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Volume 29, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Ryoji YOSHITAKE, Kazuo TSUCHIYA1993 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 209-214
Published: August 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe quality of an STN LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) with backlight was evaluated. The LCD was shown to thirty participants, and they were asked to rank-order ten main factors which are affecting the quality of this panel, which were extracted from many factors found out in a previous test. Before this test, each participant was asked to choose the preferred display mode (positive/negative), and to adjust brightness and contrast as preferred. A paired comparison method was used to aid participants rank-order factors easier since they normally do not have clear criteria on these factors.
A half of participants preferred the positive mode and the rest preferred the negative. The luminances (Lmax) adjusted by the participants ranged from 13cd/m2 to 136cd/m2. The mean of the luminances (Lmax) adjusted in the positive mode was significantly higher than that in the negative mode. The result of the paired comparison indicated that “Luminance Uniformity” was the top factor to be improved most in the positive mode. On the other hand in the negative mode, “Reflection/Glare” was the most required to be improved. The priority order was made clear of those factors to improve the quality of the LCD in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (2207K) -
Yasuaki FUKUTA, Takao OHKUBO1993 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 215-222
Published: August 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, we attempted to quantitate in work achievement the differences in individual times, to apply the professing equation in production on the basis of work achievement theory, to implement 5 kinds of works in which the content or factors in the learning differed, and to compare same with the analytical approach to date.
The results indicated that analysis using the work achievement and professing equation in production proved to be effective for analyzing work in which individual times show less and less deviation as the learning progresses, even where the content and work factors differ. Due consideration was also given to the relation among various characteristic values in the learning process using the professing equation in production, and an attempt was made to evaluate learning characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (973K) -
Analysis of time budget study and questionnaire studyTsukasa SASAKI, Yasuyuki KIKUCHI, Etsuko SHINDO1993 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 223-230
Published: August 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study reports that nocturnal nap effects on daily activity patterns of nurses by a time budget study, and their attitudes towards napping by using a questionnaire method. The subjects were nurses who belonging to one of two wards. They could have a nap in night duty in one ward and could not take a nap in another one.
The results of the study were as follows; (1) taking a nocturnal nap during night duty shortened daytime sleeping hours after night duty and increased hours for free time activities at home; (2) having a nocturnal nap decreased sleep complaints for daytime sleep and night sleep after night duty; (3) nurses working in no-nap ward showed longer daytime sleeping hours, went to bed later for night sleep and got up in the next morning later than those in nap ward.
It was also shown that percent of nurses taking a nap during night duty was nearly zero when their actual resting hours during night duty was less than 60min., while 70 percent of them took a nap when they had 60min. or more resting hours. It is suggested that at least 60min. resting hours during night duty will be needed for taking a nap for the nurses.View full abstractDownload PDF (6674K) -
Obstructive factors of suitability of disabled workers in work placesHiromi NISHIGUCHI, Murako SAITO, Mamoru OZEKI1993 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 231-238
Published: August 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPromoting the employment of disabled persons and improving their fixing rate require the employers not only to ameliorate such physical surroundings as working environment, but also to grasp the psychological environment involving the disabled workers from broader point of view. In this study we performed an enquiry by open-ended questionnaire on the factors which bring obstacle to the fixation of the disabled employees. The open-ended questions were raised to the personnel managers in corporate business.
The results of this investigation allowed us to extract the following five factors:
(1) Problem of work environment surrounding the disabled workers; (2) Insufficient education for normalization at the places of work; (3) Working capacity and physical strength of disabled workers; (4) Insufficiency in basic knowledge and experties of disabled workers; and (5) Paucity of communication in the places of work.
We also discussed the countermeasures to be taken against these five obstructing factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (980K) -
Hiroshi UJITA, Ryuji KUBOTA, Ryutaro KAWANO1993 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 239-248
Published: August 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment has been performed to clarify plant operators' cognitive processes in emergency situation. The cognitive processes of six plant operator crews under eight types of abnormal conditions were evaluated by verbal protocol analyses, interviews, etc. in 32 experiments using a fullscope simulator for operation training. A cognitive process model is represented by a stochastic network, based on Rasmussen's decision making model, to trace the experimental data and to simulate various cognitive processes. Main observations by comparison of experimental results and model simulation results are as follows:
(1) Cognitive processes and response times are varied not only by severity of abnormal condition and process waiting time but also by operator type; and
(2) The average and standard deviation for feedback probability should be determined for each abnormal condition type to explain correctly the response time variation due to the individual differences in the cognitive processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1521K) -
Hiroshi UJITA, Ryuji KUBOTA, Minako FUJI-IE1993 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 249-257
Published: August 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElucidation of crew communication aspects is required to improve the man-man interface which supports operators' diagnoses and decisions. Experiments to clarify operator performance in emergency situation were performed using a training simulator. The operator performance was evaluated from the viewpoint of crew communications. The following four approaches have been tried to evaluate operator performance.
(1) Crew performance are quantitatively evaluated by number of tasks gained by operator crew.
(2) The group thinking process was clarified by cognition-communication flow.
(3) The group response process was clarified by movement flow.
(4) Quantitative indexes for evaluating crew performance are represented by the amount of information effectively exchanged among operators.
Crew communications in emergency condition were categorized into four types.View full abstractDownload PDF (4437K) -
Operational characteristics through actual operationsTetsuo TOKUDA, Keiko KODAMA1993 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 259-269
Published: August 15, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 11, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe employed some newly developed instruments, such as a portable meter for measuring pushing and pulling strength and a kind of portable torque meter, in addition to the existing instruments. By applying those existing apparatus and the newly developed instruments, we measured the installation performance and the delivery performance of the household apparatus. And we examined the correlation existing between the requirements of the operational apparatus and the operational characteristics of the users.
Most of the subjects expressed that the operational apparatus installed in the multiple dwelling house were with appropriate height for them to use, but very few of them found that the equipment installed at public facilities was operational with the force for them to put forth easily. The operating height and the operating physical force required by those installed equipment were at almost the same levels with the height of the equipment which was difficult to handle and the maximum operating physical force that the octogenarian group experienced in the laboratory. When we evaluated the operating height and the operating physical force of the installed apparatus by using the sliding scale, we found that the operating height of the apparatus was generally designed significantly higher than the optimum operating height and that the operating physical force required by the apparatus was also considerably stronger than the force the octogenarian group felt rather easily to put forth.View full abstractDownload PDF (9438K)
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