It is well-known that the behavior of human operator in manual tracking task is classified into two kinds of fundamental modes. One is the predictive mode for a complex input such as a noise signal, and the other is the precognitive mode for a simple input such as a single sine wave. But any reports of the quantitative analysis on the relation between an arbitrary input signal and these control modes are difficult to find.
In this report, an index which represents how the human operator's behavior for an arbitrary input signal is similar to the precognitive mode is proposed, and its availability is experimentally ascertained. The proposed index is called as IPCB (Index of PreCognitive control Behavior), which is easily obtained from the frequency transfer functions for single sine wave, random noise, and arbitrary input signal, respectively. Through the tracking tasks for combination inputs of two or three sine waves, some quantitative results are obtained.

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In this study, six standard two dimentional shapes and seven standard color samples of a given definite shape were provided and their preference ranking was decided on separately by 100 male and 50 female subjects. Next, the 42 samples which combined the above-mentioned shapes with 7 colors were provided and the 5 highest ranking samples baced on the likes and dislikes of the same subjects were decided on. On the basis of these data, a score obtained by adding the rank score of a shape to that of a color was compared to the rank score of a sample which combined the shape with the color. And then the effects of the interaction between shapes and colors on preference were studied quantitatively. Results obtained were as follows:
(1) In both males and females degree, to which preference ranking to the shape is affected by changing the color, is greater than that, to which preference ranking to the color is affected by changing the shape.
(2) Preference to ellipse is affected most by changing the color in particular.
(3) Preference to regular square is not particularly affected by changing the color, whereas among females preference to white is greatly affected by changing the shape.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of sex and age on the circulatory function characteristies to the bicycle ergometer. The work load (20, 40, and 60 watts) was set up in order to approximate three levels of the daily work load. The subjects were 9 aged, 20 middle aged, and 26 young adult persons (both males and females). Measurements of circulatory function to the exercises were made for 1) oxygen intake; 2) heart rate; and 3) blood pressure.
Heart rate and systolic blood pressure indicated remarkable differences in terms of sex and age with an increase in work load, and the highest values on these physiological measures were shown by the aged women. It was also noted that the aged mens' response to the 60-watt exercise was characterized by a smaller increase in oxygen intake in comparison with that of the middle aged men. In order to determine the major cause of the smaller increase in oxygen intake on the part of aged men, we examined the increase and recovery of their heart rate, metabolic rate, pressure rate product, and oxygen pulse. The 60-watt work load was thought to be near the maximum level of circulatory function for the aged men.

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