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Masami MOCHIZUKI, Ruriko SAMESHIMA, Mizuyo ATA, Kyoko MINAMI, Keiji OK ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
531-538
Published: August 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Rotavirus RS 15 strain isolated from canine diarrheal feces was investigated to reveal its properties and relationship with other rotaviruses, which were human Wa, bovine Shimane and porcine S80 strains. With the aid of trypsin RS 15 strain grew in cell lines of MA 104 and MDCK cells and the virus was reisolated from the same fecal sample in both cell cultures. The other 3 strains also grew well in MA 104 cell culture, and only Wa strain of them showed positive growth in MDCK cell culture. Strain RS 15 specifically agglutinated erythrocytes from various animal species. The genomic patterns of RS 15 strain revealed a typical electropherotype of the genus Rotavirus. Strain RS 15 was identical with Wa and Shimane strains but not with S80 strain when determined by complement-fixation test. A partial cross antigenicity was observed between RS 15 and Wa strains, however, they were distinct from Shimane or S80 strains by plaque reduction neutralization test.
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Toshiho NISHITA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
539-547
Published: August 15, 1985
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A polymorphic form of the equine muscle carbonic anhydrase (CA-III) was isolated from two kinds of horses, characterized and designated as CA-III
a. Immunologic reactivity, amino acid composition and molecular weight of CA-III
a were similar to those of CA-III. However, CA-III
a was immunochemically distinct from CA-1 or CA-II of equine blood carbonic anhydrase. The major differences between CA-III
a and CA-III were their electrophoretic mobilities, isoelectric points and specific activities. When CA-III
a was alkylated with iodoacetamide under non-denaturing condition, 2 mol of carboxymethylcysteine (CMC) was formed from one mol of the enzyme, suggesting that two cysteine residues is located on the surface of the molecule. The titrations of the enzymes with DTNB under denaturing condition showed that one mol of CA-III and CA-III
a contained 1.7 and 0.9 mol, respectively, of sulfhydryl group. Thg acidic components released from the purified CA-III
a had the amino acid composition of cysteic acid (0.63 nmol), glycine (0.85 nmol), and glutamic acid (1.56 nmol). The electrophoretic mobility of CA-III was not changed by mixing with reduced glutathione in vitro, suggesting that CA-III binds with glutathione in vivo and is converted into acidic form designated as CA-III
a.
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Isao NARAMA, Mariko NAGATANI, Minoru TSUCHITANI, Haruhisa INAGAKI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
549-555
Published: August 15, 1985
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Hepatic myelolipomas were found in four Goeldi's monkeys (Callimico goeldii) from a small colony originated from 3 animals imported from South America and sustained in Monkey Center of Japan, and the histological features were compared with the hepatic extramedullary foci of hemopoiesis in the fetus or newborn monkeys of this species. The histological features were analogous to those of myelolipomas of the liver, spleen or adrenals in other animals and man. The cause of the relatively high incidence of this rare lesion in these monkeys remains nuclear, but, the close genetic background and identical environmental conditions, including diet are mentioned as possible pathogenic factors.
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Kunihiro SHINAGAWA, Naonori MATSUSAKA, Hirotaka KONUMA, Hiroshi KURATA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
557-565
Published: August 15, 1985
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The culture filtrates of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from diarrheal-type and vomiting-type food poisoning outbreaks were examined for their enterotoxigenicity, vascular permeability-enhancing (VP) activity and mouse lethality. Seven of nine diarrheal strains were starch-hydrolysis positive; all vomiting ones were negative. All diarrheal strains elicited VP reaction; the vomiting strains did not. The mouse lethal activity of the diarrheal strains paralleled the VP activity; such was not the case with the vomiting strains. The culture filtrates of four diarrheal strains among eight and none of vomiting strains caused fluid accumulation in the mouse ileal loop. The concentrated (50-fold) culture filtrates of five diarrheal strains of eight caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops; only three of 21 vomiting strains did so.
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Kozo TAKASE, Hiroshi NISHIKAWA, Fujio NONAKA, Shinji YAMADA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
567-574
Published: August 15, 1985
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The pathogenic characteristics of avian reovirus strain 58-132, which was isolated from a chicken with tenosynovitis, were investigated. Strain 58-132 killed 100% of chickens by subcutaneous inoculation at day-old with 10
2.7 or more plaque forming units (PFU) per bird, and the 50% lethal dose of the virus was 10
0.8 PFU. By oral inoculation at day-old, high mortality was also observed. Moreover, age-dependent development of tenosynovitis in orally inoculated chickens was recognized. Tenosynovitis was reproduced in chickens that received the virus orally at 14 days or younger, but not at 21 or 28-day-old. Growth retardation was observed significantly in virus inoculated birds. Contact transmission was confirmed with evidences of microscopic lesions, virus recovery and antibody production in contact chickens.
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Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Yoshihide SASAKI, Katsuya ISHIHARA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
575-580
Published: August 15, 1985
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To elucidate the relationship between intravascular hemolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in dogs with dirofilarial hemoglobinuria (venae cavae syndrome), blood coagulation test and histopathologic examination were carried out. Blood caogulation test results in most of 21 dogs were within the normal ranges, but a few cases showed decrease in platelet counts, slight prolongation or shortening of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, slight increase or decrease of fibrinogen level, significant increase of factor VIII level and slight increase of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products. However, no cases showed clearly the so-called "consumptive coagulopathy" and "secondary activation of fibrinolysis" in blood coagulation tests. Histopathologically, the thrombi existed in the middle and large arteries of the lung in 9 of 15 cases, in the middle and large veins of the liver in 2 cases, and in the kidney in 1 case. However, no thrombi were found in capillaries or glomerulus. Typical DIC was not seen. Therefore, it seems that DIC is not the principal cause of intravascular hemolysis in this disease.
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Masao OHTOMO, Kouichi YAMAZAKI, Shingo ITO, Kameo SHIMURA, Shinya SHIM ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
581-587
Published: August 15, 1985
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The effects of tetrocarcin-A (TC-A) in intravenous administration were studied in calves which had been infected, naturally or experimentally, with Theileria sergenti. The doses of the drug used were 0.32 to 6.4 mg/kg (body weight). No effect was detected when the drug was administered 3 times at a dose of 0.32 mg/kg. Prasitemia was decreased, but the level did not reach to negative even when 3 doses at 3.2 mg/kg were given. The drug was effective at a dose of 6.4 mg/kg and negative parasitemia was maintained for at least 10 days when the calf was given 2 administrations. The negative parasitemia was maintained for at least 32 days when the calf was given 3 doses.
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Yasuyuki NAKAJIMA, Kikuyasu NAKAMURA, Shotaro TAKEUCHI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
589-595
Published: August 15, 1985
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Hepatic lesions produced by intravenous inoculation of intact Fusobacterium were compared with those produced by its extracted components in mice. Coagulative necrosis along with bacterial emboli in the sinusoid developed into true abscess within 7 days after the intact bacterial inoculation. Serositis was produced by the cell wall fraction. Hepatic degeneration and necrosis and abnormalities in blood coagulation were observed by inoculation with either the lipopolysaccharide or the cytoplasmic fraction. Fluorescent antigens corresponding to F.necrophorum, the lipopolysaccharide or the cytoplasmic fractions were observed in the sinusoid.
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Kanji MATSUI, Shigeru SUGANO, Izumi MASUYAMA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
597-601
Published: August 15, 1985
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Fifty-nine recordings of fetal and maternal heart rate (FHR and MHR) were made from 10 pregnant Thoroughbred mares. Each recording lasted for an average of 20 min. The heart rate was calculated at an interval of 10 sec from beat to beat using the R or S wave of the fetal electrocardiograms as the indicator of each heart-beat. FHR was classified into the baseline FHR and the FHR acceleration, the latter of which was a brief tachycardia occasionally observed. The baseline FHR decreased logarithmically with the advance in gestational period, while the mean MHR increased. The frequency and the magnitude of the FHR acceleration increased at the later period of gestation, suggesting the development of fetal body movements.
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Toshiro ARAI, Minoru SASAKI, Yoshio OKI, Kajuro KOMEDA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
603-610
Published: August 15, 1985
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In Microtus arvalis Pallas, new born voles were fostered to JCR mice and supplied with pellets for mice containing little fiber after weaning. High concentrations of glycosuria accompanied with hyperglycemia were induced in about 50% of voles supplied with pellets for mice. In the glycosuric voles, the fermentation ability and pH of the contents in the forestomach lowered considerably, and large amounts of starch in the diet were considered to be transported to the pyloric stomach without being fermented in the forestomach, and hydrolyzed into glucose to be absorbed in the duodenum. In normal control voles, insulin secretory response to a glucose load was similar to that in mice. In the slight diabetic voles, the plasma insulin levels rose over 200 μU/ml and the insulin secretory response to glucose was remained. But in the serious diabetic voles, the plasma insulin levels lowered under 10 μU/ml and the insulin secretory response was almost absent. According to immunohistochemical studies on pancreatic islet B cells, partial degranulation were observed at the slight diabetic stage. However, at the serious diabetic stage, degranulation and vacuolation of B cells became pronounced. These results clearly indicated that in herbivorous voles, alimentary diabetes were induced by lowering of the fermentation ability in the forestomach and the diabetic voles fell into complete insulin deficiency at the serious stage.
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Junichi KAWANO, Hiroshi YAMAMOTO, Akira SHIMIZU, Shige KIMURA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
611-616
Published: August 15, 1985
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Detergents (Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, sodium dodecylsulfate, and sodium deoxycholate) were used for extraction of fluke antigens of Japanese Fasciola sp. to simplify the preparation of antigens for the double immunodiffusion test. The precipitation patterns of the antigens extracted with Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40 accorded with those of the antigens extracted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) against sera of an immunized rabbit, experimentally infected rabbits and naturally infected cattle. None of the Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, and PBS antigens reacted with sera of normal rabbits or calves. On the other hand, the antigens extracted with sodium dodecylsulfate or sodium deoxycholate showed precipitation patterns different from those shown by the PBS antigen against the rabbit antiserum and reacted with normal rabbit sera. The differences among the Triton X-100, Nonidet P-40, and PBS antigens were limited in the detection of precipitating antibodies of experimentally infected rabbits, drug-treated rabbits, and cattle in the field. Extraction of Fasciola sp. fluke antigens with Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40 was simple and useful for immunodiffusion tests for diagnosis of fascioliasis.
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Hiromu SUGIYAMA, Masahiro MATSUMOTO, Tamotsu TOMIMURA, Hiroshi NISHIDA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
617-625
Published: August 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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During the period from July, 1981 to November, 1982, the freshwater crab, Geothelphusa dehaani, which is known as the second intermediate host of the lung fluke, Paragonimus miyazakii, was collected at 28 different localities in the central part of Wakayama Prefecture. Of the 2, 187 crabs examined, 285 (13.0%) harbored Paragonimus metacercariae. The infected crabs were found at 18 localities including seven in Ryujin-mura, six in Miyama-mura, four in Minabegawa-mura, and one in Nakatsu-mura. The infection rate of the Paragonimus metacercariae in these 18 localities varied from 2.0 to 78.9%. A total of 904 metacercariae were obtained from the 285 infected crabs. The number of metacercariae collected from a positive crab ranged from one to 26, with an average of 3.2 per positive crab. The highest incidence (78.9%) of metacercarial infection and the largest number (5.5) of the mean burden per positive crab occurred at Hachi of Miyama-mura. No Paragonimus metacercaria was observed in 1, 000 crabs collected at the remaining ten localities. On the basis of the morphological features of the metacercariae, as well as the adult flukes and the eggs recovered from the cats given the metacercariae, the flukes discovered in this investigation were all identified as P. miyazakii Kamo, Nishida, Hatsushika et Tomimura, 1961. In the present paper, the central part of Wakayama Prefecture is added as a new prevalent locality of P. miyazakii in Japan.
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Tohru FUKASE, Shiro CHINONE, Hiroshi ITAGAKI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
627-632
Published: August 15, 1985
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We investigated 40 raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus), 5 Japanese weasels (Mustela sibirica itatsi), and 3 masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) in Kanagawa Prefecture, and 2 Japanese martens (Martes melampus melampus) in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, for Strongyloides species from October, 1982 to December, 1983. Nematodes of the genus Strongyloides were obtained from the small intestine of 26 raccoon dogs and 2 Japanese weasels. The number of worms ranged 3-127 in raccoon dogs and 2-12 in Japanese weasels. The Strongyloides species obtained was identified as S. planiceps by the morphological characteristics of their parasitic and free-living stages and of eggs and further by such ecological features as prepatent period, the form of parasite passed into the feces of hosts and susceptibility of dogs and domestic cats to infection with the parasite. Some species of wild carnivores, especially raccoon dogs, act as the reservoir host of S. planiceps and will play an important role in spreading Strongyloides infections among dogs and domestic cats.
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Toshihiro HIRANO, Yoshitaka OGAWA, Hitoshi GOTO, Kiheiji SHIMIZU, Shin ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
633-638
Published: August 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In order to elucidate Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus infection in swine population, a serological survey was conducted on a total of 3, 701 swine sera collected at an abattoir in Obihiro, Hokkaido during the years 1980 to 1983. The swine sera possessing antibodies to corresponding current epidemic strains were 14.7% in 1980, 3.9% in 1981 and 7.1% in 1982 between June and September in each year. In 1983, however, a high prevalence (31.4%) of the antibodies was observed from March to July. These results suggest that the swine were infected with the human influenza virus as piglets in the first three years, and as adults in the last year, throughout an epidemic of human influenza virus infection which occurred among the human populations during the period from January to March in these years.
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Takeshi INOUE, Masamitsu KANOE, Naoaki GOTO, Kendo MATSUMURA, Keiji NA ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
639-645
Published: August 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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In order to elucidate factors influencing the virulence of F.necrophorum, studies were performed on chemical and biological properties of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) obtained from F.necrophorum VPI 2891 (FN 2891) which was biovar A and virulent, and F.necrophorum 130 (FN 130) which was biovar B and avirulent. Chemical analyses revealed marked differences in contents of hexose (21.5% as glucose in FN 2891 LPS and 66.2% in FN 130 LPS), aminosugar (12.9% as glucosamine-HCI in FN 2891 LPS and 0.9% in FN 130 LPS) and lipid A (34.0% in FN 2891 LPS and 4.2% in FN 130 LPS). FN 2891 LPS was more toxic than FN 130 LPS in the lethal effect on 10 day-old chick embryos, the hemorrhagic necrosis of solid tumor (Sarcoma 180), the febrile response of rabbits and the local Shwartzman reaction. No differences were observed in immunogenicity and Limulus lysate test. These results indicated the possibility that LPS was one of factors related to the virulence of F.necrophorum.
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Masayuki YANO, Hitoshi MINEO, Seiyu KATO, Jun-ichi USHIJIMA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
647-651
Published: August 15, 1985
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The reflex-evoked muscle potential (REMP) was examined in normal cows. The common peroneal nerve was stimulated with rectangular pulses, and muscle potentials were recorded in the peroneus tertius muscle with needle electrodes. REMP appeared after the M wave (direct-evoked muscle potential) had a lower threshold but was obliterated by increasing the intensity of the stimulus before the appearance of the maximal M wave. The latency increased as the stimulation point was moved from proximal to distal. T wave in the same muscle was similar in the wave form and the duration as REMP but the latency was slightly longer. When thb nerve was blocked proximally to the stimulation site, REMP was obliterated. These results indicate that REMP is due to a monosynaptic reflex (H wave).
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Shigenori IKEMOTO, Yukio SAKURAI, Syuichi TSUCHIDA, Haruhiro YOSHIDA, ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
653-655
Published: August 15, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Blood samples from 36 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) have been analyzed with respect to the phenotypes of the following ten polymorphic loci: ABO, MN, P, Lewis, Rh, Duffy, Kidd, Kell-Cellano, Lutheran and Diego blood groups. The phenotype frequencies estimated were 94.4% for type A, 5.6% for type O, 100% for type M, 58% for tyep U(+), 8.4% for type P
1(+), 61.1% for type Le(a+b+), 38.9% for type Le(a-b+), 88.8% for type cD, 11.2% for type cDe, 27.8% for type Jk(a+b+), 72.2% for type Jk(a+b-), 100% for types Fy(a-b+), kk·Kp(a-b+), Lu(a-b+) and Di(a+), respectively.
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R.R. DALVI
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
657-659
Published: August 15, 1985
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An oral dose of 250 mg/kg of solanine did not alter the activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum cholinesterase (ChE) in male rats 24 hr following the treatment. However, i.p. administered solanine (20 mg/kg) significantly increased the levels of SGOT and SGPT, and decreased the activities of ChE and microsomal enzymes, including cytochrome P-450, suggesting ingested solanine is several times less hepatotoxic than i.p. administered solanine, probably due to its poor absorption from the stomach.
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Masami MOCHIZUKI, Hiromasa NODA, Hiroyuki OGAWA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
661-663
Published: August 15, 1985
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Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection in pet cats of South-Kyushu area was investigated by using focus inducing assay for isolation of infectious FeLV from plasma and neutralization test for detection of antibody against FeLV of subgroup A. FeLV dnd neutralizing antibody were detected in 3.8% and 19.8% of cats, respectively.
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Tomoo INOMATA, Takaaki IWAKI, Shinya MURAKATA, Hiroyoshi NINOMIYA, Tsu ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
665-668
Published: August 15, 1985
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Fetal and maternal adrenalectomy on day 18 of gestation in the rat did not cause any enlargement of the fetal thymus 3 days later, suggesting that the development of the fetal thymus was not suppressed by fetal and maternal adrenal corticoids.
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Kouji SHIMODA, Kazuyoshi MAEJIMA, Nobuyuki TERAKADO
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
669-672
Published: August 15, 1985
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A drug-susceptible strain of mouse Escherichia coli, E916, harboring a transferable plasmid, and a laboratory strain carrying a nonconjugative plasmid, pMKI::Tn2602 (ColEl::Tn5::Tn2602), were orally inoculated into germ-free mice. After administration of kanamycin (Km) in drinking water, Km-resistant (Km
r) E916 became dominant in the population of fecal flora. Plasmid DNA analysis revealed that Km
r E916 possessed a conjugative R plasmid consisting of a transferable plasmid and a Km-transposon (Tn5). The result indicates that the transferable plasmid was converted into an R plasmid while migrating between organisms in the intestine of gnotobiotic mice.
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Takashi UMEMURA, Hiroshi SATO, Masanobu GORYO, Chitoshi ITAKURA
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
673-677
Published: August 15, 1985
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Generalized lipofuscinosis was found incidentally in a 3-year-old, male Japanese retriever dog. Lipofuscin and ceroid pigments were deposited extensively in various tissues and organs including the brain. The histological changes suggested vitamin E deficiency as a possible cause of the lipofuscinosis and differentiated it from neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.
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Norio HIRANO, Yasufumi SADA, Kotaro TUCHIYA, Katsuhiko ONO, Toshiaki M ...
1985 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages
679-681
Published: August 15, 1985
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The plaque formation of Japanese isolate of bovine coronavirus was studied in BEK-1 cell monolayers. The isolate readily produced clear plaques in 3 days. The plaque numbers obtained were directly proportional to the virus concentration. The procedure of plaque assay was simple, sensitive and reproducible.
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