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Volume 25, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Akinori KOMATSUBARA1989 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 261-270
Published: October 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsability of tree-structured menu retrieval systems on depth/breadth trade-off is investigated. A user model on menu retrieval behaviour was proposed, which classifies retrieval time into three categories as visual search on a menu, judgement whether the menu item includes the goal, and keying operation. Based on this model, changes of these times were theoretically discussed in relation with learning phenomenon of users, and such tendencies were forecasted that when the menu structure become deeper, the more retrieval time is to be required to reach the goal. Experiments was conducted to examine the change of goal acquisition speed in accordance with learning, and the results which support the forecasts were obtained. In addition, the experiment showed that names of menu items were of importance for usability because names of menu items act as representation of goals in the cognitive ergonomic sense. Besed on these results, several ergonomic guidlines for tree-structured menu retrieval systems were proposed as the conclusion in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
Satoru KUBOTA1989 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 271-276
Published: October 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of image polarity, luminance contrast, and stroke width of characters were studied in a task of searching for a specified character on a CRT display. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The optimal stroke width (at one-half maximum amplitude) of characters for the positive image (dark characters on a light background) is wider than for the negative image (light characters on a dark back-ground). (2) As luminance contrast is reduced, thick letters become more legible than thin ones. This result is true for negative image, but not for positive image. (3) When the luminance contrast is extremely low or high, legibility of the characters is significantly higher in the positive image than in the negative image. (4) When the luminance contrast is optimal, image polarity and stroke width of characters are not important for legibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (6744K) -
Akinori KOMATSUBARA, Yoshimi YOKOMIZO1989 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 277-286
Published: October 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the fundamental study for designing computer user interfaces, workload imposed by keeping short term memory is studied. Two experiments with using personal computers were conducted. Workloads caused by two different strategies of keeping short term memory were compared in the first experiment, and it turned out that positive strategy shows less workload than the strategy of only rehearsal. Second experiment treats the relation between the workload and chunks. It turned out that perfect recall is to be expected under five chunks and that the workload will be worse over five chunks. It also turned out that workload is not in the same level even under the five chunks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1255K) -
Toshiyuki YAMASHITA, Shinobu YAMAGUCHI1989 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 287-292
Published: October 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince development of computer technology has more frequently caused people to view the data graphically displayed on a computer display and to make various judgments, understanding of how human judgments are affected by display formats has become much more important. In this study, two experiments were performed in order to investigate how human judgments of relatedness of variables presented on scatterplots were affected by the number of data and the presentation of regression line. The major results were (a) in the case that the two variables possessed relatively high correlation, human judgment approached the value of correlation coefficient when viewing a large number of data than when viewing a small number of data; (b) presentation of a regression line on the scatterplot had no significant effect on subjects' judgments of relatedness of two variables.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
Atsuo MURATA, Shinji MIYAKE1989 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 293-299
Published: October 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, learning characteristics in a robot manipulation task are discussed. Firstly, the learning phenomenon is analysed by means of the logarithmic linear regression model considering the confidence interval.
Based on this model, the relationship among characteristics in the learning process (learning rate, performance, confidence intervals in the learning curve at the first and the last trial, values of learning curve at the first trial and the last trial, dispersion ratio) are clarified. Moreover, the relevance between the learning effects and the performance is pointed out.
As a result, the strong positive correlation between the dispersion ratio and the learning rate, and the significant positive correlation between the initial confidence interval and the final confidence interval were found out. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the learning effect and the performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
Tetsuo KOBAYASHI1989 Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 301-308
Published: October 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe alternation process in binocular rivalry was examined by psychophysical experiments. The stimulus strength to the central part of the visual field in one eye was varied while the stimulus strength in the other eye remained constant. The data obtained from the experiments indicates that the variations in stimulus strength alter the mean dominance duration, variance and predominance. And the frequency histogram of the dominance duration almost fits to the gamma distribution. To explain these results, a model that assumes reciprocal inhibition is proposed and simulated on the computer. Since the simulation results agree with the psychophysical results, the proposed model can explain the binocular rivalry.View full abstractDownload PDF (2845K)
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