The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics
Online ISSN : 1884-2844
Print ISSN : 0549-4974
ISSN-L : 0549-4974
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Volume 40, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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  • A study of the movement of rising from bed among abdominal surgery patients
    Kaori NAKAJIMA, Kouichi OGAWA, Yayoi KAMAKURA
    2004 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 179-185
    Published: August 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.40.179
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    This study examines a rising-from-bed movement that requires little strength from abdominal muscles and is kinetically efficient. Following the basic movement of trunk roll, there were three movement patterns conditions: 1) rising from lateral roll, 2) rising using the railing, and 3) rising with extended movement time. Movement patterns were compared by electromyogram, center of gravity (C. G.), and subjective evaluation. The rising pattern using the railing required significantly lower abdominal muscle strength, C. G. and had a higher subjective evaluation score than other patterns. It was found that extending the movement time induces neck flexion and requires continuous use of abdominal muscle strength. These results suggest that rising from a lateral roll, which does not depend on abdominal strength, and the use of aids such as the bed railing, are appropriate patterns for rising from bed by patients who have undergone abdominal surgery.
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  • Evaluation of information search task based on modeling of response time using eye movement characteristics
    Nobuyasu FURUKAWA, Atsuo MURATA
    2004 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 186-194
    Published: August 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.40.186
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    In this study, the eye movement characteristics in two kinds of visual search tasks were examined on the basis of the multiple regression model, in which the dependent variable was the reaction time and the independent variables were the number of fixations and the fixation duration. The two tasks were a search task in an icon interface, and a search task of a target stimulus that consisted of three pre-specified random letters. It was clarified that the reaction time could be reliably predicted by the multiple regression model. The ratio of the standard partial regression coefficient of the fixation duration to that of the number of fixations (βF/D) was calculated. A larger value of this ratio means that the contribution of the number of fixations is higher than the fixation duration. The βF/D tended to be high under the high difficulty condition for each task. The βF/D can be used together with the reaction time to quantitatively evaluate the visual search tasks.
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  • An experimental study on visual impression of sailing sea area
    Mina SAKURAI, Masao FURUSHO, Tadahiko FUKUDA
    2004 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 195-202
    Published: August 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.40.195
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    The aims of this study were to investigate whether visual impression of sea area may be correlated to navigation officers' performance on lookout and to conduct basic research to clarify which elements of scenery influence visual impressions. In this study, the authors carried out an experiment on the navigation bridge in the routine course of navigation and examined visual impressions of sea areas by Semantic Differential Method in four different circumstances. Principal component analysis was applied to the data, four principal aspects of subjects' evaluation were found: “comfort”, “difficulty”, “tediousness”, and “activity”. As results, in the narrow area with heavy traffic, the scores of “difficulty” were higher and the scores of “tediousness” were lower than in the other areas. The scores of “activity” were higher in the area with high winds and large waves than in other areas. It was also found that the scores of “comfort” were low in the area with heavy traffic or with heavy weather. These results suggest that visual impression is greatly affected by the amount of information required for safe navigation, and it is difficult to obtain good situation awareness in a sea area where there is a significant volume of information to be absorbed.
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  • A study on workload during VDT work with use of a monocular head mounted display
    Hiroyuki IZUMI, Hidenori TOGAMI, Noriaki SATO, Masaharu KUMASHIRO
    2004 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 203-211
    Published: August 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.40.203
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    It is presumed that a higher workload is induced by using a monocular head mounted display (mono-HMD) than by using a normal CRT, due to the binocular rivalry between the eye that sees real outside images and the eye that looks at the mono-HMD display. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on mental workload during mono-HMD use. Comparisons were made between use of a mono-HMD and use of a normal desk-top CRT monitor (binocular vision), mainly for the task of browsing for information. Task performance (time to perform task), subjective evaluation of eye fatigue and the difficulty of maintaining a standing position, heart rate, and amplitude of blood volume pulse (BVP) were used as indices of mental workload. Comparisons of task performance and subjective evaluation between the mono-HMD and normal CRT indicate that use of the mono-HMD induces a higher workload than use of the normal CRT. Pattern analyses of changes over time for heart rate and amplitude of BVP supported higher mental workload during VDT work using a mono-HMD. With the mono-HMD, the decline in task performance and increase in amplitude of BVP were observed 34 minutes after the task was started. This is likely due to coping behavior induced by the higher mental workload associated with use of a mono-HMD.
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  • The new method which measured at the same time the agonistic moment and the antagonistic moment using the gait analysis system and surface EMG dada
    For calcalation of the adductor and the abductor muscle moment during one leg standing
    Akihiro OHNISHI, Yoshihiro EHARA
    2004 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 212-217
    Published: August 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.40.212
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    The new method which can calculate the coefficient between surface EMG and joint moment was developed, even if prime mover and antagonist contract simultaneously. And as application, this study was used to examine the role of the adductor muscle and the abductor muscle of the hip joint during one leg standing. The abductor moment and the adductor moment were calculated during one leg standing with the new method. The subjects were three normal adult males. It was found that the adductor muscle and the abductor muscle were active at the same time when the subjects stood on one leg. The ratio of the adductor and the abductor moment was about 1:9. In order to accomplish the role to maintain stability of the hip joint during one leg standing, the adductor muscle seemed to contract.
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  • Readability for PDAs and LCD monitors among elderly people
    Kazuhiro FUJIKAKE, Marehiro MUKAI, Hiroshi KANSAKU, Masanobu MIYOSHI, ...
    2004 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 218-227
    Published: August 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.40.218
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    An experimental examination of the ease of reading a VDT was conducted with elderly, middle-aged and young people. The subjects were 124 persons (18-86 years old), who read displayed numbers (11 figures). We measured reading time and number of misreadings. In Experiment I, three character sizes for the numbers displayed and two kinds of VDT, a 5.4 inch reflection type liquid crystal and 15 inch back-light liquid crystal, were used. The results revealed no difference between the two VDTs. However, elderly people are poor at reading small characters on both of the VDTs. In Experiment II, five character sizes for the numbers displayed were used to examine smaller fonts. It was found that elderly people are poor at reading small characters. With large characters, however, no difference was seen between elderly and young people. These results suggest that, a small character size should not be used for displays used by elderly people.
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