The topographical anatomy and the cytoarcl?itecture of tlte superior cervical ganglionwere described and illustrated in detail on tlte basis of sttudies on 26 fowls. The resultsobtained are summarized in the following table and plates.l. The superior cervical ganglion was surrounded by the glossopharyngeal andvagus nerves ancl the internal carotid artery. It was related to these nerves through 17nerve brarnches. The glossopharyngeal nerve then passed through cranial one-fifth toone-sixth of the ganglion (Figs. l, 3, and 4).2. The ganglion consisted morphologically of not only one kind of ganglion cells.but two other kinds of ganglion cells. Tl?ese cells were classified into large, intermediate, and small cells on tlae basis of size and Nissl bodies (Figs. 2 ar?d 5 to 10).3. All the ganglion cells were counted in every second section. The numbers ofcells in three fowl breeds are shown in Table I. When tlrey were tripled to include thenumbers of cells in the interveninc sections the total numbers of c"ancloin cells in theb7.5bthree breeds were 7, 965, 9, 132, and 10, 923, respectively.

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[in Japanese]

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Caffeine was examined for influence upon the spontaneous motor activity in isolatedmice in relation to its doping effect by means of an electronic activity level counter(Natsume Seisakusho Co., Ltd.)") (Fig. l).The subjects used had been chosen at randoxn from among 8-week-old male miceweighing 20 to 31 g (80% variance of body weight; this range was estimated from anexperiment with 724 male mice.) of a closed colony of the ddY-F strain. Individual micewere used twice, or at 8 and 9 weeks of age, as control and test animals, respectively.Based upon the LD in isolated mice estimated prior to the experiment, caffeine50was given subcutaneously at single doses of l mg/kg (l /256 of LD..), 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 129, and l93mg/kg (3/4 of LD, .) in the form of caffeine and sodium benzoate whichcontained 9.48 or 9.90% of caffeine. Solutions of the same concentrations of sodiumbenzoate as those of the drug solutions served as controls.Measurements were made on five isolated mice for each dose. The spontaneousmotor activity was recorded for 30 minutes after a mouse had been first placed in themeasure cage without lll} treatment. Subsequently, the mouse was replaced in this cageafter having been removed for subcutaneous injection with the control or test drug.Then the spontaneous motor activity was recorded for 3 luours (room temperature:23.2+l.OC; humidity: 46.0-Hl0.4%). Behavior was also observed during the period ofrecording. The results obtained are summarized as follows.l. The LD.. of caffeine in isolated mice (8 weeks of age) calculated by Finneysgraphic approximate methods) was 257 mg/l<g by the subcutaneous route, and its 95%confidence lirait ranged from 247 to 267 mg/kg (Fig. 3).2. An appreciable increase occurred in spontaneous motor activity at as srnall adose as l mg/kg and a peak activity appeared within l hour after administration witha dose of over 2 mg/kg of caffeine. There was a progressive increase in spontaneous motoractivity with arz irncrease in dose of caffeine up to 16 mg/kg. The highest activity These results lend a positive pharmacological support to the marked doping effectof caffeine5). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the "load cell for the strain gaugesystem" was useful for finding out qualitative changes in the spontaneous motility.

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The contents of duodenum, middle part of the small intestine, terminal ileum, andrectum of 13 healthy adult dogs were sampled for qualitative and quantitative studieson bacterial flora. The results obtained are summarized as follows.l) The more backward a portion of the intestine, the higher became the totalviable bacterial count in the portion. The mean of total bacterial count was 7.6 and 9.7, as expressed in log value, in duodenal and rectal contents, respectively.13) Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium were predominant in the duodenalportion. The more backward a portion, the higher became the count of Streptococcus.The count of Streptococcus was characteristic of total viable bacteria. Both Lactobacillusand Clostridium showed a slight increase in count in any portion posterior to theduodenum.3) Enterobacteriaceae tended to increase iut count in the portions posterior to theduodenum up to the terminal ileum. The count of Bacteroides was low in the smallintestine, while it exhibited a sharp increase in the large intestine. Bifidobacteriumtended to increase in count both in the posterior portion of the small intestine and inthe large intestine.4) Staphylococcus and yeasts were found rather infrequently or in relatively Sllllllnumbers. Neither of them was regarded as a resident. Veillonella was not found inany case studied.5) The predominant bacterial groups in tlte rectal content were Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Bacteroides.6) There were individual variations in count among predominant groups orbacteria found in various portions of the intestine. These variations were especiallydistinct in the anterior portion of the intestinal tract and in the count of Bifidobacterium.7) From the present studies, no definite conclusions could be drawn as to anypossible relationship of count among the predominant groups of bacteria.

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Canine oral papilloma is an infectious disease normally confined to the oral mucosa.Naturally occurring oral papilloma of dogs has proved to be experimentally transmis-sible to dogs. The strain of canine oral papilloma virus used in this work was originatedfrom a papilloma removed from a dog in Xliyazaki, Japan, in April, 1969. The diseasewas carried to the ninth generation in 30 puppies. A filtrable virus could be extractedfrom these animals. With it, growths could be reproduced in the oral mucosa of dogs.Experimentally produced canine oral papilloma had an incubation period of about5 weeks. The existence period ranged from 4to 8 weeks. Basophilic.intranuclear bodiesoccurred in a few of the large swollen cells of older lesions. These lesions usually healedspontaneously. Puppies were immune to reinfection for 3 to 4 weeks postinoculatiott.lV[ultip1e simultaneous inajections of graded doses of xzirus into the oral mucosa of youngdogs were found to gixe useful assays of canitte oral papilloma virus. The infective dose50 of a typical stock virus preparation injected in a VOIUIIIC of 0.1 ml was approximately10-3. The virus could be preserved for a long period in equal parts of glycerol andsaline, or frozen at -25C or -70C. On the basis of morphology and cellular location, it was concluded that canine oral papilloma virus was qualified for a membership ofthe papovavirus group.

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[in Japanese]

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The fluorescent antibody technique was applied to the detection of bovine theileriosisexisting in Japan. A direct fluorescent antibody technique was useful for detectingcausative protozoa of the theileriosis, or so-called small-type piroplasrrtas. Antibodycould be detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique from cattle infectedwith small-type piroplasmas. Ill both experimentally and naturally infected cattle, serum antibody titer was almost parallel to the number of parasites in erythrocytes. Ahigh antibody titer, however, persisted after recovery from the disease. Nevertheless, parasites decreased gradually in nurrnber. The gross anatomy of the course auad distribution of the N. intestiuaalis in the fowlis described and illustrated in detail on the basis of 17 complete dissections. Especially.tlae origin of the N. intestinalis, its distribution to the duodenum, cecum and cloaca, itsrelation to the Plexus celiacus and mesentericus cranialis, and its anastomosis with theN. N73gUS are discussed.

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[in Japanese]

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