The chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of developing chick embryos infected with artificially excysted sporozoites of Eimeria tenella, were dispersed with trypsin-versene. These cells were cultured in Leighton tubes and observed at different times after cultivation. In this experiment, a closed culture system was applied in place of the CO₂ gas phase system [7]. Results obtained were as follows. Schizogony: Five types of mature schizonts were found in cultured cells derived from CAM 3 to 6 days after inoculation. The morphological characters of these schizonts and merozoites coincided with those described by Long [7], though type 1 schizonts in this experiment were rather small in size (Fig. 1). Gametogony: All the developmental stages, including both sexual forms and oocysts, were found in cultured cells derived from CAM 4 to 6 days after inoculation. No attempts were made, however, to subinfect susceptible chickens with newly produced oocysts, for no sufficient number of materials could be harvested in this experiment.

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Caffeine was examined for the effect upon the running performance on a treadmill in two trained dogs. A preliminary experiment was performed to find out running speeds at which the steady adaptation to exercise was broken up. Runs of 15-minute duration at speeds of 220 and 235 m/min in dog 1 and at a speed of 160 m/min in dog 2 (at a grade of 0% in both dogs) were determined to be employed in an experiment with caffeine. Caffeine was administered intravenously at single doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg in the form of a mixture of caffeine and sodium benzoate. Runs were started 10 minutes after administration. Caffeine improved the running performance markedly at a strenuous work rate in dog 1, even at such a small dose as 2.5 mg/kg. On the contrary, it had an obscure performance-increasing effect on dog 2, even at such a large dose as 7.5 mg/kg, although the dog was placed on exercise at a much lower work rate than dog 1. The effect of caffeine would be evaluated only qualitatively, because of individual differences in this effect from dog to dog.

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On a modified NBGT medium, many strains were isolated from the feces of ten healthy dogs and identified according to the Manuals of Prevot and Buttiaux. 1) In dog feces, 10⁷∼10¹⁰ cells of Bacteroides and 10⁶∼10⁹ cells of Sphaerophorus were found per gram of feces. The former were more predominant than the latter. 2) Of the species of Bacteroides, B. uniformis was the most predominant and followed by B. convexus, B. distasonis B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgatus and B. exiguus. 3) Of the species of Sphaerophorus, Sph. necrophorus and Sph. gulosus were the most predominant. Some unidentified species, SPh. glycolyticus, Sph. freundii and Sph. pyogenes, were also found.

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The author investigated the susceptibility of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse) to infection with larval Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 by the oral inoculation of embryophores and by the intraperitoneal inoculation of protoscolices. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Nine out of 13 male and 15 out of 19 female golden hamsters were infected with the larval cestode by the oral inoculation. The resulting echinococcal foci showed an appearance of the nodule formation derived from the organization of dead larvae. Multilocular hydatid cysts, however, were recognized in two of seven cases 60 days after the inoculation. 2. All the animals, twelve male and nine female hamsters, were infected with larvae by the intraperitoneal inoculation. Initial brood capsules, a few mature protoscolices, and fully-developed cysts with many protoscolices were recognized 30, 60, and 100 days after the inoculation, respectively. In the central area of the focus, however, degenerated protoscolices could already be found in the 100-day cases. Fully-developed cysts could still be recognized 8 months after the inoculation. By that time many protoscolices had degenerated, and the calcification and cholesterin deposition had occurred in the necrotic area of the adventitial layer. Contrary to the results of experiments in the past, it can be concluded that multilocular cysts manifest rather progressed development in the golden hamster oraly inoculated with embryophores, and that this animal is highly susceptible to infection when intraperitoneally inocuIated with protoscolices.

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To establish reliable criteria for the depth of fluothane anesthesia in dogs, an electroencephalogram (EEG) and several physiological responses were recorded simultaneously. EEG was recorded from four points on the cerebral dura mater. Respiration, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram, electromyogram (EMG) in the neck muscle, and blood pressure were recorded simultaneously together with the EEG. Anesthesia was induced with 4% fluothane in a closed system. Six distinct levels were defined as follows. Level I: This level was the induction stage. The resting fast-frequency and low-amplitude rhythm was replaced by a rhythm slower in frequency (15 to 30 Hz) and higher in amplitude (20 to 70μV). Level II: The characteristic of this level was the appearance of spindling burst waves with a frequency of 13 to 25 Hz. Level III: This level was the period of light anesthesia. Predominant waves showed a frequency of 5 to 13 Hz and an amplitude of 50 to 200μV. Level IV: The predominant waves decreased in frequency. All the fast waves disappeared completely. Generally, EEG waves had a tendency to flatten. This level corresponded to the period of deep anesthesia. Level V: The frequency of slow waves was 2 to 7 Hz. The amplitude of waves tended to be low. Sometimes EEG showed a short burst suppression. Level VI: This level was the period of long apnea. EEG showed a flat pattern. From the results of the present work, it was concluded that the changes of EEG were closely related to the depth of anesthesia and physiological changes in dogs anesthetized with fluothane.

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Dogs were used to record the electromyographic (EMG) activity of fifty skeletal muscles and 16-mm motion pictures in the treadmill galloping and a cyclogram in a level-ground galloping. Based on the results obtained, discussion was made on the movement of the limbs in walk, trot, and gallop. Gallop is an asymmetrical gait. A trailing limb and a leading one were proved to have essentially the same movement, though the movement of the axial skeleton produced some differences between them. Each limb had essentially the same movement throughout the gaits: walk, trot, and gallop. Of course, each gait seemed different at a glance and had actually different EMG activity patterns and change of joint angles. These differences were, however, decorated by the speed of locomotion and the movement of the axial skeleton of each gait. Just before landing, the hind limb which landed on the ground nearest to the vertical line drawn from the center of gravity of the body might make the structure as a weight-bearing bracer which also operated as a lever. The fore limb which landed on the ground most apart from this vertical line might do that after landing. The fore limb might play a more important role as a balancer than a propeller.

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The distribution of ^115mcadmium and its transfer to the egg were investigated in laying Japanese quail. Furthermore, the influence of estrogens on the tissue uptake of ^115mcadmium was analyzed in adult male quail. Whole-body sections of a laying quail were prepared. Autoradiograms were made in birds killed 1, 24, 48, 96, 192 and 384 hours after a single injection of ^115mcadmium chloride. During the first 48 hours following the injection, high concentrations of ^115mcadmium were detected in the liver, kidney, pancreas, proventriculus, uterus and small intestine. Of these organs, the liver, kidney, proventriculus and pancreas maintained a high level of ^115mcadmium for at least 384 hours. Minute amounts of ^115mcadmium were detectable in the peripheral parts of the ova, forming a narrow ring in the autoradiograms. No further accumulation was observed when the ova were in the growing phase. The secretion of ^115mcadmium into the proventricular or uterine cavity was scarce. The high concentrations of ^115mcadmium in the intestinal wall and contents suggested that cadmium is excreted mainly into feces via the intestinal tract. In eggs laid, ^115mcadmium was detected only in the yolk. Its amount in the yolk was the highest in the second egg and decreased afterwards in the increasing order of oviposition sequence. The amount of the second egg was 0.21 percent of the given. In the male quail after estrogenization, the concentration of ^115mcadmium increased in the femur and decreased in the liver, whole blood, and blood corpuscle, but was not affected at all in the kidney or blood plasma. These effects were dependent on the dose of estradiol benzoate. The cumulative contents of ^115mcadmium in feces and urine for 192 hours were 28.42±0.73(mean±standard error) percent of the dose given in laying quail, 25.83±0.91 percent in untreated males, and 27.8±0.63 percent in estrogenized males. It appeared that the increased uptake of cadmium in the femur by the estrogenization was roughly parallel with the formation of intramedullary bone.

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The origin and insertion are described and illustrated for the muscles of the thoracic limb in the pigeon. The details are shown in Tables 1-2 and Figs. 1-4.

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Twenty-eight cases of feline lymphosarcomatosis encountered in the Tokyo area from 1964 to 1972 were studied pathologically. According to localization of tumor masses, they were divided into, the thoracic, abdominal, and mixed forms. Eighteen cases of the thoracic form had a tumor mass 5 cm or over in diameter in the anterior part of the mediastinum in the thorax. In this form, tumors appearing in other organs never exceeded 2 cm in diameter. In 8 cases of the abdominal form, tumor masses 5 to 10 cm in diameter were found in the liver, spleen, kidney, duodenum, jejunum, pancreas, spermatic cord and lymph nodes. The mixed form comprising only 2 cascs had tumor masses more than 5 cm in diameter in the mediastinum, as well as in the renal and jejunal lymph nodes. Histologically, the tumor consisted mainly of large immature lymphoid cells with a distinct nucleolus and relatively poor cytoplasm in all the cases, except two which had tumors consisting predominantly of small mature lymphoid cells. The so-called starry-sky pattern was marked in either affected lymph nodes or tumor masses of the mediastinum. In any case there was no marked proliferation of argyrophile fibers.

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This paper deals with the first outbreak of epizootic brucellosis that was recognized in Japan. Abortion occurred to 37 pregnant bitches in a Beagle breeding colony during a period from August, 1971 to August, 1972. Orchitis, scrotal dermatitis, or testicular atrophy was observed in 5 males during that period. Sixteen males and 116 females in this colony were diagnosed as infected with Brucella canis on the basis of either positive culture of the peripheral blood or a serum agglutinin titer of 1:400 or over. In particular, 33 of the 7 females involved in abortion were proved to be infected, as well as 41 of 330 pups born during a period from March to December, 1972. All the pups delived from non-infected dams and sires; however, were proved to be non-infected. The disease was successfully eradicated from the breeding colony after six months owing to the elimination of infected dogs by monthly tests to check Br. canis and antibody against it. Eleven persons working in contact with the infected dogs or at the laboratory were all negative for bacteriological and serological tests. This epizootic was considered to have been originated from a few infected ones of 150 dogs imported for breeding from a breeder in the United States.

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