The Japanese Journal of Ergonomics
Online ISSN : 1884-2844
Print ISSN : 0549-4974
ISSN-L : 0549-4974
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Volume 45, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Contribution
  • Influence of mobile device operations on the walking
    –Including the motion taking it out and putting it back–
    Takayuki YAMAGIWA, Ken HORII, Isao YOSHIMURA
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
    Published: February 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The influences of mobile device operations on the walking stabilities have been reported so far. The present author presumes not only the normal device operations, but the actions like taking the device out and put it back would have still more influences on walking. The purpose of this study is to confirm the latter influences using a treadmill experiment. Twenty four male subjects have some trials of using mobile device with walking over treadmill. These trials are taking a mobile device out, operating and putting back. In that time, the gait is measured with motion capture systems. Additionally, EMG of gastrocnemius muscle is measured as a Bio-information. Their measurement items (position of tiptoe, posture of upper body, EMG, error ratio, operation time) are analyzed. This position of tiptoe is compared with one of normal walking, and stability of the walking is evaluated by a new index δst that we invented. As the results, the stability of walking with using a mobile device was decreased. On taking out and putting back, the stability of walking was decreased, and EMG was increased.
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  • Motion Analysis System Using Motion Capture and 3D Computer Graphics
    Tsuyoshi MATSUKAWA, Kiyoko YOKOYAMA, Tomohiro UMETANI, Masanori NAGATA
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 12-18
    Published: February 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.12
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    The purpose of this study is development of the motion analysis system that contributes intuitive recognition of human motion and muscle activity. This system obtains electromyograms and motion data by optical motion capture system. Electromyograms are measured synchronously with motion data. This system generates avatar animation using three dimensional computer graphics (3DCG). The human motion data is assigned to the movement of the bone of the 3DCG model. The muscle activities are represented by color of avatar muscles. The characteristic of this motion analysis system is to contribute intuitive and instantaneous recognition of whole body motion and muscle activity by generating avatar animation at various view points. This system is adequate to estimate time variance of physiological conditions. This paper describes the outline of the proposal system, visualizing method for representing human motion and muscle activity using avatar animation, evaluating results applying this system to the visualizing of physical load during operation of center panel mounted on car console, and the characteristics of this system.
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  • Effect of Introversion-Extraversion and Mental Task Load on Mental Fatigue
    Motonori ISHIBASHI, Shun'ichi DOI
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 19-28
    Published: February 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.19
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    A cue to understand individual differences of driver's mental fatigue is required from a viewpoint of better relationship between human and machine in driver support system. From Pavlov's and Eysenck's theory, it is suggested that there are some response types to stimulus in brain, which have relationship with fatigue and appear as a personality of introversion-extraversion. First, the stimulus response types were examined in an experiment with visual stimulus. As a result of brain waves analysis, extraversion corresponded to “excitation type” in which alpha wave frequency increased with the stimulus presentation, and introversion corresponded to “inhibition type” in which its frequency showed phasic decrease before increase. Next, the following model was assumed : mental fatigue (depression of brain activity) after task may be affected by interaction between introversion-extraversion (corresponding to stimulus response type) and mental task load (corresponding to stimulus). From analyses of alpha wave frequency, psychological state and standard deviation of reaction time in a simulated driving task experiment, it was thought that mental fatigue after the task was larger in extraverts than in introverts in the task with lower load and was lager in introverts in the higher load task. This result may support validity of the interaction model.
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  • Differences in Physiological Responses Induced by Mental Tasks with Different Difficulty Levels
    Chie SOGA, Shinji MIYAKE, Chikamune WADA
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
    Published: February 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.29
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    Modern society is riddled with many complexities, which are increasingly leading to unavoidable stresses, and various studies have been conducted to establish a quantitative evaluation method for mental stress. A previous study has reported the influence of changes in feelings on physiological responses under various situations. However, few studies have attempted to investigate the relationship between physiological responses and changes in feelings induced by mental tasks. However, it is necessary to evaluate such relationships quantitatively. In this study, in order to evaluate mental stress, we investigated the relationship between activities of the autonomic nervous system and changes in feelings of the participants while they repeatedly performed arithmetic tasks with 3 levels of difficulty. We found that the skin potential level (SPL) and blood pressure may be related to the anxiety arising due to the experiment.
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  • Music Interface Manipulated by EMG Signals –
    Music Interface System for the Playing of Computer Music by People with Physical Disabilities
    Yasuharu TAKEDA, Toshiaki SUGIYAMA, Keisuke SHIMA, Hiromi UENO, Kenji ...
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 36-45
    Published: February 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.36
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    This paper proposes a novel EMG-controlled music interface for people with severe physical disabilities. In this system, EMG signals are measured using some electrodes attached to the skin surface, and three parameters, which are timing information, duration of muscle activation level, and time derivative of muscle activation level, are extracted from the measured EMG signals. By using the abovementioned three parameters, tempo, nuance, and volume of prepared music score data, respectively, are controlled. In order to verify that people with severe physical disabilities can play music using this system, an experiment is conducted on patients with cervical spine injuries by using EMG signals measured from two pairs of electrodes attached to the patients' faces. Experimental results show that the patients can play music by three discriminated motions and also voluntarily play music like a conductor, on the basis of the allocated tempo, nuance, and volume. The possibility of the system controlling music information such as tempo is also verified through comparison experiments using a MIDI keyboard. In addition, we confirm that there is no statistical difference between the proposed system and a MIDI keyboard, and this system enables the patients to play music reflecting how they want to perform.
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  • Pressure Measurement Method for Liquid Medicine Injected from a Syringe and its Application in Training Novices
    Naoko KUNISAWA, Hiromi SHINMURA, Koichi OGAWA
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 46-53
    Published: February 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.46
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    The purpose of this research is to develop a pressure measurement system and a pressure transducer for an injector for liquid medicine. By obtaining continuous measurements of the pressure of blood or liquid medicine delivered using an injector, changes in pressure with time, the time required, and pressure patterns can be determined from the data. Using this information, differences in injector manipulation between a student nurse and a nurse can be identified, or a student nurse's mastery of the process can be determined. The principle of the pressure measurement of liquid medicine in a syringe is as follows: a tube connects the syringe and pressure transducer, so that the transducer can measure the pressure of the liquid medicine. The transducer uses is a very small, commercially available strain gauge type pressure sensor, so that pressure calibration is not required. This pressure measuring system can be applied to a simulator for injection skill training programs. It has been proven that the maximum pressure increases and the manipulation time duration decreases for the data feedback group over a number of training sessions, indicating that the developed pressure measuring system is effective for injection training.
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Ergonomic data
  • Biomechanical Analysis of Effects of Waraji-Like Footwear on Human Movement
    Kazunori HASE, Daisuke KAJI, Masayuki TOMEKI, Yousuke HIRATE, Weishi L ...
    2009 Volume 45 Issue 1 Pages 58-64
    Published: February 15, 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: October 13, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5100/jje.45.58
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    Many footwear and shoes claimed as effective tool of promoting health and rehabilitation have been invented. However, there is little evidence found in many cases. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically investigate the effect of footwear invented by inspiration from waraji (Japanese traditional sandal) and claimed to contribute to foot health. Ten healthy adults were recruited as subjects. Biomechanical data with the footwear worn were compared to those with the bare feet in three types of motion : walking, quiet standing and hallux bending. Motion data were collected using a motion capture system, force plate and electromyogram. Furthermore, in order to investigate the influence of intervention by the footwear, the subjects were asked to wear it for all the one month. After the intervention, the same experiments were conducted. The experimental results showed that the investigated footwear had positive effect of increasing the driving force of the ground reaction force, shortening of the trajectory length of the center of pressure, etc. These effects may be caused by the contact stimulation to the skin between foot fingers.
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