It is well known that the r>arasite, E. tenella, localizes in the epithelium of the cecalrouches in the chicken, but is found rarelv in other rarts of the digestive tract.There is, however, little information in rezard to this roint>so that the presentobservations were carried out in order to zet further evidence regarding to the organ specificity of the infection of E. tenella, with the following results :l. According to the preliminary observations on passage of ingesta throughthe tract with markers (charcoal or Lycopodium used), it was found that some ofthe feed first ingested reached the entrance of the ceca within about 1 hour afterfeeding and one part could be slightly detected in the cecal lumen within 2 hoursand more markedly about 3 hours later. It required about 2 -3 days for the disap-pearance of the marker, which had entered into the ceca, from the cecal contentsor droppings up to the undetectable level.2. As the mechanism for the evacuation of cecal contents is unknown, obser-vations were carried out on chickens kept under the normal condition in thelaboratory with natural light and the report by HERRICK et al. (1947) was confirmed.The following results were obtained : a) the average daily droppings of cecalpassage by chickens were 3 -4, but no cecal droppings during the night from thesleeping time (7 -8 p.m.) to natural awakening the next morning (4 -5 a.m.).Two peaks, morning (5 -7 a.m.) and afternoon (3 -7 p.m.), appeared in the cecalevacuations without the effects due to the administration of food and water.The morning peak was more abrupt, but the afternoon peak was larger and moresluzuish. On the contrarv to the cecal dror>rinzs, the intestinal were alwavsevacuated throughout the day and night, indicating no definite peak of passage.Further attempts were carried out to ascertain the possible eflects of naturallight and the body movement of the chicken on the passage of both cecal andintestinal droppings. In the the case of the chickens deprived of natural light bykeeping them in a dark room, no cecal droppings passed during the day and night.On the other hand, in the case of the chickens kept in a cage with normal naturallight but allowing only the head and neck to be free for the purpose of suppress-ing the movement of the whole body, with such a posture as that when beeingasleep, the intestinal droppings but not t From these results it was suggested that the organ specificity of the infectionof E. tenella in the chicken might be, essentially, rather dependent upon the closeaffinity that exists between the host cell and the parasite, than to the characteristiccontents of the ceca and its retention there, though the lattter factors do notnecessarily mean that they play no role in the infection as discussed before.However, it seemed probably that the lower part if the intestine and rectum, seemingly less suitable for the growth of the coccidia, significantly changed inorder to become suited for its development under certain conditions. The mechanismfor the specificity and the change of the parasitic distribution remains unknown andawaits a solution by the further experimental evidence.

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In the present paper studies were made to inv<pstigate the mesenchymal or con-.< nective tissue haematopoiesis with some observations in reference to the formationof Iymphocytes in the lymphatic tissues, i. e. the thymus and Nymph nodes, and tosupplement the studies on the intra-embryonic haematopoiesis of the cattle foetusin connection with the previous papers.The results obtained are summerized as follows :1) In the 9 am foetus, the smallest of the materials used, the appearance oflymphocytes in the thymus is clearly noted.In the 14 cm foetus, the Nymph nodes -superficial cervical and popliteal node-which could not be observed in younger foetuses, presented, already, the appea-rance of lymphocytes.2) In foetuses ranging from 24.5 to 58 cm, the haematopoietic foci composedof granulocytes, and partially of erythroblasts, are observed in the interstitial con-nective tissue of the thymus, especially they could be observed more clearly in theolder foetuses in which granulocytes are also found in the parenchyma.3) Using the superficial cervical and the popliteal nodes of foetuses rangingfrom 14 to 25 cm and the hepatic node of those ranging from 28 to 58 cm, thehaematopoietic foci composed of granulocytes, partially of megakaryocytes and ery-throblasts, are observed clearly in the hilus connective tissue and the parenchymaof the older foetuses.4) The haematopoietic foci of erythroblasts are observed in the followingtiessues : the adrenal medu11a= and capsule, the renal stroma, the pancreatic con-nective tissue, and the juxta-femoral connective tissue in 9 am foetus, and the con-nective tissue near the fourth thoracic vertebra in 6.7 cm foetus.5) In regard to the time of the first appearance of lymphocytes in the thymusand Nymph nodes, further studies on the younger foetuses are to be recommen-ded. Since many authors report in regard to haematopoiesis of other mammalsin many sites where the mesenchymal or connective tissue haematopoiesis is found, it is necessary to study more extensively the cattle foetus in regard

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As has already been reported, endemic goiter is prevalent among farm animalsin Nagano prefecture. The correlation of disease of farm animals and human beingswith rats seemes to be closed. In the present study, on the basis of these findings, histopathological observations were made on the thyroid glands of rats obtained inNagano prefecture. Moreover, the results were compared with the findings on thoseexamined in Toyama prefecture. Eleven rats (7?. rattus) and 4 mice (Mus molos-sinus) from Nagano prefecture, and 17 rats (R. rattus) and one mouse (Musmolossinus) obtained in Toyama, were used for this purpose as materials.The glands are classified by the characteristic features of acini, and the mainresults are summerized as follows :Type 1 (normal gland) : The follicicles are fairly uniform in size (30 to 50micron in diameter) and lined by uniform, low cuboidal cells. Twelve glands of thistype (66.7 per cent) were obtained in Toyama prefecture and 9 (60.0 per cent) inNagano.Type 2 (so-called "the thyroid gland in regions of endemic goiter") (almostnormalType 4 (glands present a solid mass made up of small follicles) : The acinarcavity are narrowed into a rectangular form with deeply stained nuclei. The cot-loid is abundant or pale. One case (5.5 per cent) was found in Toyama prefecture, and 2 cases (13.3 per cent) in Nagano.Type 5 (parenchymatous goiter) : The follicular epithelium varies from alow cuboidal to a high colmnar. The parenchyma cells increase in number tilltheyfrom a papillary proliferation in the acinar cavity. They are usually irregular inshape, and these nuclei are oval or spherical. The acini average from 45 to 105microns in diameter. The colloid is small or absent. Type 5 was one (6.7 per cent)of the 15 cases in Nagano prefecture.The result of this examination may be noteworthy. In place of the suspended cell culture method used bv most investizators in therast, ENDERS and his co-workers r>lasma-clot culture-method was used. Using thesvnthetic medium No. 199, containinz horse serum, roller tube culture of spleenand kidney tissues were undertaken.Hog cholera virus was first injected into and then cultivated in the tissue cultureand then transfered into another one. Tissue culture of the lVIiyazaki strain of 9rassaues and the ALD strain of 4 rassazes were infected into the swine. On the12th passage of the lVIiyazaki strain, infective fiter was also determined.From the results of clinical findings, percentage of leucocytes, anatomical viewsand bacteriological examination, it was confirmed that the pathogen which producedthe disease in all the pigs tested and which caused their deaths, was hog choleravirus descended from the one used for inoculation. The infective fiter was a dilu-lion of 10 It stood 10 days in Miyazaki strain and 17 days in ALD strain asa course of disease. This fact seemed strange, because it is characteristic that thecourse of the disease is longer in the Miyazaki strain than in the ALD strain whenfresh, natural blood virus is injected. If the prolongation of the course in the ALD strain means the decrease of virulence, it may be considered that the Miyazakistrain is more suitable to the tissue culture than the ALD strain. In the groupof dilution 10- in the infeetive Liter test, febrile reaction appeared normal betweenthe 8th to 17th day of the disease and was supposed to recover and resist, but itwas followed by a secondary rising of fever and death on the 34 th to 37 th dayof the disease.It was uncertain whether the fact was caused as a result of the chronic course9of the disease owing to a dilute virus or whether it was caused by other, secondaryreasons. But, the characteristic changes indused by chronic hog cholera wererecognized. on autopsy, and the bacteriological examination was negative. Fromthese facts it was considered that the death was caused by hog cholera virus. [the rest omitted]

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In place of the suspended cell culture method used bv most investizators in therast, ENDERS and his co-workers r>lasma-clot culture-method was used. Using thesvnthetic medium No. 199, containinz horse serum, roller tube culture of spleenand kidney tissues were undertaken.Hog cholera virus was first injected into and then cultivated in the tissue cultureand then transfered into another one. Tissue culture of the lVIiyazaki strain of 9rassaues and the ALD strain of 4 rassazes were infected into the swine. On the12th passage of the lVIiyazaki strain, infective fiter was also determined.From the results of clinical findings, percentage of leucocytes, anatomical viewsand bacteriological examination, it was confirmed that the pathogen which producedthe disease in all the pigs tested and which caused their deaths, was hog choleravirus descended from the one used for inoculation. The infective fiter was a dilu-lion of 10 It stood 10 days in Miyazaki strain and 17 days in ALD strain asa course of disease. This fact seemed strange, because it is characteristic that thecourse of the disease is longer in the Miyazaki strain than in the ALD strain whenfresh, natural blood virus is injected. If the prolongation of the course in the ALDstrain means the decrease of virulence, it may be considered that the Miyazakistrain is more suitable to the tissue culture than the ALD strain. In the groupof dilution 10- in the infeetive Liter test, febrile reaction appeared normal betweenthe 8th to 17th day of the disease and was supposed to recover and resist, but itwas followed by a secondary rising of fever and death on the 34 th to 37 th dayof the disease.It was uncertain whether the fact was caused as a result of the chronic course9of the disease owing to a dilute virus or whether it was caused by other, secondaryreasons. But, the characteristic changes indused by chronic hog cholera wererecognized. on autopsy, and the bacteriological examination was negative. Fromthese facts it was considered that the death was caused by hog cholera virus.Ferritin is an iron-containing protein which is stored maitnly in the marrowliver and spleen etc.. Above all, the richest source of ferritin is the reticulo-endothelial system of the horse spleen, but ferritin is not contained in the bloodof the jugular vein of the normal horse.On the other hand, it was found by means of a new complement fixationtest" that free ferritin was contained in the blood of the jugular vein of theanemia infected horse.Therefore, first of all, the proving for the new methed of the complementfixation test on the free ferritin in horse serum was tne result of this study.The results are summarized as follows :(1 ) This complement fixation test is a new method for the identificationof the antigen, that is, the free ferritin in the anemia infected horse serumthrough the use of the known rabbit antiserum for crystallizable horse spleenferritin as shown in Table 1.Especially, the antiserum was heated at 65 C for 30 minutes and the titerof 2 units was used. The antigen was prepared by the following method :At first horse serum was heated at 80C -85C for 5 -TO minutes. Then, the coagulum was stirred with a glass-rod and was then separated at 4000 r. p. m.for 20 minutes. The supernatant was used as the antigen.By this procedure the anticomplemental property, the non-specific comple-mental fixative property, and the suppressible property to the reaction werenearly removed and the specific antigen, that is, the free ferritin in the horseserum was extracted. -(Cf. Table 6).(2 ) The result of the complement fixation test with the use of the antigenextracted from an infectious anemia horse serum and the known rabbit antiserumis shown by the two dimension method in table 3. [the rest omitted]

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