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Akira TAKEUCHI, Tomoko NAGATA, Fumihito OHASHI, Nobuo SASAKI, Yukitaka ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
859-868
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The normal canine brain tolerance to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), with which selective radiotherapy of the brain tumor is expected, was demonstrated by two different series of the irradiation experiment. Normal dogs were irradiated on the skull with thermal neutrons from the reactor after intravenous infusion of
10B-enriched Na
2B
12H
11SH, and the intravascular dose at the brain surface was calculated as the radiation dose. In series 1, the brains of 3 dogs were irradiated 2000 to 3000 rads by the current therapeutic regimen of BNCT and were autopsied after three years observation. In series 2, 6 dogs were given various high doses up to 9000 rads to their brain by BNCT, and autopsied after 1 month and 1 year respectively. Tolerance was excellent in all the dogs, with no unusual findings clinical, neurological, or in laboratory data during the observation period, and no pathological changes by autopsy. When the reduction of the endothelial dose to one third of the intravascular dose and the quick attenuation of thermal neutrons are taken into consideration, the actual doses to the vascular wall in both experiments might be low enough to be tolerated by the normal brain tissue.
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Akira TAKEUCHI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
869-878
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Possibility for successful treatment of canine osteosarcoma by boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was demonstrated based upon an uptake study of the boron compound and an experimental treatment by BNCT. In the up take study following intravenous administration of Na
2B
12H
11SH, satisfactorily higher boron concentration with some variation between tumors is likely to be obtained 12 hours after the administration, together with significantly lower boron levels in blood and bone. Based upon these results, osteosarcoma of a mongrel dog was successfully treated by BNCT. The tumor received approximately 3800 rads with single neutron irradiation (approximately 1.4×10
13 n./cm
2) about 12 hours after intravenous infusion of Na
2B
12H
11SH of 96% enriched
10B in the ratio of 50 mg
10B/kg. Clinical and radiographical improvements were remarkable and no neoplastic cell was found in any part of the original neoplastic lesion and its surrounding tissue at the time of autopsy after 30 days.
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Haruo MATSUDA, Makoto MIYAGAWA, Shuichi ISEKI, Masayoshi MURATA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
879-888
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In the sera from chickens inoculated with a transplantable Marek's disease (MD) lymphoblastoid cell line, MDCC-MSB1-41C, five peaks (I, II, III, IV and V) were separated by chromatofocusing in a gradient of pH 5-6. Peaks I, II, III and IV were not exactly detectable in normal chicken serum. The contents of two peaks (I and II) correlated to tumor size. Subsequently, Peaks I and II were each purified by Cellulofine gel filtration and six monoclonal antibodies to the purified materials were prepared by somatic cell hybridization. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) revealed that Peaks I and II were each a glycoprotein of the same molecular weight, approximately 105, 000 (105K) daltons, with different isoeltctric points. All monoclonal antibodies obtained cross-reacted equally with either Peak I and Peak II by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By immunoblotting analysis using one (P5-13) of these antibodies, when the same samples from normal and MSB1-41C-transplanted chickens and the purified Peaks I and II were each subjected to SDS-PAGE and blotted on a sheet of nitrocellulose, a single band reacted with P5-13 was formed at a position corresponding with 105K dalton in the respective samples and the density of each band correlated to tumor size. These results suggest that the cross-reactive 105K molecules may increase when chickens develop tumors.
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Hiromu SUGIYAMA, Minoru OKUDA, Masahiro MATSUMOTO, Takatoshi KIKUCHI, ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
889-893
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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To confirm the identification of the encysted metacercariae of lung fluke parasitizing the crabs, Geothelphusa dehaani, collected from three localities in the Uda area of Nara Prefecture, Japan, a karyological study was made on the gonad cells of the testes of 30 adult flukes obtained from the lungs of three cats artificially infected with the encysted metacercariae. The chromosome number of these lung flukes was 2n=22, n=11. Chromosomal analyses showed one pair of large-sized metacentric chromosomes; four pairs of medium-sized chromosomes, three subtelocentric and one submetacentric; and six pairs of small-sized chromosomes, three metacentric or submetacentric and three submetacentric. The lung flukes investigated performed ordinary process of meiosis, and they produced normal spermatozoa in the testes. All the encysted metacercariae of lung fluke collected for this study could be clearly diagnosed as those of Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) Braun, 1899 by the karyological findings, and the specific characters, such as the size and shape of encysted metacercariae and eggs, and also by the morphology of the gonad organs of adult flukes, as has been reported elsewhere by the present authors. From the above-mentioned facts, it should be emphasized that the possibility of presence of mixed infection with the metacercariae of P. pulmonalis could be denied perfectly in the crabs, G. dehaani, obtained from three localities in Muroh-mura of the Uda area, Nara Prefecture.
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Kiyoshi MIYAZAWA, Isamu TOMODA, Kazuya USUI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
895-900
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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This study was carried out to observe the change in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and comparisons were made concerning function and the site of production in the kidney between bovine fetuses and calves. Two fetuses, 7 and 10 months of gestation and five calves, 0.5, 4, 8; 24 hr and 5 months after birth were used. Tissues of the kidney were stained with H.E. and alkaline phosphatase stain. In the fetuses, weak adtivity of alkaline phosphatase was observed inside the uriniferous tubules. In the calf just after birth, all renal tubules were extended and activity of alkaline phosphatase was mainly observed in the brush border of the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. In the calf 24 hr after birth, activity of alkaline phosphatase increased conspicuously in the brush border and cytoplasm of the columnar epithelial cells of the promixal convoluted tubule, but was not observed in the glomerulus and distal convoluted tubule. From this study and on the basis of the molecular weight and no observation in Bowman's capsule of alkaline phosphatase of the kidney as noted by other workers, it is suggested that kidney alkaline phosphatase in the brush border and cytoplasm of the proximal convoluted tubules of calves is related to the absorptive function of the kidney and that it is produced in the proximal tubules.
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Ryo HARASAWA, Kaoru KOSHIMIZU, In-Jen PAN, Michael F. BARILE
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
901-909
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Ureaplasmas isolated from avian sources were compared to the two established Ureaplasma species, U.urealyticum from humans and U.diversum from cattle, by the metabolic inhibition test, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell protein patterns, restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of genomic DNA and by [
3H] DNA-DNA hybridization. All seven unclassified avian ureaplasma strains tested were serologically related to each other but were different from the two established bovine and human Ureaplasma species. The antigenic differences were also evident in Western blot analysis. The [
3H] DNA-DNA hybridization data further confirmed these results by showing that avian ureaplasmas were genetically related to each other but distinct from the established Ureaplasma species. The restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns revealed variations among the avian strains that were not apparent by the serological and biochemical techniques. Our results support the notion that the avian ureaplasmas are distinct, are unrelated to the two established Ureaplasma species and merit consideration as a new species.
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Toshiyuki SHIBAHARA, Hiroshi NISHIDA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
911-919
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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During the hunting seasons from November 1979 to February 1985, a total of 332 wild mammals of 7 different species were captured in Tajima province, the northern part of Hyogo Prefecture, which is known as a heavily infected area with the diploid type of Paragonimus westermani (Kerbert, 1878) Braun, 1899, and were examined for Paragonimus infections. Of all the animals examined, 2 martens, 13 raccoon dogs and 8 wild boars were positive for the lung flukes. On the basis of the morphological features of the worms and eggs obtained, the worms from 2 martens were identified as P.miyazakii Kamo, Nishida, Hatsushika et Tomimura, 1961, those from one of 13 positive raccoon dogs were identified as P.ohirai Miyazaki, 1939 and those from the remaining 12 raccoon dogs and 8 wild boars were identified as P.westermani -diploid type. The infection rates of those flukes in martens, raccoon dogs and wild boars were 6.3, 0.7, 8.6 and 9.1%, respectively. Natural infections of wild boars with adult P.westermani -diploid type were first reported. Therefore, raccoon dogs, and sometimes wild boars, may serve as the main natural definitive hosts of the diploid type of P.westermani in the area.
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Motoyoshi SATO, Zirou HORI, Tuneo HIROSE, Naoyoshi SUZUKI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
921-929
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Six Holstein calves 6-13 months old which had never been grazed on pasture were inoculated with 1, 000 μg of toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA) two or three times. They were placed on a pasture contaminated with thicks as a vector of Theileria sergenti 7 weeks after the initial inoculation with TLA emulsion. The lowest RBC was 649×10
4/μl for the group of TLA emulsion inoculation and 229×10
4/μl for a control group in grazing. The highest and average rates of parasitized erythrocytes were 2.6% and 0.6%, respectively, for the former group and 10.0% and 3.2% for the latter. When examined for production of antibody against TLA, all the inoculated calves showed an indirect hemagglutination (IHA) antibody titer higher than 1:6 after the initial inoculation with TLA emulsion, except one of three calves inoculated twice with this antigen. The uninoculated control calves also exhibited an increase in IHA antibody titer against TLA after they were placed on pasture. On the other hand, the complement fixation and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody titers against T.sergenti became detectable in one calf inoculated three times with TLA emulsion and the uninoculated control calves 1-5 weeks after the beginning of grazing. No calves possessed serum antibody against Babesia ovata or Anaplasma centrale.
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Shin-ichi MIKAMI, Kiyohiro ICHINO, Shizuhiro YAMADA, Kazuyuki TANIGUCH ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
931-942
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The localization of immunoreactive neuropeptides such as arginin vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), somatostatin (SOM), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), met-enkephalin (ENK) and substance P (SP) was studied immunocytochemically in the ventral hypothalamus of the cat. Each peptidergic neuron system represents its own peculiar distributional pattern in the hypothalamus, while some nuclei in the ventral hypothalamus contain many kinds of neuropeptide-producing neurons, which show an overlapped or mosaic-like distribution. The overlapped distribution of different peptidergic systems suggests their functional correlations through the information exchange within the central nervous system. In the median eminence, many kinds of peptide-containing fibers show a mosaic-like distribution. In the internal zone, AVP- and OT-fibers pass to the neural lobe via supraoptico-hypophysial tract. AVP-, CRF-, TRH-, and ENK- immunoreactive fibers are distributed exclusively in the external layer of the anterior part of the median eminence and terminate on the basement membrane of the external surface of the median eminence in intimate contact with the anterior primary capillary plexus of the portal vessels. LHRH- and SOM-immunoreactive fibers are more numerous in the external layer of the posterior part of the median eminence. The intrinsic distribution of each peptide-containing fiber in the median eminence suggests the regional control mechanisms of the pars distalis by the discharge of each peptide into the respective portal vessels.
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Yutaka FUKUI, Masayuki KOBAYASHI, Minoru TSUBAKI, Noriyuki KIKUCHI, Hi ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
943-950
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Fourty repeat-breeder and anestrous Holstein heifers were treated with one of four methods using progesterone releasing intravaginal devices (PRIDs), prostaglandin F
2α (PGF
2α) analogue and synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH analogue). A PRID was inserted into the vagina for 7 or 12 days and a single injection of PGF
2α analogue (500 μg) was administered one day before PRID removal. On the use of 12-day insertion, the estradiol-benzoate (E.B.) capsule containing 10 mg estradiol was excluded from PRID. The 12-day treatment of PRID without the E.B. capsule and a PGF
2α analogue showed encouraging results in both estrus incidence (10/10; 100%) and the subsequent fertility (6/10; 60.0%) following fixed-time artificial insemination with frozen semen. Conception rate in heifers treated with two injections of PGF
2α analogue 11 days apart was disappointed (3/10; 30.0%). The treatment of GnRH analogue (200 μg) and PGF
2α analogue 9 days apart has showed a high conception rate (6/7; 85.7%) as well as the 12-days PRID treatment (9/10; 90.0%), when re-insemination in heifers returned to estrus within 24 days after treatment was involved. The present study indicates that the use of PRID combined with a PGF
2α analogue is more effective for regulating the estrous cycle and the subsequent fertility of repeat-breeder and anestrous heifers than the two-injection regime of PGF
2α analogue, and that the E.B. capsule may be unnecessary when a PGF
2α analogue was administered one day before PRID removal.
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Momiko IKEDA, Shuji TSUDA, Kinji KURAWAKA, Ryuzo FUKAO, Yasuhiko SHIRA ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
951-955
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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To investigate a suitable blood sampling method for hematology and blood biochemistry in fish toxicology, we compared two methods, blood sampling from the Cuvierian duct with a syringe (CD) and caudal vein puncture (CVP) in red sea bream, Chrysophrys major. The CD method did not require special skill because the Cuvierian duct was externally visible. This method allowed us to obtain blood directly from the vessel without disrupting other tissues. The maximum obtainable blood volume withdrawn by CD method was the same as that by CVP method. Clots were occasionally observed in the blood sampled by CVP method, but not by CD method. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were much higher in the plasma obtained by CVP than by the CD method. The activity of glutamate oxaloacetate dehydrogenase (GOT) in CVP was also higher, but to a lesser extent. The values of LDH, CPK and GOT from CVP were much more variable. The correlation coefficients between these values from CVP were higher. Because CPK and LDH are highly concentrated in the muscle, the concomitant elevation of CPK, LDH and GOT activities from CVP could be caused by a leak of these enzymes from muscle cells disrupted by the inserted needle. No significant differences existed in total blood cells, hemoglobin and other biochemical parameters examined between blood samples obtained from either method. Thus the CD method is considered to be a practical and reliable method for blood biochemistry and hematology in fish toxicology.
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Takeo SAKAI, Masao HORIMOTO, Hitoshi GOTO
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
957-962
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Serum samples were collected from a total of 1339 cattle raised in the northern, central and southern regions of Japan during the years 1982-83, and their antibody titers against Japanese encephalitis virus were determined by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. Antibody prevalences were 59.7%(468/784) and 56.8%(179/315) in the central and southern regions, respectively, while only 2.1%(5/240) in the northern region. The distribution of positive reactors to the virus was limited to the southern regions in Spring but the positive cases appeared also in the northern regions in September.
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Masato UEHARA, Toshihiko UESHIMA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
963-970
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The chicken coccygeal cord consists of 5 segments, from the 37th to the 41st. The cord was gradually reduced in thickness toward the caudal end. The gray matter was found in segments 37 to 39, but its ventral and dorsal horns were distinguished only in segment 37. Only a few large motor neurons were found in segment 39. However, in segment 40 and in the rostral region of segment 41, there were located only small neurons. Degenerated never fiers were observed throughout the cord, probably degenerated spontaneously. In segment 41, which was avascular, the subependymal layer consisted largely of fibrous astrocytes heavily loaded with glycogen granules composing irregular clumps of various sizes, suggesting some relation between the avascularity and the heavy glycogen deposition. The caudal end of the central canal opened directly to the subarachnoid space, suggesting an active flow of the cerebrospinal fluid from the central canal to the subarachnoid space.
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Naoaki GOTO, Takeshi INOUE, Norio HIRANO, Akio SATO, Kosaku FUJIWARA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
971-977
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The pathogenicity of a small plaque mutant virus designated as MHV-2-CC derived from virulent mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), was tested in athymic and euthymic mice. After intraperitoneal inoculation with 2×10
5 PFU athymic nude mice died between 18 and 90 days postinoculation with degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, persistently active inflammatory response and proliferation of connectie tissue. The liver lesions were initiated with single cell necrosis or small necrotic foci, and viral antigen or virions were detectable within hepatocytes as early as 48 hr postinoculation. Virus titers in the liver were increased until 96 hr postinoculation and declined thereafter, but 10
3 PFU/0.2 g or more of the virus were still demonstrable 3 weeks after infection. The system of MHV-2-CC and athymic nude mice may provide a useful model for active chronic hepatitis in man.
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Hajime NAGAHATA, Hiroshi NODA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
979-985
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A new yeast ingestion method was developed to deplete the monocytes from bovine mononuclear cells (MNCs), and applied for the investigations of the monocyte-lymphocyte interactions as well as of the effects of chemical treatments such as indomethacin, 2-chloroadenosine and mitomycin C on lymphocyte blastogenesis. Blood was incubated with yeast solution (0.8-1×10
9/ml)(1/10 volumes) at 37°C for 1 hr, then lymphocytes were isolated by density centrifugation. Lymphocyte cell suspension contained 0.8±0.7% monocytes (mean±SD), and the yields of lymphocytes were 53% after yeast ingestion procedure. No apparent change was observed in the percentages of T and B cells after yeast ingestion. Depletion of monocytes from MNCs significantly suppressed blastogenesis of lymphocytes to the stimulation by concanavalin A, phytohemaggulutinin P or pokeweed mitogen. Incubation of MNCs with both concanavalin A and indomethacin greatly enhanced blastogenesis. 2-chloroadenosine and mitomycin C significantly suppressed blastogenic responses in cultures with MNCs. There results suggest that the monocyte-macrophage system as well as prostaglandin regulates the bovine lymphocyte blastogenic response.
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Fumihiro SUGIYAMA, Toshinori FURUKAWA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
987-994
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Feline or canine antithrombin III (AT III) was purified from plasma by salt precipitations and heparin-attached Sepharose CL-6B. For the isolation of canine AT III, an additional ion exchange chromatography was needed for the final purification. The two purified proteins showed similar characteristics with cellulose acetate, agarose, polyacrylamide gel or immunoelectrophoresis, having the molecular weight of approximately 62, 000. The isoelectric points were 4.70 and 4.75 for feline: 4.70, 4.75 and 4.80 for canine AT III. Thrombin inhibition activity of the purified proteins was reinforced in the presence of heparin. Anti-feline and anti-canine AT III sera formed precipitin lines against feline and canine plasma, but not against human, Japanese monkey, rat or mouse plasma. Concentrations of AT III and levels of heparin cofactor activity in plasma were measured by Laurell's electroimmuno assay and enzymatic assay technics, respectively. Values for feline plasma were: 0.50±0.1 (mean±standard deviation) g/l; 198.57±33.1 NIH U/ml; and for canine plasma: 0.49±0.1g/l; 178.51±26.0 NIH U/ml.
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Eisaburo DEGUCHI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
995-998
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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To investigate the utilization of NPN in cats, the
15N contents in the proteins of the blood serum, liver and muscle, and the
15N retention rate into the body were determined after the oral administration of
15N-urea and
15N-diamonium citrate to normal cats. The incorporation of
15N into these proteins was observed in all cats. The
15N retention rate into body was higher in cats given
15N-DAC than that in cats given
15N-urea.
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Jinkichi FUJITA, Soichi IMAI, Toshio ISHII, Tetsuo NUNOYA, Ken TAKAHAS ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
999-1002
Published: December 15, 1985
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Plural specimens of Setaria digitata were detected from the granulated nodules formed on the epicardium of cardiac ventricle of a Holstein cow. It may represent a very rare case of the heterotopic parasitism of this species.
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Masami MOCHIZUKI, Masao AKUZAWA, Hiroshi NAGATOMO
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
1003-1006
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Virological and mycoplasmological examinations of Iriomote cats (Prionailurus iriomotensis) were performed. Totally 11 cats which were clinically healthy were examined. Attempts to isolate cytopathic viruses, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas from swab samples of respiratory, rectal and urogenital sites came to be negative. Although no viral antibodies against major feline viruses except feline calicivirus (FCV) were detected, 80% of the cats had the neutralizing antibody against FCV to some degree.
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Seishi ISHINO, Yuji KONO, Hiroshi SENTSUI, Haruya YAMAMOTO, Izumi MATS ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
1007-1010
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A bullock which did not have bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antibody was inoculated with lymphocytes from BLV-infected cows. The lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood attained a peak of 52, 000 cells per μl of blood at 2 months after inoculation. Thereafter it decreased to 20, 000 cells per μl of blood. The bullock showed the persistent lymphocytosis and died of emaciation with posterior paresis at 44 months after inoculation. Histopathologically lymphosarcomatous lesions were present in the abomasum, heart and epidural fatty tissue of the spinal cord.
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Hiroshi FUKUSHIMA, Misao TSUBOKURA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
1011-1015
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Pigs were examined on one farm for carrier status of yersiniae during a 6-year period. The most predominant strain of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from pig feces was the new biotype 3B serotype 03 phage type II. It was suggested that the disappearance of biotype 4 serotype 03 and biotype 2 serotype 05, 27 strains from this farm may be dependent on the protection against the intra-intestinal re-settlement by biotype 3B setotype 03.
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Kinji SHIROTA, Kosaku FUJIWARA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
1017-1021
Published: December 15, 1985
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Autoimmune tubulo-interstitial nephritis was induced in guinea pigs two or three weeks after immunization with the canine tubular or glomerular basement membrane. There was interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells and formation of multinucleated giant cells associated with a linear deposition of IgG on the renal basement membranes. Seven days after serum transfer from the affected guinea pigs, one of three dogs developed glomerulonephritis and focal tubulo-interstitial lesions with a linear deposition of guinea pig IgG on the tubular and glomerular basement membranes.
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Junsuke SHIRAI, Mitsugu SHIMIZU, Akio FUKUSHO
1985 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
1023-1026
Published: December 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Diarrheal stools of an acute porcine gastroenteritis were examied by electron microscopy and inoculation into cell cultures. Two types of virus, coronavirus-like and calicivirus-like, were detected by direct electron microscopy, and cytopathogenic astrovirus-like virus was isolated in ESK cell cultures. This is the first report on the detection of calicivirus- and astrovirus-like viruses in porcine diarrhea in Japan, and on the isolation of cytopatogenic astrovirus-like virus in cell cultures.
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