mesenteric Nymph nodes found at the abattoirof acidfast organisms were isolated. Theirexamined for identification. The results ob-From the tuberculous lesions of swinein Tokachi-Shimizu, Hokkaido, 70 strainsbiochemical and serological features weretained are summarized as follows.I. The isolates were examinedfor biological and biochemical characteristics byusing 12 kinds of routine tests, which are generally employed for differentiating Runyonsgroups I, II, III, and IV. In these tests and also in B6NICKES amidase pattern, theyshowed very similar characteristics and were supposed to be ?Mycobacterium avium or M.intracellulave of Runyons group III.2. By the agglutination reaction, 63 strains were identified as type "Davis", 3 strainsas type "Illa", and one strain each as type "IV" and "new type". The remaining 2strains were considered to be "unclassified".3. The agglutination test was a useful method for the differentiation of M. aviumfrom M. intracellulare.4. Complement-fixation antigens of the serotypes of M. avium and some types ofM. intracellulare were prepared from the acetone-soluble fraction of the hot methanolextract by SCI[AEFERS method. They showed good antigenicity and stability. The corn-plement-fixation test was also proved to be type-specific, as well as the agglutination test, and a useful tool for the identification of Runyons group III mycobacteria.

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Ten chicks with eye lesions caused by Aspergillus fumigatus were studied pathologi-cally. All of them had unilateral eye infection. The histological Jesions were confinedto the anterior part of the eye, and consisted of exudative inflammation with hyphaeand reactive proliferation of granulation tissue. They had no connection with those inother organs. Direct invasion of an etiological agent from the exterior was suspected tobe the mode of infection of th.is eye disorder.

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11?e relationship between the duct-alveolus system and the blood vessels of the mam-mary gland was investigated in ovariectomized. ICR-J CL mice.In Experiment I, 64 mice were ovariectomized at 90 days of age and sacrificed 7 to42 days later. Ten normal females were sacrificed at 90 days of age to serve as controls.In Experiment II, 120 immature and mature mice from 20 to 90 days old were ovariec-tomized at 10 days intervals ancl sacrificed at 100 days of age together with [0 intact.female mice serving as controls.All the animals were in.jected with India ink or latex via A. carotis comtnunis sinistra.The 3rd tboracic mammary gland on the right side was stained with carmine to demon-.strate the mammary parenchyma as a whole mount preparation, and the left 3rd thoracicgland was also prepared for histological observation.l. In Experiment I, the mammary gland on the 7th and 14th day after ovariectomyshowed a tendency to regress in the end bud and a part of the lateral bud, but no con-spicuous degeneration of the ductal system. On the other harid, the condition of tlte?duct-associated capillary plexus was similar to that seen in the intact animals, but theblood vessels of the bud were partially involute. An obvious regression of the bud andslender ducts was observed in the mammary gland on the 21st and 28th day after ovariec-tomy. On these days, tl?e ductal capillary plexus was ltardly seen. On the 35th and42nd day after ovariectomy, the mammary gland was composed only of ducts because ofthe obvious involution of the bud. The interlobular ducts were slender. The distal end?duct changed into a saccule-like structure. Although the mammary parenchyma was lowin density of vascularity, the loop-shaped capillary networks in the adipose tissue werecomparable to those sc)en in the intact animals. Furthermore, the mammary parenchyma?of some of the females on the 7th day after ovariectomy slaowed as much regression asthat of tltefemales on the 35th day after ovariectomy.2. In Experiment II, the unammary gland of 100-day-extend

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Over a period from 1964 through 1968 a series of experiments on mycoplasrnosis in?chickens were carried out to investigate clinical signs, anatomico- and histopathologicallesions, and recovery of the organism inoculated. In them, chickens were inoculated withrMycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) directly into tlae posterior thoracic air-sac (PAs), intra-venously (IV) into the wing vein, or by the combined routes, PAs and IV. The resultsof the clinical observation and recovery of the inoculated organism from tlae chickenswere reported in a previous papers).The objectives of the present experiments were (l) to examine the [esions of theair-sac and other organs and tissues of chickens following inoculation with the organismand (2) to determine differences in lesions of chickens inoculated among the three types, of inoculation. The outline of the experiments is given in Table l to 4. The materialsand methods used in the present experiments were the same as mentioned in the previouspaper20). Tlte results obtained are summarized as follows.l. Lesions caused by MG inoculated into the PAs were generally mild in nature.They were found mainly in the respiratory organs, including the air-sacs, and subsequentlyin the spleen. After intravenous inoculation with MG, proliferation of lymphoreticulartissues produced characteristic lesions in the spleen and liver. No lesions, however, werefound in any of the air-sacs.2. Primary lesions found 6 hours after .lV[G inoculation into the PAs howed thickening of the air-sac due to new formation of bl6od capillaries, edema, congestion, and infiltration of monocuclear leukocytes. The most conspicuous lesions in the air-sacs examined?on the 7th day after exposure showed a tendency to undergo repair approximately onthe 12th day after inoculation.3. After intravenous inoculation with MG, lesions were found mainly in the spleen, liver, and respiratory organs, except the air-sacs. In a few cases mild inflammatory reac, tions were found to have occurred in the intestines, heart, kidneys, pancreas, crop

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The results of previous studies26?29) led to the conclusion that components 2-c and4-d revealed from adult chicken oxyhemoglobin by disc electrophoretic analysis??"")must play a significant role as carriers of F-GOT, R-GOT, F-GPT, R-GPT, and GRT-a 5 @.2 0 = 2?3, 2 5, 2 T X 3 1 ).In recent years, more detailed information on this aspect was obtained by the authorsmethod introduced in this paper.The results of the present investigation are summarized as follows.I. By use of disc electrophoresis, component 2-c at relative positions 67 and 68, andcomponent 4-d at various relative positions 28, 29 and 30 were subfractionated from adultchicken oxyhemoglobin under six general terms, as evidenced in Table I.2. The isoelectric point of component 2-c ranged from 4.4 to 5.8 of pH and thatof component 4-d from 5.2 to 6.9. The values of both components were within the acidpH range.3. The average values of sedimentation constant estimated on components 2-c and4-d were 3.5 and 10.9, respectively.4. In an absorbancy of the Soret absorption band, it was clear that component 2-cwas closely related to Fe-protoporphyrin and involved particular kinds of R-GOT andR-GPT, in addition to CRT-ase. Component 4-d showed a Soret absorption peak relatedto pyridine protoheme and involved F-GOT, CRT-ase, and reversible GPT.5. The actual amounts of N, S, and Fe in component 4-d were smaller than thoseof component 2-c. Using a factor of l as the basis of total amount of Fe involved ineach component for converting N and S contents to Fe content, the molar ratio of Nand S to Fe was described in this writing.Besides, determination was performed on hexosamine, phospholipid, and cholesterol" content. It was demonstrated that (1) component 2-c. was mucoid, (2) component 2-c.and its subfrartion (SF) were mucoprotein, (3) component 4-d was a substance close toglucoprotein, (4) the actual amount of phospholipid in component 2-c. was larger thanthat of any other substance, component 2-c (SF) was second and followed by 2-c., 4-dB, ?d2, and di in this order, (5) cholesterol of ester type was present in all the components, except component 2-c. and its subfraction. The presence of cholesterol of free type waslimited to component 4-d2. The ratio of cholesterol ester to total cholesterol in thiscomponent was 50 percent.As is evident from the results mentioned above, all the transaminases separatedfrom adult chicken oxyhemoglobitt required a disc electrophoretic behavior entirely differ-?ent from that of the same transaminases obtained from fowl blood plasma by theauthor2830=3l) in his physicochemical study, and were characterized by the lteme enzyme?5?"). Especially in reversible GPT and some of the CRT-ases, the CRT-ase likereaction of the former, and the possibility of dissociation from CRT-ase to its subunitof the latter were important points of consideration in this report. Furthermore, theabsence of F-GPT isolated was a feature common to the experimental results obtainedfrom adult chicken oxyhemoglobin and its blood plasma30). However, within the scope?of the authors determination of adult chicken oxyhemoglobin, no properties were commonto those enzymes of blood plasma.Therefore, it seemed quite all right to consider that all the transaminases, exceptreversible GPT, appeared to be their isozymes, as compared with the same transaminasesseparated from fowl blood plasma. There can be no practical difficulty in distinguishingisozymes in oxyhemoglobin from those in blood plasma.The transaminase activity values in hemolyzing blood plasma were raised9), probablybecause they reacted in concert with those isozymes.

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l. Immunizing activity of various oral dosages of larval vaccine.For vaccination a dose containing 100, 200, 300, 500, or 700 larvae irradiated with5XlO4r was administered orally to guinea pigs. On the 25th day each animal was chat-lenged with 500 normal larvae and killed 15 days after challenge to estimate the degreeof protection. As a result, 4.7, 5.4, 7.6, 4.8, or 5.4 worms on the average were recoveredfrom each vaccinated group in contrast to 135.4 worrits on the average from each un-vaccinated control group. The ratio of female to male worms was approximately 7.2 : lin each vaccinated group and 1.7 : l in each control group. It was concluded that larvalvaccine had a very high degree of immunizing activity and made the recovery rate of maleworms very low.2. Comparison of immunizing activity of larval vaccine between oral and sub-?cutaneous inoculation.It may be reasonable to consider that in the case of oral vaccine, only larvae whichhave penetrated into the intestinal wall are effective as antigen, and that in the case ofsubcutaneous vaccine, all larvae inoculated are effective. In order to find the effectivelarval dosage of both vaccines, the number of larvae having penetrated into various tissues?of guinea pigs inoculated with 1, 000 larvae irradiated with 5%l04r was examined pre-Iiminarily by the pepsin digestion method on the 3rd day after inoculation.It was found that about 280 of the 1, 000 larvae inoculated orally had penetratedinto tlte intestinal wall. Then, about 280 and 1, 000 irradiated larvae were used forsubcutaneous and oral inoculation, respectively. On the 25th day each guinea pig waschallenged with 500 normal larvae and killed 15 days after challenge to estimate the?degree of protection conferred by the inoculation of each vaccine.As a result, 9.0 and 8.0 worms on the average were recovered from the orally andthe subcutaneously vaccinated group, respectively, in contrast to 135.4 worms on theaverage from each unvaccinated control group. The ratio of female to male worms was5.0 : l and 4.6 : l

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It is well known that the guinea pig is the most suitable experimental host ofMetastrongylus apri. Many studies have been done on the migratory behavior of thisparasite in the definitive host. Tlae infectivity of M. apri to the guinea pig was differentin various reports. At present there are many unknown point sabout its migratorybehavior. Tlte purpose of this paper is to investigate the infectivity and migratory behaviorof M. apri in the guinea pig in more detail, ]) The infectivity and migratory behavior of M. apri in the guinea pig.Infective larvae were collected by the pepsin digestion method from earthworms, Eisenia foetida, which Jaad been artificially infected with the embryonated eggs of M. apri.Guinea pigs were inoculated orally with a dose of 1, ODD or 2, 000 larvae, and killed atWarious intervals after infection.Various tissues were collected from guinea pigs and examined for larvae by the pepsindigestion method and additionally by the microscopical method.All guinea pigs were infected with M. apri. The degree of infection was constant inthem. On the lst to 3rd days after inoculation, a large number of 3rd or 4th stagelarvae were recovered from the caecum or the omentum, and a small number from theperitoneal cavity, ileo-caecal or colic-ntesenteric Nymph nodes, and mesentery. On tlae4th to 6th days, larvae recovered in the tissues rapidly decreased in number, whereas theyincreased in the lungs and thoracic cavity. On the 9th day or later, 5th stage wormswere recovered almost exclusively from the lungs.It must be especially emphasized that 3rd or 4th stage larvae were found in theperitoneal cavity and omentum, and that many parasitic granulomas were observed micro-scopically in the extended samples of the omentum. These findings are new informationindicating the presence of a new migratory route in addition to the known routes.2) A new migratory route.In order to confirm this new migratory route, 4 guinea pigs were inoculated intra-peritoneally with 200 infective larvae. On the 9th day after infection, all

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The materials and methods used were the same as those in the previous study<:tf walk9).2. The axial skeleton moves JIS if power were loaded and then unloaded at thecenter of the beam which is supported at both ends. The M. sacrospinalis is active for?stabilizing the axial skeleton which receives the force exerted by a hind limb, and theaxial skeleton which is supported with only one fore limb.3. The increasing speed of locomotion makes various differences between trot andwalk. To increase the speed, there must be a different distribution of the swing phase, and a combination of steps, which make difference between the movements of the axial?ske1eton. It is natural that fore limb muscles, which are nearer the center of gravity ofthe body, are affected more greatly by the movement of tlae axial skeleton than the hindlimb muscles. The muscles nearer the trunk are also affected more severely by this move-ment than those far from the trunk. Each limb, however, shows essentially the samemovement in trot as in walk.

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