sixteen subjects viewed two kinds of visual materials through three kinds of screens and rated the visual impression for what they viewed. The principal component analysis of the obtained rating scale data and the graphical analysis of the obtained rank data indicated that wider screens did not always give better impression to the subjects, and that the relationship between the real size of the objects and the size on the screen was very important for reality and meaning that the subjects felt through the screens.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
An approach by the improvement of the work environmentHiromi NISHIGUCHI, Murako SAITO, Mamoru OZEKI1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 81-86
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor promoting the employment and the job enlargement of the disabled persons, many countermeasures are tried by enterprises as well as the public administration make much effort. On the other hand, it is the fact that the disabled workers who set on their work often departed from for some reasons. In this paper, a systematic procedure is proposed for stabilizing the employment of disabled workers and the job enlargement of them. This flow is composed of some steps by taking account of the usage of self-help devices for work and the improvement of the work environment. We applied it to some cases and got the result that it appeared to be available to enlarge the range of their work ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (4974K) -
Keita MATSUMOTO1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 87-90
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (457K) -
Tsuyoshi KAWAKAMI1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 91-92
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (297K) -
Yoshinori HORIE1995 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 93
Published: February 15, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (130K)
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