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Hiroyuki SASAKI, Takao NISHIDA, Hisako FUJIMURA, Koshi MOCHIZUKI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
425-435
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The fine structure of the paracloacal vascular body of the male guinea fowl, Numida meleagris was investigated using the scanning and the transmission electron microscopes. The paracloacal vascular body in the male guinea fowl was composed of a capsule, peripheral and internal lymphatic sinuses, trabeculae and capillary cords. The interstitial tissue of the capillary cords contained arterioles, venules, collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and nerve endings. The capillary endothelial cell contained pinocytotic pits and vesicles, exocytotic pits and vesibles, marginal vacuoles, cytoplasmic fenestrations and leaky intercellular spaces, in which numerous reaction products of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were recognized. It was confirmed that the ability for transport was more active in endothelial cell of the capillary, than that in the arteriole and venule. Numerous HRP particles were detected in the lumen and the luminal surface of the lymphatic sinus, arteriole and capillary. These results suggest that the lymph carried by the arterioles may diffuse into interstitial tissue, across the capillary wall and may be brought into the copulatory apparatus through internal and peripheral lymphatic sinuses.
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Noboru MURAKAMI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
437-442
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In order to examine further the existence of factors contributing to the circadian adrenocortical rhythm, blood corticosterone response to ACTH was determined in the morning and in the evening, using rats pretreated with dexamethasone and Nembutal. By the treatment with dexamethasone at 1300 h for 2 days, plasma ACTH was decreased to nondetectable levels, and the daily variations of blood corticosterone levels were abolished. Adrenal corticosterone content was also minimized. In these rats, following a single injection of 2 or 20 mIU ACTH, a significant increase of blood corticosterone level was observed and this response was greater in the evening than in the morning. An addition of the serum obtained from the rat in the evening and freed both ACTH and corticdsterone augmented the responsiveness of cultured adrenal cells to ACTH. This ACTH potentiating effect was not detectable in the serum obtained in the morning. In intact rats, the evening levels of plasma ACTH showed a large individual variation. And the ACTH mean level was higher in the evening than in the morning. The following conclusion was drawn; 1) adrenocortical response to ACTH is augmented by humoral factors other than ACTH. 2) however, peak of circadian adrenocortical rhythm may be brought about mainly by pulsatile secretion of ACTH in the evening.
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Naohisa ISEGAWA, Kunio DOI, Takeo MIZUTANI, Akira OZAKI, Tsutomu OWADA ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
443-451
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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For the successful production of atherosclerosis, 12-week-old male rats (SHR/NCrj) were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks with or without vitamin D
2 (VD) supplement at an initial stage, and clinical and pathological observations of them were carried out. No animals showed clinically abnormal appearence throughout the experimental period. The level of final blood pressure of the rats treated with VD was higher than that of rats untreated with VD or control rats fed normal diet. The levels of total cholesterol and β-lipoprotein of rats fed the diet with or without VD were about three times higher than those of controls. Treatment-related arterial lesions were detected only in rats with VD supplement. In the aorta, intimal fibromuscular plaques and medial sclerosis with calcification were prominent, and marked and irregular proliferation of smooth muscle cells were observed in the intima and media of the mesenteric artery with accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and lipids. Panarteritis nodosa was frequent in some of the same artery.
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Yoshiaki HANZAWA, Chiaki OKA, Naotaka ISHIGURO, Gihei SATO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
453-457
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Eighty-eight (49%) of 179 drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from piggery waste carried conjugative R plasmids, of which 16 were thermo-sensitive, and so did 19 (27%) of 70 resistant strains from dairy farm waste, of which two were thermo-sensitive. Forty-nine conjugative R plasmids (37 from swine and 12 from bovine E. coli) were tested for incompatibility and fertility inhibition. Twenty-seven of them were classified into 11 incompatibility groups [Iα(7), H1(6), H2(3), FII(2), N(2), FIV(2), FI(1), B(1), K(1), P(1) and X(1)]. Those derived from swine samples were distributed in more different Inc groups (10 groups) than those from bovine samples (3 groups).
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Naoaki GOTO, Masaya TAKAOKA, Norio HIRANO, Kimimasa TAKAHASHI, Kosaku ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
459-465
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Subacute or chronic neuropathogenicity of a mutant mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), JHMcc, derived from DBT cell cultures persistently infected with MHV-JHM was studied in 4-week-old ICR mice. After intracerebral inoculation with 10
5 PFU of the virus, 80% of mice survived for 4 weeks, whereas the original MHV-JHM killed in a few days all mice inoculated with the same dose. The JHMcc titer of the brain reached a peak 4 or 5 days after infection and was still 10
3 PFU/0.2 g 10 days postinoculation. The virus-specific antigen was detected in neurons of the cerebral cortex and the medulla oblongata 4 weeks postinoculation. At an early stage of infection, moderate inflammation was produced in the cerebral cortex, whereas severe demyelination became distinct after degenerative and necrotic changes had subsided. Most of the mice surviving for 4 weeks postinoculation showed extensive demyelination and remyelination. These findings suggest that persistent infection of MHV-JHMcc in vivo may be established and that inflammatogenic effect and demyelination may be caused by different clones of MHV-JHM.
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Kozo TAKASE, Hiroshi NISHIKAWA, Nobuhiko KATSUKI, Shinji YAMADA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
467-473
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Pathological characteristics of six reoviruses, strains 56-168, 57-F, 56-93L, 57-161, 56-256T3 and 57-162 isolated from leg-tendon materials, were compared upon infection of day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks by the footpad or oral routes. The chicks were examined for clinical signs, body weight, gross lesions of footpad, microscopic lesions of tendon sheaths, virus recovery and AGP antibodies after inoculation. An apparent leg-weakness or lameness was not produced throughout the experiment by any reovirus inoculation, while growth retardation and abnormal feathering were observed mainly in footpad inoculated chicks. Considerable variations in the gross and microscopic lesions and virus recovery rates were recognized among six reoviruses. Strains 56-168, 57-F and 56-93L produced distinct tenosynovitis by either footpad or oral inoculations, moreover, they were recovered from the lesions at 35 days of age. Strain 57-162 could not induce tenosynovitis by not only oral but also footpad inoculation.
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Akira SAWATA, Katsumi KUME, Toyotsugu NAKAI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
475-486
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Relationship between anticapsular antibody and protective activity of a capsular antigen of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype HA-1 strain 221 was investigated. A capsular antigen was extracted from encapsulated organisms of the hi variant by various procedures. Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test was used for detecting anticapsular antibodies. The IHA antibodies against a formalin-saline-extracted and phenol-treated antigen prepared with hi variant (hi-FSEx-P antigen) were specifically found in hi-NT antisera prepared from nontreated (NT) antigens of hi variant, and IHA activity of the antibodies found in hi-NT antiserum was specifically inhibited by the hi-FSEx-P antigen. The capsular antigen was found to be heat-stable and hyaluronidase-resistant. Chicks injected intravenously with hi-FSEx-P antigen produced anticapsular antibodies, and protection against the challenge exposure with 221-hi organisms was not observed in these chicks despite the presence of IHA antibodies. The results showed that protective activity of H. paragallinarum dose not reside in a capsular antigen, and that anticapsular antibody formation significantly depends on a route of injection and on ages of chicks.
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Yasuhiko HORIGUCHI, Shunji KOZAKI, Genji SAKAGUCHI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
487-491
Published: August 15, 1984
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The agglutination test with latex beads sensitized with antitoxic-component immunoglobulin was evaluated in detection of botulinum type A, B and E toxins. The test detects 4-8 ng/ml of toxin and no cross-reaction was observed among type A, B and E toxins. The minimum detectable amount by reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) of crude toxin in culture did not differ from that of purified toxin. The toxin produced in beef was also detectable by RPLA. Beef extract did not interfere with specific agglutination of latex beads. The RPLA test may be useful for routine laboratory tests for botulinum toxin.
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Yoshinori YAMAGA, Kimehiko TOO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
493-503
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Two-dimensional (linear scanning) and M-mode echocardiography in normal cattle, horses, goats and dogs were examined to obtain fundamental information for clinical application. The cardiac window, which allows penetration of the ultrasound beam, was defined in the left and right 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces near the olecranon in cattle, goats and dogs, and in the area above the olecranon of the 4th and 5th spaces in horses. It was possible to identify the cardiac valves, cavities and walls, and to observe their configuration and motion by both methods. In particular, in cattle and horses, using real time two-dimensional imaging, in spite of the impossibility of observing the short-axis view due to ribs, it was relatively easy to visualize the morphology and movement of the intracardiac structures, and it was easy to choose the location and direction of the probe for M-mode imaging. However, obtaining the typical M-mode echotardiograms of cardiac valves was not as easy as that of the ventricles, especially in cows, in which the ossa cordis seemed to have an effect on imaging of the mitral and aortic valves. After observing the two-dimensional long-axis echocardiogram from the cardiac window of each structure, manipulation of the probe according to the tomogram readily produced the M-mode tracing of the target structure.
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Kanji MATSUI, Shigeru SUGANO, Izumi MASUYAMA, Akio AMADA, Yasuhiko KAN ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
505-510
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Alteration of the heart rate through fetal, newborn and young stages were traced in Thoroughbred horses, ponies and Holstein cows. The heart rate in these fetal animals progressively decreased with the advance in gestation. After birth, the heart rate of newborns increased temporarily to a higher level but soon started to decrease and gradually reached their respective adult levels at about 4 to 5months of age. Using newbom pony foals whose heart rate were decreasing with the advance in age, we examined the effect of atropine and/or propranolol on their heart rate. The heart rate decreased significantly after the injection of propranolol, whereas it increased significantly after the injection of atropine. With the advance in age, the magnitude of the heart rate change by atropine became progressively larger, whereas that by propranolol became progressively smaller. In their dams, the heart rate did not alter after the injection of propranolol, whereas it increased significantly after the injection of atropine. A marked difference in the response to propranolol was found between newborn foals and their dams. The heart rate in newborn foals and dams increased significantly after a combined injection of atropine and propranolol and the heart rate after this treatment was significantly slower in the dams than in the newborn foals.
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Hisao YONAMINE, Hikozo ICHIKI, Masaaki HAMAKAWA, Tetsu SHIMABUKURO, Ma ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
511-518
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In fifty three mongrel dogs transferred from the Okinawa animal control center to our laboratory, Babesia organisms were tempted out for detection by splenectomy and dexamethazone administration. As a result, 11 strains of Babesia organisms were detected in 10 dogs, 7 strains were large and resembled B. canis, and 4 were small resembling B. gibsoni. The blood drawn from the dog most heavily infected with the large parasites was inoculated into 3 healthy mongrel dogs, and the heaviest parasitemia drawn from these three dogs was prepared in liquid nitrogen. This prepared blood was inoculated into a beagle designated C-11. In turn its blood, once confirmed to be infected, was inoculated into beagle C-12. Infected blood drawn from C-12 was passaged to a third beagle designated as C-13. C-12 was subsequently inoculated with B. gibsoni after the large parasites had disappeared from its peripheral blood. Serial examinations were continued until the dog's death. IFA testing was done on the sera of the inoculated beagles both prior to inoculation, and after the appearance of parasites in the peripheral blood. Sera from C-11 and blood smears containing large parasites were sent to Dr. Ristic, for identification. From data obtained in this research, and Dr. Ristic's independent results, the large parasites detected by us from dogs on Okinawa Island were concluded to B. canis.
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Hitoshi GOTO, Toshihiro HIRANO, Eiji UCHIDA, Kiyoka WATANABE, Morikazu ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
519-526
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The properties of canine parvovirus (CPV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) were compared by means of physicochemical treatments, biological tests, and experimental infection of domestic dogs and cats or specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats. No distinct difference between CPV and FPLV was observed in their physicochemical properties. The difference between CPV and FPLV in range of host cells and in hemagglutination could be confirmed in this study. Moreover, CPV was inactivated by heating at 80°C for one hour as compared to the inactivation of FPLV at 80°C for 2 hours. The physical map of CPV differed from that of FPLV at both ends of DNA digested with Bgl II and Hind III, though the 2 fragments in central part were common to the viruses. Experimental infection of domestic dogs with CPV or FPLV and domestic cats with CPV produced clinical signs of the disease, while the CPV-inoculated SPF cats did not show any symptoms. However, all the experimental animals, with or without clinical signs, produced hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to the virus.
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Takanori HARADA, Keizo MAITA, Yoshitsugu ODANAKA, Yasuhiko SHIRASU
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
527-532
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Quercetin and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were given at a 1% dietary concentration to male Syrian golden hamsters exposed to cigarette smoke for a period of 13 weeks to study effects of the antioxidants on smoke inhalation toxicity. In comparison with the smoke-exposed controls, the quercetin-supplemented hamsters showed slightly improved body weight gain and food efficiency and a significant inhibition of thickening of the laryngeal mucosa, whereas BHT treatment resulted in marked growth retardation and significant depletion of liver vitamin A level. These results indicate that quercetin but not BHT may have some ameliorative effects on the biological damage elicited by cigarette smoke.
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Toshiro IZUCHI, Takeshi MIYAMOTO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
533-539
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Efficacy of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) live virus vaccine was determined in combination with Newcastle disease (ND) or infectious bronchitis (IB) live virus vaccine by ocular administration to chickens. As for the ILT and IB vaccines, the efficacy of each vaccine was not altered even if both vaccines were inoculated simultaneously. On the contrary, when ILT vaccine was administered simultaneously or contiguously with ND vaccine to young chickens, the marked suppression was observed in ILT immunization. Significant immunosuppression occurred when ILT vaccine was inoculated during the period between 3 days before and 5 days after vaccination with ND vaccine in chickens younger than 5 weeks of age. It did not occur, however, in chickens older than 7 weeks of age or having antibody against ND virus enough to protect growth of the ND virus. These facts show that careful attention must be paid when ILT and ND live virus vaccines are administered to young chickens.
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Takashi YOSHIKAWA, Takaaki YAMAMURA, Hiroyasu YOSHIKAWA, Toshifumi OYA ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
541-547
Published: August 15, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Enzyme histochemical activities of adenosin triphosphatase (ATPase) and acid phosphatase (AcPase) were studied on the superficial cervical lymph nodes in 18 cattle of bovine leukosis ( 12 adult form, 3 calf form, 3 thymic form). Similar tissues from 5 healthy cattle served as controls. ATPase gave a brown positive reaction corresponding to the lymphocyte membrane in the B lymphocyte dependent area. In cytoplasms of lymphocyte in the paracortex of T lymphocyte dependent area, accumulation of dark-brown granules indicating AcPase activity was noted. In 10 leukemic cattle of adult form, the neoplastic cells definitely revealed ATPase activity. Neoplastic cells of 6 cattle of thymic and calf form rarely revealed ATPase activity, and all exhibited specific reactions by the accumulation of AcPase positive granules. Accumulation of AcPase positive granules was demonstrated as clustered dense body electron microscopically.
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Kunitoshi MITSUMORI, Keizo MAITA, Yasuhiko SHIRASU
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
549-557
Published: August 15, 1984
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Four groups of 56 Sprague-Dawley SPF rats of both sexes were maintained on diets containing 0, 0.4, 2 or 10 ppm methylmercury chloride (MMC) for 130 weeks to examine the pathological changes in the chronic toxicity of this compound. Sixteen males and 12 females of the 10 ppm group were affected by the toxic peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by loss of nerve cells in the spinal ganglion and nerve fiber degeneration in the spinal dorsal root, spinal dorsal funiculus and distal peripheral nerve. There were no histological changes in the cerebrum and cerebellum from the animals of any treated groups. Toxic changes in the renal proximal tubular epithelium were observed in the 2 and 10 ppm groups of either sex. Such changes were more prominent in the 10 ppm group, and were followed by subsequent interstitial fibrosis after 64 weeks. The animals with these severe renal lesions frequently showed hyperparathyroidism. In addition, there were significantly increased incidences of hepatic bile duct hyperplasia, splenic hemosiderosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis in males, and polyarteritis nodosa in females of the 10 ppm group. The tumor incidence was not altered by the feeding of MMC.
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Kunio DOI, Naohisa ISEGAWA, Akira YASOSHIMA, Tomotari MITSUOKA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
559-564
Published: August 15, 1984
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Electron microscopic observation was carried out on the aortic arch of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with high-cholesterol diet-feeding and vitamin D
2-loading. In the control SHRs, intimal and medial thickening probably responsible to persistent hypertension was observed. The upper subendothelial portion of the thickened intima consisted primarily of densely packed basement membrane-like materials while the deeper portion mainly of abundant elastic fibers accompanying so-called modified smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Medial thickening appeared to be brought about by increase in collagen and elastic fibers around modified SMCs. On the other hand, in the treated SHRs, the almost all areas of the thickened intima were occupied by abundant elastic fibers and SMCs and therefore it exhibited appearance of more mature fibromuscular thickening in comparison with that of the control SHRs. Necrosis and destruction of SMCs with calcification were observed in the media and interstitial collagen and elastic bundles around calcific mass were loosened and dissociated with deposition of lipids, calcium salts and cellular debris.
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Yoshiko MOTOI, Yohko KIMURA, Hisatsugu WAKAMATSU, Koichi SHIMBAYASHI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
565-569
Published: August 15, 1984
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Mucopolysaccharides concentrations in blood and urine and some enzyme activities in their metabolism were determined in cattle with laminitis. Acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) concentrations in blood and urine and the activity of blood N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase were higher in the affected cattle than in controls, suggesting the abnormal metabolism of mucopolysaccharides in the hoofs with laminitis.
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Yasuho TAURA, Nobuo SASAKI, Ryohei NISHIMURA, Fumihito OHASHI, Akira T ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
571-576
Published: August 15, 1984
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A survey study was carried out on the incidence and the severity of ulceric lesions on articular cartilages distal to carpal and tarsal joints in Japanese Black beef cattle.
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Katsuya HIRAI, Hiroko NONAKA, Hideto FUKUSHI, Seigo SHIMAKURA, Toshiak ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
577-582
Published: August 15, 1984
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The outbreak of a feather abnormality known as "French molt" in young budgerigars was observed in a commercial breeding aviary. The disease of young birds (3 to 4 week of age) was characterized by the loss of flight and tail feathers. A papovavirus-like agent was isolated from the skin tissues, and liver and spleen specimens of 20 affected birds. Viral antigen was present in all sections of skin and kidney from affected birds.
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Kan-ichi OHSHIMA, Naoko MORIMOTO, Yuichi KAGAWA, Shigeru NUMAKUNAI, Te ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
583-586
Published: August 15, 1984
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Seventy calves born to the cows infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were examined periodically for the maternal antibodies to BLV. Antibodies to BLV were negative in all of 22 except one calves examined at precolostrum stage, but they converted into positive 24hrs postcolostrum. Most of the 70 calves being positive in the antibodies to BLV at the postcolostrum stage converted into negative within 2 to 6 months of age, and only in five (7.1%) remained positive after 6 months of age.
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Masami MOCHIZUKI, Showko HIDA, Shih-wei HSUAN, Heiji SATO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
587-592
Published: August 15, 1984
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Seventy canine fecal samples were examined by several laboratory methods for establishing a proper diagnostic test for canine parvovirus (CPV) infection. Immune electron microscopy (IEM) was a very reliable laboratory tool for diagnosis of canine viral enteritis, but in the CPV enteric infection, fecal hemagglutination and subsequent hemagglutination-inhibition tests with a reference immune serum were comparable to IEM in respect of specificity, rapidity and expense. Picornavirus-like or astrovirus-like particles were also detected in some samples.
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Nobuyuki TSUCHIMOTO, Mikio SUGANO, Yasuro ATOJI, Yoshitaka SUZUKI, Mak ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
593-596
Published: August 15, 1984
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This study shows that the Japanese serow, one of the wild bovidae in Japan, has the zygomatic salivary gland similar to that of some carnivores. This gland is located inside the zygomatic arch on either side, lying on the ventro-lateral part of the periorbita. Two or three ducts of this gland open at the surface of the buccal membrane near the root of the last upper molar tooth. Histological observation reveals that the gland of this species is predominantly serous in nature, unlike that of carnivores.
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Shigeru SATO, Yushi ISHIKAWA, Kan-ichi OHSHIMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
597-600
Published: August 15, 1984
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Pathological examination was performed on a case of undifferentiated astrocytoma in a cow, which showed evident symptoms due to disturbances of central nervous system. The hen's egg-sized and well demarcated neoplastic tissue located in the convex part of the right parietal lobe in the cerebrum. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells were pleomorphic, fusiform or polygonal in shape and varied in size. Many cytoplasmic projections and proliferated glial fibers were noted.
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Kunio DOI, Naohisa ISEGAWA, Akira YASOSHIMA, Tomotari MITSUOKA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages
601-605
Published: August 15, 1984
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Electron microscopy revealed that panarteritis in the mesenteric arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with high-cholesterol diet-feeding and vitamin D
2-loading might be produced by fibrin insudation and leukocytic infiltration in some segments of the arteries which showed thickening of wall due to marked proliferation of modified smooth muscle cells with partial cytoplasmic degeneration in response to the vascular damage by hypercalcemia.
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