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Ryoichi TSUKUDA, Akio SHINO, Shoji YAMAUCHI
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
235-243
Published: April 15, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Light and electron microscopic morphometry was performed on the parathyroid (PT) glands of the SHC rats with naturally occurring chronic renal failure. Macroscopically, the PT glands were distinctively hypertrophied in 24-week-old male SHC rats when compared with the corresponding controls, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Light microscopic morphometry on consecutive sections of the PT glands showed that the volume was about 3 times greater in the SHC rats, whereas there was no difference in the size of the chief cells. Mitoses were often found in the PT glands of the SHC rats. The total number of mitoses was about 8.5 times greater in the SHC rats, and was closely related to the volume of the PT glands. Ultrastructural morphometry of the chief cells revealed an increase in the cell surface area by the interdigitation of the plasma membrane and increases in the volume of mitochondria and Golgi complex. Secretory granules sometimes existed close to the cell surface in the SHC rats, but not in the SD rats. These results suggest that the PT glands of the SHC rats are hyperplastic mainly because of the proliferation of the chief cells. Concurrently, an increase in volume of the cell organelles suggests enhanced secretion activity in the chief cells.
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Mitsuyuki SHIRAI, Kazuyoshi ARISHIMA, Masako YAMAMOTO, Yasuhiro UEDA, ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
244-250
Published: April 15, 1989
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Hypothalamus-independent negative feedback mechanism of the pituitary-thyroid axis was studied by electron microscopic observation of thyroid follicular cells of encephalectomized or hypophysectomized fetal rats under hypothyroidism induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). Fetal hypophysectomy or encephalectomy was performed on day 19 of gestation. Mother rats were given either a daily amount of 40 mg PTU or saline alone on the day of operation and on the next day. On day 21, their fetuses were obtained. As a result, PTU induced marked goiters even in encephalectomized fetuses, the goiters being comparable in weight to those induced in littermate intact fetuses. Electron microscopically, the follicular lumen was narrowed, microvilli were lengthened with a marked increase in number, and rER was extremely expanded. Follicular cells often confined colloid droplets and lysosomes. Fetal hypophysectomy, even in PTU-treatment, caused a reduction in the thyroid weight, accompanied by flattening of follicular cells, shortening of microvilli, widening of follicular lumen, and shrinkage of rER. These findings would support the view that the negative feedback mechanism of the pituitary-thyroid axis can operate without the hypothalamus in fetal rats.
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Motoo MATSUDA
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
251-256
Published: April 15, 1989
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Fractionation of nuclear extracts of mouse embryoid bodies (EBs; OTT6050) on sucrose gradients (5-20%) under conditions of physiological ionic strength (150 mM NaCl, 1mM MgCl
2) and an analysis of the RNA in various fractions by gel electrophoresis revealed that the major U small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (U-snRNPs; U1a, U1b, U2, U4, U5 and U6-snRNPs) sediment over a wide region of the gradient, although they sediment preponderantly in the light region of the gradient. This result suggests that, under these experimental conditions, some of the populations of snRNPs exist as free particles separated from large nuclear RNP particles, while some of the populations associate with them in EBs. Furthermore, all species of these major U-snRNPs appear to associate with the larger nuclear RNP particles of EBs, since all these species sediment in the heavier fractions (approximate≥60S) of the 15-40%/50% gradients. The relative abundance of the various species of major U-snRNPs can also be observed to vary among the fractions of the gradients. A similar analysis of the post-mitochondrial cytoplasmid fraction showed that some leakage of the major U-snRNPs, but not the selective leakage of any particular species of U-snRNP, from the nuclear fraction, occurred during aqueous fractionation of the cells. Some species of RNA, larger than the snRNAs U1a/b and U2 respectively were also detected in the cytoplasmic fraction.
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Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Toshimitsu SHIMIZU, Noriko OHARA, Yuko SHIBA, Toshi ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
257-263
Published: April 15, 1989
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Studies were made on the number of sperms required for fertilization of ova ovulated from the bilateral ovaries in bitches. The experiment was carried out with 44 female beagles, which were divided into four groups of seven to eleven bitches each. The four groups were inseminated with, 40×10
6 sperms/0.2 ml, 20×10
6 sperms/0.1 ml, 10×10
6 sperms/0.1 ml, and 3-5×10
6 sperms/0.1 ml, respectively. All the bitches were laparotomized at an optimum time for mating and inseminated at the tip of the horn of an unilateral uterus. In the four groups conception took place at a rate of 7/7, 8/8, 10/11, and 2/7, respectively. The number of puppies exceeded the number of ova ovulated on the inseminated side at a rate of 5/7, 6/8, 0/10, and 0/2 in the four groups, respectively. Therefore, it was clarified that when more than 20×10
6 sperms/0.1 ml were inseminated in the ipsilateral uterine horn, ova ovulated on the contralateral side were fertilized also. Then a unilateral ovary was ovariectomized in 11 bitches, which were inseminated with 10×10
6 sperms/0.1 ml in the ipsilateral uterine horn. As a result, only one bitch became conceptive and gave birth to only one puppy. From these results, it was considered that 10×10
6 sperms/0:1 ml may be most adequate for the ova on the side of insemination alone to be fertilized.
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Masami MOCHIZUKI, Shin-ichiro KONISHI, Masayuki AJIKI, Takao AKABOSHI
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
264-272
Published: April 15, 1989
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Four monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against a feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) TU 1 strain, one of the host range variants of feline parvovirus (FPV), were produced and applied for antigenic analysis of FPLV, canine parvovirus (CPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV). All mAbs were considered to be directed at epitopes on the virus capsid surface because they neutralized the infectivity and inhibited the hemagglutination (HA) of the homologous virus as well as other FPV strains. They were of the mouse IgG1 type. High antigenic homogeneity among FPLV strains was confirmed by HA-inhibition (HI) test with the mAbs and polyclonal immune sera against FPLV or CPV. But the TU 11 strain of FPLV was antigenically distinguished from the remaining 14 FPLV strains by both the HI test and the micro-neutralization test with one of the mAbs produced. MEV Abashiri strain was found to be antigenically indistinguishable from FPLV. Most of the CPV strains isolated after 1981 were considered to be antigenically different from earlier CPV isolates when some mAbs were applied in the serological tests, confirming the replacement of CPV by an antigenic variant in Japan. However, antigenically different CPVs were detected at the end of 1984 from unrelated epizootics occurred a month apart in the same area.
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Kazuyuki SHIMONO, Ken-ichi KANEKO, Hideki HAYASHIDANI, Masuo OGAWA
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
273-277
Published: April 15, 1989
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Fecal immunoglobulin-A (IgA) antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O3 strain were detected in the mice orally immunized with formalin-killed organisms. Y. enterocolitica O3 organisms were inhibited to colonize in the intestines of the mice producing fecal IgA. The fecal IgA antibodies were detectdd in the mice orally infected with the bacteria. When IgA was produced in the mice infected, they ceased shedding the organisms in their feces.
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Masahiro TAGAWA, Toshinori SAKO, Hiroyasu EJIMA, Kazuo KUROKAWA, Hirom ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
278-283
Published: April 15, 1989
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In order to examine the change in adrenocortical responses with age in dogs, 36 healthy beagle dogs were divided by age into 6 groups and were treated with ketamine or thiopental. The plasma cortisol concentrations were determined before and after the treatment. The concentrations prior to the induction of anesthesia were 2.23±0.44 μg/dl (mean±SD) in pups (2 to 3 months old), 4.35±2.04 μg/dl in adults (2 years old), and 3.40±1.25 μg/dl in aged dogs (8 to 10 years old). This result indicated the following order of plasma cortisol levels in dogs: pups < aged dogs < adults. The plasma cortisol concentrations after ketamine administration tended to increase. This suggested that the adrenocortical function in the dog was stimulated by ketamine. In the ketamine treated dogs, significant differences were demonstrated among the age groups. Namely, a significantly lower responce was noted in pups compared to adults or aged dogs (p<0.001). On the other hand, the plasma cortisol levels after the thiopental treatment showed a temporary slight increase in aged dogs but tended to decrease in pups and adults. Thiopental was found to have a suppressive effect on the adrenocortical function in dogs in contrast to ketamine.
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Shigeyoshi NAGASAWA, Harumichi YAMANAKA, Yoshiko MOTOI, Toshiyuki ISHI ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
284-293
Published: April 15, 1989
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Isoprothiolane was administered continuously of various doses to heifers with liver lesions induced by carbon tetrachloride, to determine the effect of the drug on blood components, enzymatic activities, and liver microsome functions. After injection of carbon tetrachloride, a decrease in the number of RBC and an increase in the number of WBC were temporarily observed, with few variations during the experiment. The content of total lipids, phospholipids and triglyceride in the plasma was higher in the animals treated with isoprothiolane of a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight than in the non-treated ones. Isoprothiolane of a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg tended to increase the content of protein in the liver, and markedly depressed the increase of GOT, arginine, γ-GTP and ICDH activity induced by carbon tetrachloride. Isoprothiolane did not promote the activity of the demethylase and hydroxylase in liver microsomes but it promoted the formation of cytochrome P-450 and b
5 whose contents in the animals treated with isoprothiolane of a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg were about twice as high as those in the non-treated animals. As for the composition of fatty acids in the microsomes, the content of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid was high in the isoprothiolane-treated heifers. Based on those observations, it is considered that isoprothiolane may alleviate the deleterious effects of carbon tetrachloride, protect the liver cells, and activate the lipid metabolism including the unsaturation of fatty acids, as well as the metabolism of protein.
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Toru FUJINAGA, Mitsuru YAMASHITA, Michihiro C. YOSHIDA, Shinya MIZUNO, ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
294-299
Published: April 15, 1989
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The chromosomal banding patterns of canine normal chromosome were analyzed by G-, Q-, C- and N-banding techniques. The chromosomes of canine normal lymphocytes consisted of 38 acrocentric autosome pairs and X-, Y-metacentric sex chromosomes. Their G- and Q-banding patterns corresponded to the those reported by Manolache et al. in 1976. C-bands of chromosomes were found on the centromeric regions of the 7th, 26th, 34th, 35th, 37th and 38th pairs of chromosomes. In addition, N-bands whose location had not been confirmed until now were recognized on the telomitic regions of the 7th, 9th and 22nd pairs of chromosomes.
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Hiroshi TSUNEMITSU, Mitsugu SHIMIZU, Tsunao HIRAI, Hiromi YONEMICHI, T ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
300-308
Published: April 15, 1989
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Three pregnant cows were inoculated intramuscularly with inactivated vaccine to bovine rotavirus (BRV) serotype 1 (BRV-1) and serotype 2 (BRV-2). Serum neutralizing antibody (NA) titers against both serotypes increased significantly after immunization. NA titers of colostrum obtained from immunized cows against BRV-1 and BRV-2 were 29286 and 38109, respectively, which were significantly higher than those from non-immunized control cows. Nine and 6 colostrum deprived calves were orally challenged with BRV-1 and BRV-2, respectively, and monitored for clinical manifestation and viral shedding. Five calves of them, 3 with BRV-1 and 2 with BRV-2, received 2 l of milk replacer supplemented with 10% immune colostrum 2 hr before challenge and twice daily for the first 5 days after challenge. Other 10 calves, 6 with BRV-1 and 4 with BRV-2, were fed only milk replacer as controls. All control calves developed severe diarrhea and shed a large amount of BRV in feces, beginning from 24 to 48 hr after challenge inoculation. On the contrary, all calves but one fed colostrum supplement remained clinically healthy after challenge, and BRV was not detected in their feces during feeding immune colostrum. The possibility that continuous feeding of immune colostrum is capable of preventing newborn calves from diarrhea associated with BRV and viral shedding was suggested.
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Kiyoshi MIYAZAWA, Isamu TOMODA
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
309-314
Published: April 15, 1989
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the immunological difference between intestinal, liver, kidney, bone, placental and serum alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) in cattle. Kidney, bone and placental ALPs were purified from each tissue by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatographies, and intestinal, liver, and placental ALPs were obtained from a commercial source. The antibody to each tissue ALP was prepared by immunizing rabbits and tested by double immunodiffusion analysis in cross reactivities. The results indicated that the bovine tissue ALPs are divided into four groups in antigenicity, that is, intestinal, bone, liver and kidney-placental ALPs. The fetus, calf and cow sera contained bone ALP, and calf and cow sera also contained kidney or placental ALP, but all of the sera did not contain intestinal and liver ALP.
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Tamotsu TOMIMURA, Hiromu SUGIYAMA, Masaharu YOKOTA
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
315-326
Published: April 15, 1989
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During the period from September 1985 to March 1988, the freshwater snails, Semisulcospira libertina, were collected from 4 mountain rivers in Ayama County of Mie Prefecture, which is known as a heavily infected locality with Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) Braun, 1899, and were examined for cercariae and rediae of this lung fluke. Of 3, 000 snails studied, 80 (2.67%) harbored Paragonimus larvae. The infected snails were found at 3 sites in the Nishitani (A), Nenobi (B), and Higashitani (C) rivers. The infection rate of Paragonimus cercariae at these sites varied from 0.13 to 6.08%. The highest incidence (6.08%) of cercarial infection occurred at site A (Nishitani river), where the prevalence and intensity of infection with P. westermani metacercariae were considerably greater in the 2nd intermediate host crabs. No Paragonimus cercaria was observed in 776 snails collected at site D (Taki river), where the incidence and degree of metacercarial infection in crabs were quite small. There was a positive correlation between the infection incidence of P. westermani and the size of S. libertina; the percentage of infected snails increased in larger size classes, reaching 24.14% at a shell length of over 40 mm. In the 80 positive snails there were 51 mixed infections with P. westermani and 1 or 2 other species of trematode larvae. Of these, 43 were double infections and 8 triple. The morphological features of P. westermani cercaria and redia are described.
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Natsumi HASHIMOTO, Toshiaki ODA, Koichi KADOTA
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
327-336
Published: April 15, 1989
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Malignant mesotheliomas of two Holstein cows were examined by light and electron microscopy. These tumours were derived from peritoneal surfaces and were of biphasic type composed of mesothelial lining cells and submesothelial mesenchymal cells. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic mesothelial cells were characterized by intermediate filaments, microvilli, desmosomes, tight junctions and basal laminae. The neoplastic submesothelial cells were closely associated with collagen filaments and some cells had several resemblance to the neoplastic mesothelial cells. The ultrastructural features of the mesotheliomas are discussed in comparison with those of adenocarcinomas and fibroblastic neoplasms. In one case a malignant granulosa cell tumour involved the left ovary and its morphology was apparently different from that of the mesothelioma. Multiple primary tumours are uncommon in cattle.
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Hisao YASUHARA, Osamu MATSUI, Tadashi HIRAHARA, Toshiaki OHGITANI, Mas ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
337-344
Published: April 15, 1989
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A small DNA virus was isolated from the feces of a sow with diarrhea and identified as a parvovirus on the basis of its properties. The virus replicated preferentially in cell cultures of swine origin, including primary porcine thyroid gland and kidney cell cultures in which the cytopathic effect developed. The virus agglutinated erythrocytes of guinea pig, mouse and human group O but not these of chicken. The growth of the virus was inhibited by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. The virus was resistant to ether and heating at 56°C for 30 min and stable at pH 3.0. The buoyant density of the infectious particles was 1.40 g/ml in CsCl density gradient, and the virions were 27 nm in diameter by electron microscopy. The viral protein seemed to be separated into four polypeptides with molecular weights of 81k, 70k, 66k and 62k daltons respectively. Cross serum neutralization test demonstrated that the virus was antigenically different from porcine parvovirus as well as bovine and canine parvoviruses. These findings and the survey on neutralizing antibody distribution indicated indirectly that another parvovirus which could be antigenically distinguished from well-known porcine parvovirus had been widespread among swine in Japan.
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Miyuki HAMADA, Toshihumi OYAMADA, Hiroyasu YOSHIKAWA, Takashi YOSHIKAW ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
345-351
Published: April 15, 1989
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Esophageal papillomas naturally occurring in 35 cattle were examined by light and electron microscopy. The characteristic histological lesions noted were acanthosis and parakeratosis of the mucous membrane with formation of basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in cells of the stratum corneum. Electron microscopically, viral particles were observed in the strata spinosum and corneum, and larger aggregations of viral particles appeared to correspond to the histological inclusions. The virus particles had a hexagonal profile, measured 35-40 nm in diameter and were arranged in crystalline arrays in some nuclei. The viral particles had morphologic characteristics indistinguishable from those of other papilloma viruses. The inclusions were stained positively by immunohistochemical methods using anti-bovine papilloma virus serum.
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Naohiko KAWAGUCHI, Shin WAKUI, Masao ASARI, Yutaka KANO
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
352-358
Published: April 15, 1989
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The arrangement of subepithelial elastic fibers in the bovine gastic mucosa was studicd by light and electron microscopy, with special reference to the elastic architecture of the cornified papillae. A common feature of their arrangement was that the fibers, derived from the elastic plexus in the deep layer of the lamina propria, extend perpendicularly toward the epithelium giving off the slender branches that end at the epithelial basement membrane. The connecting branches were observed electron microscopically in the form of oxytalan or slender elaunin fibers. The high frequency of fibers was found in the mucosa of the upper part of the ruminal atrium, the ruminal pillars, the reticular cristae and two kinds of cornified unguiculiform and omasal papillae. Each papilla consisted of the core of three-dimensional elastic network and numerous connecting-twigs arising from the superficial points of the network. The mucosae of the ruminal sacs, the floor of the reticular cells and the abomasum except the pyloric part were relatively poor in elastic fibers. These results suggest that the variation in fiber-arrangement may be relevant to the condition of mechanical stress inflicting on the gastric innersurface.
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Kazuyoshi KAWAHARA, Masahiko ASANO, Toyotsugu NAKAI, Katsumi KUME, Hir ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
359-363
Published: April 15, 1989
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Antibiotic susceptibility of 129 isolates of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae was examined. All the strains were isolated in 1974 to 1986 from the nasal cavities of swine housed on 35 farms in 11 prefectures of Japan. All 28 strains of serotype 2 isolated before 1984 were susceptible to 10 antibiotics used. In contrast, more than one-half of 79 strains of serotype 2 isolated in 1985 and 1986 were resistant to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, tylosin and carbadox, and most of them showed multiple drug resistance. All the 22 strains of serotype 5 were isolated only in 1985 and 1986, and almost all the isolates were susceptible to the antibiotics used in this study. Distribution of minimal inhibitory concentration of serotype 2 strains were bimodal to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, or tylosin. The present results showed that the number of antibiotic resistant strains of A. pleuropneumoniae has increased recently in Japan.
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Tom B. VREE, Monika L. VREE, Eleonora W. J. BENEKEN KOLMER, Yechiel A. ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
364-368
Published: April 15, 1989
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The snail Cepaea hortensis O-dealkylates sulfadimethoxine at the 2- and 6-position, the 2-position being favoured. Sulfadimethoxine is also acetylated, while no measurable acetylation of the hydroxy (=demethyl) metabolites took place.
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Tom B. VREE, Monika L. VREE, Eleonora W. J. BENEKEN KOLMER, Yechiel A. ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
369-372
Published: April 15, 1989
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Sulfamonomethoxine is not O-demethylated in the snail Cepaea hortensis, but acetylated (15.2%) and oxidised (0.78%) at the 2 position of the pyrimidine nucleus.
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Yasuaki SHIMADA, Etsuji HAKOGI, Shiro ISHIDA
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
373-379
Published: April 15, 1989
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Buffer mainly consisting of 100g of sodium bicarbonate and 30g of magnesium oxide was added to the feed per head per day and given for 8 months to groups of 92 cows of milk fat depression. Milk fat increased from 3.06% (pre-treatment) to 3.68% at 4 months and 3.71% at 8 months post-treatment. Solids-not-fat was slightly increased by the buffers. Milk production was not affected.The number of rumen protozoa increased from 2.85×10
5/ml (pre-treatment) to 9.61×10
5/ml at 8 months post-treatment and the kinds of protozoa diversified. An increase of acetate and decrease of propionate were observed together with increased milk fat at 8 months post-treatment. An increase of hematocrit, lactate dehydrogenase, sodium and potassium, and a decrease of cholesterol and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in blood were recognized after the treatment. The incidence of disease was reduced. There was a significant correlation between increased milk fat percentage and increase in the number and the kinds of protozoa.
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Toshikazu SHIRAHATA, Eri KOJIMA, Hiroshi ISHIKAWA, Hitoshi GOTO
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
380-388
Published: April 15, 1989
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The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production and the cell populations participating to this production were examined in Toxoplasma-infected mice. When spleen cells from Toxoplasma-infected mice were cultured with Concanavalin A (Con A) or OK-432, a Streptococcal preparation, they produced significantly high levels of IFN-γ as compared with that of noninfected mice. Such enhanced IFN titers were observed as early as at 5 days postinfection, reached at the maximum levels on 20 days around and declined gradually thereafter. Treatment of spleen cells from the infected mice with either monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus complement or macrophage-blocking agents virtually abolished the IFN production. The spleen cells producing IFN-γ were more susceptible to the treatment with monoclonal anti-Lyt-1.2 than anti-Lyt-2.2 antibodies, suggesting that CD4
+ T cells are main producers of this lymphokine. When mice infected with Toxoplasma 10 days previously were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-known inducer of IFN-α/β, the sequential production of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ was induced in their circulation.
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Yukio YAGI, Susumu FURUUCHI, Hideyuki TAKAHASHI, Hiroyuki KOYAMA
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
389-395
Published: April 15, 1989
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The osmotic fragility and the surface structure of erythrocytes obtained from 3 calves infected with Theileria sergenti and from 3 phlebotomized ones were compared. As the parasitemia progressed, the osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes significantly increased in the infected calves. Particularly the hemolysis ratio in the isotonic area (21.5-94.1%) obviously increased. On the other hand, the percentage of parasitized cells in the erythrocytes did not show so much high values (16.1-21.3%). Similar phenomenon was found in each different percentage of erythrocytes suspension which was separated from density gradient centrifugation. No significant difference in the serum osmotic pressure between the infected calves and the phlebotomized calves was found. By scanning microscopy, the erythrocytes of infected calves, which were collected at the crisis period of parasitemia, were almost completely deformed and showed echinocyte form. Moreover, the appearance ratio of echinocyte form in the erythrocytes population was superior to the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes. Similar membranous alterations were also observed in the erythrocytes of grazing cattle in the crisis period of the theileriosis. It was proven that abnormality of osmotic fragility and morphological disorders of erythrocytes occurred not only in parasitized erythrocytes but also in non-parasitized ones in T. sergenti parasitemia.
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Takashi SATO, Makoto WASHIZU, Kunito KOBAYASHI, Kazunori MISAKA, Tarou ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
396-402
Published: April 15, 1989
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The arrhythmogenicity of dopamine, its effects on cardiac function, hemodynamics, and diuresis under halothane anesthesia were evaluated in dogs. The induction time of arrhythemias and the effect of arrhythmias on cardiac function, hemodynamics, and diuresis were determined after infusion of dopamine for 30-min period at increasing doses of 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 μg/kg/min. The results were as follows. 1. Arrhythmia induction percentage was 28.6% at 5 μg/kg/min, 42.9% at 7 μg/kg/min, 25% at 10 μg/kg/min, and 41.7% at 15 μg/kg/min. The induction time of arrhythemias (sec) was 459 at 5 μg/kg/min, 332 at 7 μg/kg/min, 152 at 10 μg/kg/min, and 279 at 15 μg/kg/min. No arrhythmias were present at 3 μg/kg/min. 2. Heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption was increased in the arrhythmia-induced group compared to the non-arrhythmia-induced group. 3. Myocardial contractility, mean aortic pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and diuresis increased dose-dependently in the non-arrhythmia-induced group; however, these measures were increased in the arrhythmia-induced group without regard to dose.
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Motoshi TAJIMA, Toru FUJINAGA, Kanjyuro OTOMO, Toshio KOIKE
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
403-407
Published: April 15, 1989
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The inhibitory effects of colchicine, vinblastine and cytochalasin D on blastogenic responses of equine, bovine and canine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were investigated. These drugs inhibited blastogenic responses of each PBL. The concentrations for 50% recovery in PBL blastogenic response of colchicine and vinblastine were lower in equine and canine PBL than in bovine PBL. This suggested that microtubules may be more concerned in blastogenic response of equine and canine PBL than of bovine PBL. On the other hand, the concentration for 50% recovery in PBL blastogenic response of cytochalasin D was almost the same in the PBL of each animal. This meant that microfilaments made only a small contribution to the lymphocyte blastogenic response.
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Toru MIYAMOTO, Norio KATOH, Yoshiko MOTOI, Tsutai OHASHI, Shigeyoshi N ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
408-415
Published: April 15, 1989
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Retinol transport system in cattle was investigated, followed by the purification and characterization of bovine serum retinol-binding protein (RBP). Gel filtration of serum from cow produced two retinol peaks, peak 1 and 2. The major, peak 1 having higher molecular weight corresponded to the retinol peak from human serum which consisted of RBP and prealbumin (PA). The peak 2 which was not presented in the human serum had lower molecular weight (about 20, 000). In the presence of 3.0 M urea, the peak 1 was almost disappeared and peak 2 was increased. On the other hand, in the serum from calf, major retinol peak was corresponded to the peak 2 from cow. These results suggested that, in cow, retinol was transported by the complex of RBP and another protein, presumably PA, but in calf, mainly by RBP alone. Purification of bovine RBP was carried out by using four chromatographic steps as follows; 1. DEAE-cellulose (pH 6.0), 2. Sephadex G-100 (using the buffer containing 3.0 M urea), 3. DEAE-cellulose (pH 8.3), 4. Sephadex G-100. From 1, 100 ml of serum, 14.1 mg of bovine RBP was finally obtained and the overall recovery was estimated to be about 32%. Its molecular weight, ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectra, electrophoretic mobility, and amino acid composition were similar to those of other species.
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Noboru FUJIKAKE, Hirofumi TOGASHI, Masako YAMAMOTO, Kazuyoshi ARISHIMA ...
1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
416-424
Published: April 15, 1989
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The gubernaculum consists of the gubernacular cord connected with the vas deferens and the gubernacular bulb connected with the retroabdominal wall. The cord was first distinguished on day 15 of gestation. Its length reached the peak on day 16, followed by a reduction until day 18 to be almost constant thereafter. The bulb was first distinguished on day 16, and its length was steadily increased toward term. The testis began to descend with a reduced length of the cord. By day 19, the testis descended close to the caudal part of the bulb by the sharp bending of the cord. Microscopically, the bulb consisted at first of a centrally located mesenchymal mass and of a covering layer of myoblasts. Thereafter, the mesenchymal mass was gradually shifted toward the cranial part of the bulb, trailing loose mesenchymal tissue in the caudal part of the bulb. On day 19, the mass was decreased in cell population but increased in amount of collagen fibers. It is suggested that the testicular descent starts on day 16 together with the commencement of shortening of the gubernacular cord and enlargement of the gubernacular bulb.
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1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
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1989 Volume 51 Issue 2 Pages
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