According to the revision of United Nations Regulation UN-R 46, it became possible to mount a camera monitor system as a substitute for the outside mirror of a car. In developing the world’s first commercialized Lexus ES digital outer mirror, we have made various studies to ensure not only regulation requirements but also usability beyond the conventional mirror surface. In this paper, we report the 3 kinds of human factor issue: “display arrangement when moving eyes”, “viewing distance when adjusting focus”, and “range when hazard detection & risk detection”. These issues are identified based on behavioral transitions when using conventional mirrors.

This study aimed to identify the causes and the seasonal effects of occupational falls on the same level based on randomly sampled reports in 2011 and 2012. This study analyzed approximately one-fourth of the occupational falls and more than 4 days of absence from work. Each report included a brief description of each situation. The data, using keywords in each report, were categorized for each month as slip, trip, misstep, and others. The trend in the causes of occupational falls was identical in both years. Slip was the most common and accounted for 39.2％－40.0％ of all falls in each year. Trip was the second most common, accounting for 15.9％－16.6％. Misstep was the third most common, accounting for 4.8％－5.4％. Slip falls occurred most frequently from December to February in both years, icy surfaces contributing in large part. Additionally, ice-induced slip falls demonstrated a relationship with the deviations of the average air temperature. However, regional differences could not be identified because the reports did not include the names of prefectures or cities. Clearly, measures for preventing slip falls should be prioritized, especially during the winter.

In this research, we investigated the situation of texting while walking in railway stations for the purpose of understanding it and clarifying the features that lead to effective interventions. In survey I, the number of people walking in a station with operating a cell phone was investigated. Results indicated that young people operate their cell phones frequently while walking compared to elderly people, and people do it especially after the evening, when passengers are crowded. In survey II, we did a questionnaire survey in a railway station by collecting answers directly from who walking with operating a cell phone at the moment and who walking without operating it. Results indicated that whether they are operating their cell phone at the time of getting off the train has a great influence on whether they walk in railway stations with operating it or not. It was showed that people who walking with operating their cell phone want to give priority to completing the operation right away, and they have the confidence that they can operate it even while walking. Besides, it was indicated that there are many people who walking with operating their cell phone despite the low need, and people who doing it unconsciously.