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Akira NISHIO, Shigeru ISHIGURO, Noboru MIYAO
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
699-705
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The effects of dietary magnesium(Mg) deficiency on histamine-metabolizing enzymes were studied in young Wistar rats with a mean initial body weight of 60 g. Histidine decarboxylase(HDC) activity was observed in the stomach, skin, lung, spleen and liver, but not detected in the duodenum or kidney in the control rats. In 4 days of feeding an Mg-deficient diet(Mg:0.001%), the HDC activity of the spleen, lung and liver appeared to rise until the 8th day of Mg deficiency. In the skin, the HDC activity was the highest on the 4th day of Mg deficiency, then decreased on the 6th day, and increased again on the 8th day. Diamine oxidase(DAO) activity was high in the duodenum, but low in the other tissues examined in control rats. In 2 to 4 days of depletion of Mg in the diet, the DAO activity decreased in all the tissues examined to about 1/2 that of the control group. Histamine methyl transferase(HMT) activity was high in the kidney, liver and duodenum in control rats. HMT activity observed in these tissues did not change significantly during the 8-day Mg absence in the diet. These results suggest that both the increased HDC and the decreased DAO activities contribute to the increase in the histamine content in some tissues in Mg-deficient rats.
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Tomoo ITABISASHI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
707-711
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Spontaneous deformation has been reported previously in the paper on the expiratory-oxygen-concentration curve analysed breath by breath in quietly resting hens more than 70 weeks of age. The deformation in these hens resembled that in human subjects seen at the time of uneven pulmonary ventilation. In the present study, the occurrence of deformation was determined in layer chickens and cocks ranging from 9 to 70 weeks of age, as well as in male and female broiler chicks around 60 days old. Spontaneous deformation, if any, occurred much less frquently in young chickens than in adult ones. There were great individual differences in the occurrence rate and duration of the deformation. The spontaneous deformation was also recorded with a great individual difference in the spcified-pathogen-free chickens in which no histopathological change was found in the respiratory tract. The present result indicated that the deformation was an aging phenomenon which could occur in normal chickens.
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Tomoo ITABISASHI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
713-720
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Adult laying hens were subjected to a study on analysis of the mechanism responsible for genesis of a spontaneous deformation of the expiratory-oxygen curve. First, an induction of the deformation was examined by infusing a pasty barium suspension into the unilateral primary bronchus. This maneuver caused the expiratory-oxygen curve to deform. The pattern of differential pressure changes between the bilateral extrapulmonary primary bronchi differed depending on which part of the primary bronchus was obstructed with the barium suspension. It was then examined which pattern of the differential pressure changes could be recorded at the time of a spontaneous deformation, so that the obstruction might be detected. Secondly, it was determined whether the spontaneous airway obstruction so detected was partial or complete, by using a technique in which nitrogen-gas was flushed into the extrapulmonary primary bronchi. As a result, it was concluded that the spontaneous deformation of the expiratory-oxygen curve was induced by the airway obstruction in the cranial lumen of the extrapulmonary primary bronchus on either side, and that this obstruction was not complete but partial.
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Haruto NAKAGAWA, Masakazu NISHIMURA, Norimoto URAKAWA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
721-726
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and insulin on gastric acid secretion and blood glucose level were examined to clarify the mechanism of acid secretion in chicken. Proventricular lumen of urethane-anesthetized chicken was continuously perfused with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide and the change in the pH of effluent was monitored as an indicator of acid secretion. 2DG (50-200mg/kg, i.v.) continuously lowered the pH level with a latent period of 30-60 min and slightly elevated the blood glucose level. By contrast, insulin (4 I.U./kg, i.v.) decreased the blood glucose to a half of the control level without changing the effluent pH. The duration of pH fall induced by 2DG was dose-dependent. The pH fall induced by 2DG was inhibited by an injection of pyruvic acid (80mg/kg, i.v.). The pH fall was abolished by bilateral vagotomy at the cervical region and abolished by the administration of atropine (0.5mg/kg, i.v.), proglumide (200mg/kg, i.v.) or metiamide (0.5mg/kg, i.v.). These results suggest that 2DG, which inhibits glucose methabolism, activates the cephalic phase through vagus nerve and thus increase cholinergic, gastrinergic and histaminergic acid secretions.
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Rikio KIRISAWA, Takeshi MIKAMI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
727-738
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Various types of cells from normal chickens or from chickens inoculated with Marek's disease virus(MDV) or the herpesvirus of turkeys(HVT) were studied to determine the nature of the target cells for these viruses. Lymphocytes from thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and peripheral blood supported a partially-productive infection (as determined by the fluorescent antibody test for the expression of viral intracellular antigen) with MDV in vivo, whereas a nonproductive latent infection (as determined by virus recovery) occurred with HVT. Furthermore, unfractionated and non-adherent bone marrow cells (presumably lymphocytes and other cells) were found to be infected with MDV or HVT in vivo. In in vitro infection of chicken cells with MDV or HVT, normallung cells and lymphocytes from thymus, bursa, spleen and peripheral blood were susceptible to partially-productive infection by the viruses, but peritoneal exudate cells were not. Unfractionated bone marrow cells supported latent(nonproductive) infection with the viruses. After culture, only adherent bone marrow cells became susceptible to partially-productive infection with the viruses. These results indicate that the target cells for MDV and HVT infections are distributed in various tissues And peripheral blood, and that the infectious states for MDV and HVT differ. The stage of differentiation of bone marrow cells may be an important factor in determining susceptibility to the viruses.
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Toshiroh IWASAKI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
739-746
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Two different subunits were detected in the canine apocrine sweat duct by light and electron microscopy. One was the intradermal short duct composed of a single layer of inner cells and one or two layers of outer cells. These ductal cells contained only a few mitochondria, suggesting their low ability to reabsorb water and ions. The other was the intrafollicular duct surrounded with outer root sheath cells. In the lower portion of the intrafollicular duct, the outer cells contained many tonofibrils but no keratinization was noted. In the middle portion, the outer cells were keratinized with keratohyaline droplets and membrane coating granules, forming a keratinized band. In the upper portion, keratinization was seen in the inner as well as the outer cell layers. The inner cells with thickened plasma membrane contained abundant keratohyaline droplets but no membrane-coating granules. These keratinized inner and outer cells were considered to flow into the hair canal.
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Kunitoshi MITSUMORI, Kazuaki TAKAHASHI, Osami MATANO, Shinko GOTO, Yas ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
747-757
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Four groups of 56 Sprague-Dawley SPF rats of both sexes were maintained on diets containing 0, 0.4, 2 or 10 ppm methylmercury chloride (MMC) for 130 weeks to evaluate the chronic toxicity and to quantify the accumulation of the compound in various organs and tissues. Ten animals of each group at 13 and 26 weeks, 6 animals at 52 and 78 weeks, and all suvivors at 130 weeks were killed for clinical examinations and mercury analysis. In the 10 ppm group, reduced body weight gain was noted in both sexes, and all the males died within 119 weeks. Neurological signs due to MMC intoxication such as ataxic gait and/or crossing reflex of hindlimbs occurred in 10 males and 7 females after 22 weeks and 46 weeks, respectively. Anemia was seen in males at each designated period. Significant increases in plasma total cholesterol and urea nitrogen indicated impairment of renal function in this group. Tissue mercury level was remarkably high in the hair and lowered in the kidney, blood, liver, and nerve tissues in that order in the 10 ppm group. Accumulation of mercury in the hair and blood increased constantly until reaching plateau at 78 weeks. The mercury levels in the cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord and sciatic nerve were relatively constant at lower levels after 26 weeks. The average mercury level in the cerebrum from 26 to 78 weeks was 5.3 and 6.7 ppm in males and females, respectively.
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Toshiharu HAYASHI, Nobuo SASAKI, Yasushi AMI, Kosaku FUJIWARA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
759-766
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Sero-negative kittens were inoculated intragastrically with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus after thymectomy and/or treating with immune serum or immune ascites against FIP virus. At necropsy performed 10 days postinoculation, thymectomized kittens showed severer intestinal lesions than did non-treated controls. The kittens that had received high-titered serum or ascites with or without thymectomy were found to have fibrinous peritonitis. Peritonitis was severer in the thymectomized and antibody-treated kittens. The results suggest that the virus caused damage to the thymus-dependent lymphocytes and that the humoral antibody played some role in inducing serositis as well as parenchymatous organ lesions.
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Kazunari SAWAGUCHI, Syuji IWAKI, Katsumi MIKAZUKI, Shunsuke YACHIDA, S ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
767-774
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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To diagnose serologically infectious bronchitis(IB) in field chickens, the embryo-adapted Beaudette strain of IB virus(IBV) was used for the neutralization test since there was broad cross-reactivity among the Beaudette strain and Japanese field isolates. With sera collected from all over Japan, 92.7% of the vaccinated and 68.7% of the unvaccinated healthy chickens showed positive neutralization of the embryo-adapted Beaudette strain. In a serological survey using paired sera collected during the period from 1980 to 1981, the roles of IBV and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) were studied in outbreaks of respiratory diseases of broiler flocks, and 59.2% of IB, 8.3% of Mg and 10.9% of mixed infection with IB and Mg were found in the diseased flocks not vaccinated with IB vaccine, while 36.6% of IB, 13.4% of Mg, and 8.9% of mixed infection were diagnosed in vaccinated flocks. The age distribution of the flocks affected by IB showed the peak at 3 weeks in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. These results suggest that respiratory diseases of Japanese broilers are caused mainly by IBV and IB can not be completely prevented by vaccination.
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Shotaro TAKEUCHI, Yasuyuki NAKAJIMA, Kazunori HASHIMOTO
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
775-781
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Experimental infection of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar A in BALB/c mice was performed to approach the mechanism of liver abscess formation in cattle. Liver abscesses were formed in the mice inoculated intravenously or intraperitoneally with F. necrophorum, but not in those inotulated with Corynebacterium pyogennes or Bacteroides oralis. In such liver abscesses, a population of 3.6×10
9 viable cells of F. necrophorum was present. The bacterial counts in the lung, spleen, and kidney varied from 10
4 to 10
6 per gram. The liver abscess formation was enhanced when a mixture of F. necrophorum and C. pyogenes was inoculated into mice. When a mixture of F. necrophorum and B. oralis or Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated into mice, however, such pathogenic synergism was not recognized. In the mixed infections, a large number of C. pyogenes or B. oralis were recovered from the abscess portion where F. necrophorum had multiplied actively. From these results, it seems that C. pyogenes, often isolated from bovine liver abscess, may be a helper organism in development of liver abscess, and B. oralis and S. aureus are secondary invaders.
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Katsumi KUME, Akira SAWATA, Toyotsugu NAKAI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
783-792
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Three types of htmagglutinin showing different biologic and hemagglutinating properties, designated as HA-L, HA-HL, and HA-HS, were found in serotype 1 strains of Haemophilus paragallinarum. Serologic and immunologic differences in hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody-producing antigenicity and in protective activity were observed among them. It was observed that protective immunity was induced in injection only with HA-L hemagglutinin as an immunogen. Protected chicks had HI antibodies against both antigens HA-L and HA-HL. Regardless of having HI antibody against HA-HL antigen, protective immunity was not induced in chicks by injection with HA-HL hemagglutinin as an immunogen. The HA-HS hemagglutinin lacked either HI antibody-producing antigenicity against antigens HA-L and HA-HL, or protective activity, but nonspecific HI antibody against HA-HS antigen was detected even in uninjected control rabbit sera. Protective immunity of the HA-L hemagglutinin was completely inactivated by heating at 121°C for 2 hr. When the HA-L hemagglutinins were heat-treated at 72°C to 100°C for 30 min, protective activity remained in a varing extents in the heat-treated hemagglutinins, but HI antibody-producing antigenicity of thus heat-treated hemagglutinins against HA-L antigen was completely lost by the heating. The results suggested that HA-L hemagglutinin is only responsible for immunogenicity among the 3 types of hemagglutinin, but HI antibody formation against HA-L antigen is not always essential to the protection.
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Hiroharu MATSUSHITA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
793-798
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A pregnancy-associated leporine protein-2 (PALP-2) was isolated from serum of pregnant rabbits by gel filtration, ion exchange and affinity chromatography. The purified PALP-2 migrated like β globulin and had a molecular size of approximately 45, 000. The isoelectric point of PALP-2, determined by isoelectirc focusing, was 5.5. This protein was species-specific; no reaction being seen with pregnancy-associated serum proteins in term maternal serum of human and rat. The immunoreactivity of PALP-2 was unaffected by heat treatment at 57°C for 30 minutes, variably changed on incubation at 65°C for 30 minutes, and stable at 4°C for a week or at -20°C for 24 weeks.
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Yuji KONO, Hiroshi SENTSUI, Keigo ARAI, Hideshi ISHIDA, Wataru IRISHIO
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
799-802
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Experiments on contact transmission of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were performed in insect-free isolated pens. Three and five calves, respectively, were kept in each of two pens. One and two of them, respectively, were inoculated with BLV. In these three experimentally infected calves, cell-free viremia was detected between 4 and 12 days after the inoculation. It disappeared after the development of virus-neutralizing antibodies. BLV, however, could be continuously recovered from the peripheral blood lymphocytes thereafter. During the experimental period one of five uninoculated calves showed seroconversion for antibodies to BLV 89 days after the beginning of the experiment. The other four remained negative for BLV infection for 12 months.
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Masako YAMAMOTO, Mitsugu KIUCHI, Kazuyoshi ARISHIMA, Yasunobu EGUCHI, ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
803-806
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Osamu SASAKI, Masanori KATSUNO
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
807-809
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Mayumi TSUCHIMOTO, Hiroshi KIDA, Ryo YANAGAWA, Sumio INUI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
811-814
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Tsutomu SHIMIZU, Yoshiyuki MORISHITA, Kageaki AIBARA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
815-820
Published: December 05, 1983
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Katsuyuki KADOI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
821-823
Published: December 05, 1983
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Yutaka TAMURA, Shozo TANAKA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
825-827
Published: December 05, 1983
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Kiwao TAKAHASHI, Kosuke OKADA, Kan-ichi OHSHIMA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
829-832
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Toshio KINJO, Masayuki MORISHIGE, Nobuyuki MINAMOTO, Hideto FUKUSHI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
833-835
Published: December 05, 1983
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Yoshio MINATO, Hiroshi TAKADA, Hisashi YAMANAKA, Isao WADA, Masakazu T ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
837-839,842
Published: December 05, 1983
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Katsuya HIRAI, Kimikazu ITOH, Teruo YAMASHITA, Hideto FUKUSHI, Yasuyuk ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
843-845
Published: December 05, 1983
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Hideto FUKUSHI, Kimikazu ITOH, Yukiya OGAWA, Tasuyuki HAYASHI, Mitsuta ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
847-848
Published: December 05, 1983
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Ryoji OKADA, Soichi IMAI, Toshio ISHII
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
849-852
Published: December 05, 1983
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Shigeyuki ARAI, Kosaku KOBAYASHI, Takayoshi TAKAHASHI, Tatsuo SUZUKI, ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
853-855
Published: December 05, 1983
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Toshio INABA, Tatsuo IMORI, Takashi SABURI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
857-859
Published: December 05, 1983
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Shoji SHIRASAKA, Haruka TERANISHI, Yoshimi BENNO, Ryozo AZUMA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages
861-863
Published: December 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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