[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this study was to make clear tlxe morphological changes in the skullsize, paritcularly the post-natal dexzelopment of the skull, of the Yezo brown bear (Urususarctos yezoensis lyd.) . The characteristics of development were classified into the growthof sizes, obliteration of suturae, and abrasion of teeth.All t]te skulls were measured by the method employed by SAITO (1963). As acriterion to tell the sex of a skull could be used the shape of temporal ridges and sagittalcrest of animals, or more of age, as was the case with American black bears observed byMARKS and ERICI<SON (1966). It was difficult, however, to differentiate the sex bythe shape of canine teeth. The results of measurement were analyzed statistically. The width of the craniunx(Eu-Eu) attained a maximum both in males and in females till twelve montlns of age. Itwas about 95mm. In the adult skulls, the mean value of the basilar length (B -P) was327tnm in males and 277mm in females. The sex difference was found to be very largein many items of the relative measurements, but the rate of mandibular length to basilarlength (Id -Cm/B -P) was comparatively constan?t. Its value was abottt 0.75. In theregressiwe liraes, oualy the rate of total length to basilar length (Op -P/B -P) showed posi-tixe growth. All the other rate showed negative growth.The skull of the adult bear contained the very large sinus [ror?talis. The morpho-oezaesis of the cranial sinuses was discussed to some extent.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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In purifying the transaminase in fowl blood plasma, it is necessary to use a methodfor systematic separation of the blood plasma. No detailed investigations on this aspecthave been reported. Then, during the days previous to the subfractionation of plasmaprotein components, the plasma was separated by means of successive fractional precipi-tation at a controlled pH value. The isoelectric point of transaminase in the fowl bloodplasma was determined as follows.In addition, the aspartate aminotransferase GOT) and alanine aminotransferase(GPT) reported in this paper could be classified into four types known by the generalterms F-GOT, R-GOT, F-GPT, and R-GPT. These terms were used as synonyms offorward-GOT, reverse-GOT, forward-GPT, and reverse-GPT, respectively. Each of themwas divided by the kind of transaminase that was directly related to the reversible trans-amination reaction.(a) F-GOT: pH 7.2 and 4.9(b) R-GOT: pH 6.9 and 5.2(c) F-GPT: pH 5.8 and 4.6(d) R-GPT : pH 6.9 and 4.6These findings offered helpful suggestions for the fractionation of transaminases bythe use of Cohn and Oncleys methods. Then, of these methods, the 6th and 9th metI?odswere used experimentally for the purpose of fractionating the transaminase. As a result, it was found that the 9th method of ONCLEY was effective for practical purposes. Is-pecially, the fractions of IV-5, 6, 7, and 8 that had been subfractionated from Cohnsfractions.IV-4 by the 9th method of ONCLEY showed activities higlter than the remaining fractions, In those fractions, especially that of IV-5, nothing could comperasate the appearanceof F-GOT and F-CPT activities, but only R-GOT and R-GPT activated the fraction ofIV-5. This result suggests that there may be some correlation concerning the mode offractional precipitation between R-GOT and R-GPT. More detailed information 011this aspect is to be given in a report to come.In this way, each of the active fractions for individual transaminase is no good agree-ment concerning the mode of fractional precipitation.On the basis

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The present animal experiment was designed to clarify or otherwise elucidate themetabolic response, especially that of glucuronidation, in animals administered withmassive doses of glucosidurogenic drugs.In his review of literature, DUTTON (1966) mentioned that a specific stimulation ofUDP-glucuronyltransferase (GT) had not been achieved by treatment with an acceptorsubstrate, and that no drug tolerance had been correlated with an increased GT activityfor the drug or its metabolites. HARTIALA et al. (1966) reported on the competitiveinhibition of GT by eugenol in vitro.The present paper deals with this inhibition by eugenol. The influence of eugenolon the glucuronidation in rats by oral administration was also observed.The following results were obtained.l) A 50% inhibition was shown by 1.1 X 10 M of eugenol upon substrate (2.0X10 M of p-nitrophenol)-enzyme (5, ODD X g, 10 min. supernatant of rat liver homogenate)system (Fig. 1).2) The nature of inhibition was competitive. The Ki value was 0.5xI0-4 M. Inaddutuon, the Km value was 1.7 X 10 M in this experiment (Fig. 2).3) When a large amount (200 mg, about a half of LD..) was administered orallyto adult male rats, a large amourit of the ether type of glucuronide (0-G) was excretedinto the urine (Table l), and a significant increase was observed in GT activity of theliver (Table 2).From these results, it was concluded that eucenol was one of the most electivebglucosidurogenic drugs, and that liver GT might be induced in the rat by oral administra-tion of eugenol.

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