For the purpose of confirming whether the canine parvovirus (CPV) has a pathogenicity to cat or not, 5 specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats and 4 conventional cats were inoculated with CPV. The SPF cats did not show any clinical signs, but the conventional cats showed marked clinical signs, such as depression, anorexia, vomiting and temporary pyrexia, and in one of the conventional cats died on the 4th day post inoculation (DPI). In hematological findings, the SPF cats showed only mild leukopenia, but the conventional cats showed severe one accompanied with neutropenia. In myelograms, a decrease of the total number of nucleated cells including myeloid and erythroid cells was observed. This was marked in the conventional cats. Pathological findings were hemorrhage on the mucosal surface at the small intestine, atrophy of the thymus, and enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Histologically, atrophy of the intestinal villus, depression of lymphatic tissues and depletion of nucleated cells at the bone marrow were observed. Moreover, intranuclear inclusion bodies were recognized in the intestine, lymphatic tissues and bone marrow. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody developed rapidly from 3 to 5 DPI and its highest titers were noted on 7 DPI. In addition, CPV were recovered from the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow and other tissues of both groups of cats autopsied within 5 DPI.

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LD₅₀, ED₅₀, and the safety margin of tetrocarcin-A (TC-A) against Babesia rodhaini (B.rodhaini) were evaluated by our method, each value obtained showing 45.7 mg/kg, 2.19 mg/kg and 20.9, respectively. Its characteristics appeared inferior to diminazene, but almost equal to quinuronium with respect to safety.

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A total of 10 cases of ovarian quiescent heifers were assigned to 4 treatment groups. Heifers of Group I(n=3), II(n=3), III(n=3) and IV(n=1) were treated with a single intramuscular (IM) injection of 100μg, double IM injections of 100μg at 1 hr interval, single IM injection of 200μg and 400μg of LH-RH analogue, respectively. Changes of LH, estradiol-17β (E₂), progesterone (P) levels in peripheral blood and ovarian alteration were examined before and after the treatment. The LH level increased quickly in all cases, reaching a peak of 72.3±42.9 (SD) ng/ml about 2 hr after and returned to a basal level about 7 hr after treatment. There was no significant difference in post-treatment maximum LH levels among Groups I, II and III. Ovulation was induced in 8 cases 35.5±5.3 hr after LH peak. Patterns of ovarian response after treatment were classified into 6 types according to changes of ovarian structure and P and E₂ levels. No distinct disparity was found among the 6 types in pre-treatment LH and E₂ levels, post-treatment maximum LH levels and amount of released LH, respectively. No correlation between the post-treatment LH release and the succeeding ovarial response was observed.

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Systemic and acute infection with Chlamydia (C.) psittaci avian strains was established in 8-day-old White Leghorn chickens. Inoculated by the intra air sac route with a relatively low dose (5ELD₅₀) of avian strains, the chickens showed generalized infection within 10 days after inoculation followed by death. Horizontal transmission from chickens that received avian strains to their cage mate chickens was demonstrated by the recovery of C. psittaci in the organs. Chickens inoculated with an avian strain shed infectious organisms in the feces at high doses (10^0.8-≥10^3.5ELD₅₀). Whereas in the chickens inoculated with mammalian strains, shedding of chlamydia was very limited. The mammalian strains were far less pathogenic to 8-day-old chickens than avian strains. In the chickens that received low doses of either avian or mammalian strains, high immunofluorescent antibody response was observed 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation.

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The pathogenicity of chuzan virus, which is the putative causal agent of all epidemic of congenital abnormalities with the hydranencephaly-cerebellar hypoplasia syndrome of calves, was studied. All cattle inoculated intravenously with the virus showed leukopenia but no other clinical signs. The virus was recovered from the plasma only intermittently before development of virus neutralizing antibody, but was found persistently in erythrocyte fractions for several weeks. The virus was mostly found in the purified erythrocyte fraction and sometimes in the thrombocyte fraction, but not in leukocyte fractions. On the other hand, calves inoculated intracerebrally with the virus suffered a fatal infection which was characterized by severe nervous signs. Chuzan virus was isolated mainly from the cerebrum, midbrain, medulla oblongata and cerebellum of the calves, but not from other organs except lymphatic tissues of one animal.

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Chicken globule leucocytes (GL) were immunohistochemically detected in various organs using anti chicken thymocyte serum (ATS), which reacted specifically on thymocytes and peripheral T-cells. GL were distributed in the epithelium and the lamina propria of the digestive tract, Disse's spaces and the mesenchymal area of liver, renal tubules, the epithelium of the urinary ducts, the interfollicular epithelium and the epithelium covering the large diffusely infiltrated area of the bursa of Fabricius. There were two kinds of GL, ATS-negative and ATS-slightly positive. The reaction products on the cell surface were weaker than those of lymphocytes in the same areas. The granules of GL in the epithelium of the intestinal crypt were apparently larger than those in the villous epithelium. Spleno-GL were rarely seen as their granules were extremely fine. No GL were found in the thymus, bone marrow, respiratory organs, the pancreas and its ducts, the gall bladder, and the lymphoid follicles associated with the alimentary tract. The characteristic distributional patterns and the nature of the T-cell lineage of chicken GL, were similar to those of the natural killer cells.

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A chicken monocytic leukemia Cell line was established from a spontaneous myelocytic leukemia. The cell line consisted of adherent round and polygonal cells. About 65% of the cells formed rosettes with chicken antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (ChA-SEs) and only 18% of the cells phagocytized them. Nonspecific esterase activity was present in 60% of the cells. The cells treated with phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated chicken spleen cell-conditioned medium (PHA-SCM) exhibited an increase in Fc receptor expression, nonspecific esterase activity and Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis associated with development of petal-like ruffles on the cell surface. In addition, the cells could form rosettes with rabbit antibody-coated erythrocytes (RaA-SEs). In contrast, the cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed disappearance of ruffle structurcs. The cells exhibited expression of Fc receptor, but no Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Nonspecific esterase activity showed focal staining pattern. The chicken monocytic leukemia cell line was induced to differentiate into individual distinct macrophage-like cells by PHA-SCM and LPS.

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Levels of estrone, estradiol-17β, and progesterone in the peripheral plasma during late pregnancy and parturition in Holstein cows were measured by specific radioimmunoassay techniques. Estrone levels remained low until 4 weeks prepartum (<155 pg/ml), began to rise from 4 weeks until 1 day prepartum (155-2271 pg/ml), and reached a peak at parturition (2781 pg/ml). Then the levels fell to 197 pg/ml at 1 day postpartum. Changes in the plasma estradiol-17β levels generally resembled those for estrone levels, but the estradiol-17β levels were only 10-21% as compared to those of estrone levels. Progesterone levels remained high until 2 days prepartum (3.71 ng/ml), began to fall, reaching 2.52ng/ml at 1 day prepartum and 0.75 ng/ml at parturition, and was 0.23 ng/ml at 1 day postpartum. On the day of parturition, the levels of estrogens and progesterone remained approximately constant from the beginning of opening labor pains until 1 hr postpartum.

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The sequence of ophthalmologic and pathologic events provoked in the lens of rats fed a massive dose of galactose (50% in commercial diet) was followed for a period of up to 162 days. The progress of the lenticular opacity was closely correlated with the degeneration and destruction of the lens fibers. During the course of cataract development, proliferation of the lens fibers from the superficial nuclear zone was observed concurrently with degeneration and destruction of the lens fibers in the surrounding lenticular tissue.

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Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC-9018), a new microorganism preparation with immunomodulatory properties, has been found to have an anti-tumor effect: the mechanism of immunological anti-tumor effect of LC-9018 in Meth A (methylchoranthren-induced tumor cell) transplanted BALB/c mice was investigated. In normal BALB/c mice, interferon (IFN) was found in the serum of mice after intra-peritoneal injection of LC-9018, and the maximum concentration of IFN in the serum appeared 32 hrs later. Macrophage activating factor (MAF) was also detected in LC-9018 administered mice. The maximum activity of MAF was found 72 hrs after LC-9018 administration. After the administration of LC-9018, the cytotoxic activity of splenial macrophage (MAC) was maintained at about fivehold as high level of activity as that in the placebo administered mice. In the administration of LC-9018 in Meth A transplanted BALB/c mice, the tumor growth of mice was suppressed to about 60% on the 22nd day after the Meth A transplantation. The cytotoxicity of splenial MAC was maintained at higher levels in Meth-A bearing mice which received LC-9018. Augmentation of MAC cytotoxicity and the anti-tumor effect in LC-9018 administered mice were similar to those with the administration of recombinant murine IFN-γ (rMuIFN-γ). The result suggests that IFNs and MAF induction by LC-9018 plays an important role in achieving an anti-tumor effect on malignant tumors.

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A preliminaly study for development of an inactivated vaccine for Chuzan virus was performed. The best propagation of the virus was observed in BHK21 cell cultures. The culture fluid after treatment with formalin had good immunogenicity in cattle and guinea pigs. Immunized calves did not develop leukopenia and viremia, which were observed in a control calf, after challenge inoculation.

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Pigs 5 months old and piglets 9 days old were inoculated intracerebrally, intravenously, or subcutaneously with Getah virus. All the inoculated animals remained unchanged clinically, but were affected with viremia. In them, hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody began to be detected one week after inoculation and reached its highest titer 2 weeks after inoculation. When five pregnant sows were inoculated subcutaneously with strain 2078, all of them suffered from viremia and produced HI antibody. Four of them were subjected to laparotomy some time between 11 and 28 days after inoculation and examined for fetuses harbored. In sows which inoculated in the early stage of pregnancy, dead fetuses were found and the virus was recovered from the placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal body. The rcsults mentioned above suggested that swine is susceptible to Getah virus and the possibility that infection with Getah virus might be one of the causes of reproductive disorders in pregnant sows.

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A total of 309 strains of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from cats, dogs, pigs, and seagulls were examined for the susceptibility to 8 antimicrobial agents. The seagull strains consisting of 62 of C. jejuni, 31 of C. coli, and 34 of C. laridis were all susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, showing MIC₅₀s of 0.5 to 4 μg/ml, MIC₉₀s of 1 to 16 μg/ml, and MIC ranges of&le; 0.125 to 16 μg/ml except a few strains of C. jejuni and C. laridis which were slightly to moderately resistant to ampicillin or tetracycline. To nalidixic acid, the strains of C. jejuni and C. coli were susceptible, but those of C. laridis were highly resistant. To cephalothin, they were all highly resistant with MIC₅₀s of >128 μg/ml. In contrast, the strains consisting of 45 of C. jejuni from cats and dogs, 127 of C. coli from cats, dogs, and pigs, and 10 of C. laridis from dogs and pigs showed much wider MIC ranges for erythromycin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid (except C. laridis strains), streptomycin, and tetracycline due to the incidence of resistant strains. The incidence rates of resistance were in the range of 0 to 30% depending on the difference in the bacterial species and the origins. The highest incidence rates were observed mostly in C. coli strains from pigs. To ampicillin, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol, the strains represented the susceptibilities comparable to those of seagull strains.

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Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of soluble proteins of seven isolates of Campylobacter mucosalis and eight isolates of Campylobacter hyointestinalis from proliferative enteritis in swine were compared with that of 12 reference strains of nine species of Campylobacter. C. mucosalis and C. hyointestinalis showed unique protein banding patterns, respectively. Nine reference Campylobacter species also could be distinguished from one another by distinctive protein bands. Gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins will provide a rapid, inexpensive and reliable data for the identification of Campylobacter species. Correlation between the difference in serovars of C. mucosalis and protein profiles was uncertain. As for C. hyointestinalis no notable differences of protein profiles were observed among isolates from affected animals of various clinical manifestations.

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The IgG-Fc-receptor postitive T cells (Tγ cells) and negative T cells (Tnon-γ cells) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-infected cats were studied for their relative proportions and their effects on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphoproliferative responses and plaque forming cell (PFC) responses of PBL froln a healthy cat. The mean relative proportion of Tγ cells from a FeLV-infected cat, as determined by measuring their ability to inhibit Con A-induced lymphoproliferative responses and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced PFC responses of PBL from a healthy cat, was comparable with that of a healthy cat. However, the helper activity of Tnon-γ cells from a FeLV-infected cat, as determined by measuring their ability to increase Con A-induced lymphoproliferative responses and PWM-induced PFC responses of B cells from a healthy cat, was lower as compared to that from a healthy cat. These results suggest that decreased proliferative responses to Con A and a low level of PWM-induced PFC responses in vitro in FeLV-infected cats may be at least partially associated with the defect in helper T cell function.

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The virulence of Salmonella choleraesuis subspecies choleraesuis serovar enteritidis (S. enteritidis) AL1192, a plasmid-cured derivative from virulent S. enteritidis AL1190, was tested. Except for fever no serious adverse clinical signs were observed in the 4 cattle inoculated subcutaneously or intravenously with S. enteritidis AL1192, although two of them showed positive fecal cultures. Next, it was also investigated that this strain was capable of protecting 7-month-old cattle against subsequent intramuscular challenge with Salmonella choleraesuis subspecies choleraesuis serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) L-535 of which O antigenic structure has common component with S. enteritidis AL1192. S. typhimurium L-535 used as a challenge strain was not fully virulent to the cattle in this experiment, even though it was isolated from mesenteric lymph node of a dead calf with salmonellosis and fully virulent to ddY mice. This prevented us from evaluating S. enteritidis AL1192 as a vaccine. This observation suggests that symptoms in 7-month-old cattle are not invariably observed although young calves are very susceptible to Salmonella. Moreover, S. enteritidis AL1192 could not prevent even infection with the challenge strain which was not so virulent for the aged cattle, judging from the development of specific H antibody against challenge strain.

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Cell aggregations were detected in thyroid glands of 26 of 97 horses, using calcitonin and thyroglobulin immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Cell aggregations were classified into 3 types according to histologic changes, 8 horses had ultimobranchial remnant merely embedded in thyroid tissue, without compression of adjacent tissue, 13 horses had nodular hyperplasia of the ultimobranchial remnant that compressed adjacent follicular structures, and 5 horses had adenoma of the ultimobranchial remnant surrounded by a fibrous capsule. These 3 types of cell aggregations consisted of 1 or more of 3 cell types: undifferentiated and parafollicular cells forming solid sheets and follicular epithelial cells forming follicular structures. One horse had papillary hyperplasia of follicular epithelial cells with an absence of undifferentiated and parafollicular cells. Tumors consisting purely of parafollicular cells, like those in human medullary carcinoma, were not observed among the 97 horses. The possibility of an uncommitted status of undifferentiated cells from which they can differentiate into either follicular cells or parafollicular cells, was discussed.

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Changes in clinical features after heatworm removal flom the pulmonary arteries using flexible alligator forceps were examined in 36 dogs with common dirofilariasis. No dogs died owing to the removal manipulations. The removal efficiency was 90% in 18 dogs autopsied. In the mild cases (23 dogs), the signs such as coughing, anemia and so on were relieved or disappeared rapidly after removal. Serious cases were divided into ascites (9 dogs) and hemoptysis (4 dogs) cases. Their prominent signs before removal were less activity, anorexia, dyspnea and anemia in almost all cases, and subcutaneous edema, hydrothorax, icterus and hypothermia were seen in some ascites cases. The general condition improved considerably and the main symptoms were relieved or disappeared within 4 weeks after removal in most cases. The post-removal progress was good in all cases with hemoptysis and in 7 of 9 cases with ascites. However, 2 cases with ascites died of severe heart valvular disease or renal failure 3.5 or 4 months after removal. Anemia, leukocytosis and hypoalbuminemia were alleviated after removal in some mild and serious cases on laboratory tests. LDH and CK activities, which showed high levels before removal, decreased within 1 or 4 weeks after. These findings might suggest that injuries of the heart, lung and liver healed after the heartworm removal. However, the cases with insufficient compensation for severe lesions could not recover completely. These results showed that the heartworm removal using flexible alligator forceps was safe and excellent as a radical therapy for heartworm disease and could be recommended to apply for even serious cases.

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Radiograph, arteriograph, echocardiogram, electrocardiogram and cardiopulmonary values were obtained in dogs with dirofilariasis before and after heartworm removal with a flexible alligator forceps. After heartworm removal, the following results were obtained: 1) Dilations of the pulmonary artery, the right ventricle and the right atrium reduced on radiograph and ultrasonic echocardiogram; 2) tortuousness of the pulmonary artery was reduced, and pruning of the peripheral arteries improved on arteriogram: 3) electrocardiographic findings indicated the correction of right axis deviation in mean electric axis in frontal plane and decreases of voltages; 4) pulmonary arterial and right ventricular pressures fell (improvement of pulmonary hypertension); 5) right cardiac output declreased; 6) heart rate tended to decrease; and 7) total pulmonary arterial resistance decreased. These results indicated that pulmonary arterial resistance and blood flow volume might be reduced, thus decreasing the burden on the heart. It was considered that not only lesions of the pulmonary arteries but also heartworms themselves in the pulmonary artery play an important role in affecting right heart hemodynamics.

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Heartworms were removed from the right atrium and the pulmonary arteries through the jugular vein using a flexible alligator forceps in dogs with dirofilarial hemoglobinuria (caval syndrome). In 23 outpatient dogs (without autopsy), the heartworms in the right atrium and the tricuspid valve orifice were removed completely. Moreover, 1 to 36 worms were removed from the pulmonary artefy in 16 of 23 dogs (69.9%). In 9 experimental dogs with autopsy, 8 to 34 worms were removed from the right atrium, and 1 to 21 worms were removed from the pulmonary artery in all dogs. Zero to 11 worms remained in the pulmonary arteries, and mean removal efficacy was 89.3% in 9 dogs. Cardiopulmonary values were measured before and 24 hr after heartworm removal in 9 experimental dogs. Right cardiac output, cardiac index and stroke volume tended to increase in 5 dogs which recovered after heartworm removal. These parameters tended to decrease in 3 of 4 dogs with poor prognosis. Pressures in the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle ranged variously from normal value to extremely higher level (>100 mmHg) before heartworm removal. The pressures showed varying changes after heartworm removal without correlation to the prognosis. The heartworm removal with a flexible alligator forceps was safer and more available than that with a hard forceps as therapy for canine dirofilarial hemoglobinuria, because the worms in the right atrium and the tricuspid valve orifice could be removed completely, and the worms in the pulmonary artery were also removed with high efficacy and no harm.

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The platelet-derived factor (PDF) which has the suppressive effect against plasma blocking factor (PBF), was further characterized and partially purified. PDF was pH and heat stable, but it was rendered unstable by treatment with proteolytic enzymes. The biological activity of PDF was associated with four entities of molecular weights; 150, 000 (Fr.I), 130, 000 (Fr.II), 85, 000 (Fr.III) and 50, 000 (Fr.IV) determined by gel filtration in 1M acetic acid. The fraction IV showed the highest suppressive effect against PBF as well as the highest stimulative activity of DNA synthesis in bovine lymphocytes and murine or bovine fibroblasts.

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Orchiopexy and contralateral castration were performed in a total of 5 adult and 2 young unilateral cryptorchid (CR) dogs. In every dog, biopsy was performed on the testes, and peripheral and spermatic venous blood samples were collected at intervals of 2, 4 or 8 weeks after the operation. Biopsy tissue specimens were observed after staining with PAS-hematoxylin. In the young CR dogs semen was collected by digital manipulation every week and the sperm fertility was examined by artificial insemination. Neither spermatid nor spermatozoon was noticed in any CR testis at the time of the operation. Spermatozoa were found in the seminiferous tubules of the young and adult CR dogs for the first time, 8 and 10 weeks after the operation, respectively. Thereafter, the number of sperms and germ cells in the seminiferous tubules increased. In the adult CR dogs plasma testosterone levels increased gradually in both peripheral blood and CR testicular venous blood after orchiopexy. In the young CR dogs spermatozoa first appeared in the ejaculate, 8 weeks after orchiopexy. Then, semen volume and sperm number increased gradually, but a high rate of sperm abnormality continued until 24 weeks after the orchiopexy. Semen quality, however, was relatively excellent when sperm fertility was studied 25 weeks after orchiopexy and later. Eight and three bitches were inseminated artificially with the semen of the 2 young CR dogs, respectively. As a result, two of the former and one of the latter became pregnant and gave birth to 2, 2 and 8 youngs, respectively. In conclusion, in the CR testes of the CR dogs the spermatogenic function was stimulated and spermatozoa with fertilizing capacity were produced by the orchiopexy, and puppies were born by artificial insemination of the spermatozoa. But the fertility of the CR dogs was lower than that of normal dogs.

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Anti-C1 and Anti-C2 antibodies were obtained successfully by immunization of feline red cells to rabbits. The activities of anti-C1 and anti-C2 were seen in the IgM and the IgG fractions, respectively. With anti-C1, red blood cell groups were divided into 2 groups, C1 (+) type and C1 (-) type. With anti-C2, red cell types likewise were classified into 2 groups, C2 (+) type and C2 (-) type. By the absorption of anti-C2 with various C2 (+) type red cells, it was distinguished into 4 parts, anti-C2abcd, -C2bcd, -C2cd, and -C2d. The C2 (+) type were recognized in 4 parts, C2a type, C2ab type, C2abc type, and C2abcd type, and these C2 (+) antigens were assumed to be dosage characters. The inheritance mode of C1 (+) type and C2 (+) type was not clearly determined. From the results of comparison test between anti-C1, -C2 and naturally occurring antibodies (anti-Ca, -Cb), the former was corroborated to be new antibodies.

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Some properties of canine alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from the sera of normal adult and puppy and from the tissues such as intestine, liver, bone and kidney were examined and compared with those of the serum ALP from several disease model dogs. The serum ALP of a 1-month old puppy was 4.7 times higher than that of adult. The pH optimum of intestinal ALP was 9.9, and that of both the other tissues and normal sera was 10.1. Intestinal ALP was stable for heat, but the other ALP were inactivated by more than half in a 20 min incubation at 56°C. The order of heat stability was intestine>>kidney>liver=adult serum>bone=puppy serum. L-phenylalanine (LPA) inhibited intestinal ALP more than the others, and imidazole (IMI) inhibited the others more than intestine. Slight difference in IMI inhibition on the ALP activity between adult and puppy serum seems to correspond to the difference of the isozyme from liver and bone. Electrophoresis. using cellogel separated each ALP isozyme. The serum ALP from the disease models of bile duct obstruction and hyperadrenocorticism was more stable for heat than normal serum ALP, but the serum ALP from the disease model of hepatic disorder was not different from that from normal dog. The serum ALP from the disease model of hyperadrenocorticism was clearly distinguished from the other serum ALP by the effect of IMI and by the electrophoregram. Not only the activity but also some of these properties might be useful as the tool for clinical examination.

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Biochemical properties of a Chuzan virus, strain K-47, being suspected as an etiologic agent for congenital malformation in cattle, were studied. The K-47 strain was shown to contain a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome consisting of ten segments with molecular weights ranging from 2.35×10⁶ to 0.32×10⁶ daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Assuming only one RNA molecule per gel band, the total genome size was estimated to be 11.75×10⁶ daltons. The structural polypeptides of viral particles were analyzed by radioimmunoprecipitation. Of the ten polypeptides ranging from 23K to 130K resolved by SDS-PAGE, three bands (95K, 86K and 23K) seem to be major structural polypeptides. The Mg²⁺ -dependent RNA polymerase activity with the K-47 strain was demonstrated in an in vitro system, and was not affected by actinomycin D.

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The minimun inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 100 strains of anaerobic bacteria, isolated from the intestines of healthy pigs and chickens, for five polyether antibiotics including cationomycin (CNM), lysocellin (LSC), monension (MNS), portmicin (PRM) and salinomycin (SNM) were determined by an agar-dilution technique. CNM, MNS, PRM, and SNM, at a concentration of 6.25μg/ml, were active against 41 to 56% of the Bacteroides fragilis group, whereas LSC showed less activity at the same concentration. All strains of genera Fusobacterium, Selenomonas, Mitsuokella and Megasphasera were resistant to the five polyether antibiotics. Eubacterium spp. were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents (MICs of 1.56 to 3.12μg/ml) except for NMS. CNM and PRM inhibited all strains of Bifidobacterium spp. at lower concentrations, but LSC, MNS and SNM did not. CNM, PRM and SNM, at a concentration of 1.56μg/ml, were active against all strains of Lactobacillus spp. whereas LSC and NMS did not inhibit them at the same concentration. Clostridium perfringens was also susceptible to five polyether antibiotics tested (MICs of 1.56 to 12.5μg/ml). All strains of B. fragilis from pigs were resistant to the five polyether antibiotics but those from chickens were inhibited at lower concentrations.

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There were two types of antibodies in anti-mitochondrial adenylate kinase (AK2) and anti-reduced and carboxamidomethylated AK2 (CAM-AK2) sera. One type of antibody reacted with AK2 and also with CAM-AK2 (anti-AK2 antibody), and the other type of antibody reacted with CAM-AK2 but not with AK2 (anti-CAM-AK2 antibody). The ratio of the anti-AK2 antibodies to the anti-CAM-AK2 antibodies was 7.3:1 in the anti-AK2 sera, while that was 1:4.8 in the anti-CAM-AK2 sera. The anti-CAM-AK2 sera reacted with cytosolic adenylate kinase (AK1) or CAM-AK1 while the anti-AK2 sera did not. These results indicate that the immunogenicity of AK2 was greatly altered by reduction and alkylation.

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Pharmacological characteristics of Musculus retractor phalli cranialis, a smooth muscle tissue isolated from cock, were examined. This muscle showed spontaneous rhythmic contractions in physiological salt solution. Electrical field stimulation inhibited the spontaneous contractions and relaxed the muscle. Effect of electrical stimulation was inhibited by tetrodotoxin but not by hexamethonium, propranolol, prazosin or atropine. Norepinephrine and isoproterenol also inhibited the spontaneous contraction and relaxed the muscle. In the presence of propranolol, however, norepinephrine induced a contraction which was inhibited by prazosin. Carbachol induced a contraction which was inhibited by atropine. Substance P also induced a contraction. High concentration of K⁺ (120 mM) induced a contraction which was augmented by propranolol. ATP and neurotensin were ineffective. These results indicate that the M. Retractor phalli crsnialis is a spontaneously active smooth muscle and is controlled mainly by non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neurons.

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Porcine parvovirus formed clear plaques on 3- and 24-hr-culture monolayer of embryonic swlie kidney cell line, ESK cells, by seeding with 3 ml of cell suspension containing 4×10⁵ cells per ml in each well of the Costar's plate. Infective titer by plaque assay on 3-hr-culture monolayer was higher than that on 24-hr-culture monolayer. Plaques on 48- and 72-hr-culture monolayer were dull and uncountable. Plaques became large but infective titer did not increase when diethylaminoethyl-dextran was incorporated in the overlay medium. Plaque formation was specifically inhibited by antiserum against the virus. The virus grew well in 3-hr-culture monolayer and eclipse phase of the virus growth was between 8 and 10 hr.

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During a period from 1975 to 1984, 42 canine and 47 feline autopsy cases were diagnosed as lymphoid and myeloid tumors, which corresponded to 15.4% of 272 and 50.5% of 93 neoplastic cases, respectively. Thirty-one of 1, 755 canine and 9 of 388 feline clinical biopsy cases were diagnosed as the tumors, corresponding to 3.33% of 930 and 8.49% of 106 neoplastic cases. Most of those cases were of lymphosarcoma, mainly of multicentric type. In canine cases, the incidence was higher in Shetland sheepdog and Boxer breeds. The ages of higher incidences were 4 to 5 and 8 years in dogs, while 1 to 3 and 8 years in cats. There was no sex predisposition in both animal species.

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