The isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from the cecal contents of swine was dependent on season. The organism was isolated more frequently in winter to early spring than in summer. No relationship could be established between rate of isolation and serogroup distribution of organisms isolated from swine at three abattoirs in Kurayoshi, Hiroshima and Fukuoka. Even if such differences are recognized, more emphasis should be put upon the feed type used on each farm than upon the regional factors. There was no difference in organisms recovered between swine given formula feed and those given garbage.

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Bacteriological examination was made on 64 bovine pneumonic lungs collected over a period from April 1973 to March 1974, and consisting of 50 from a slaughter-house in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, and 14 from several outbreaks of so-called calf pneumonia in Tochigi Prefecture. T-mycoplasmas were isolated from 43 (67%) of the 64 affected lungs. The positivity rate was considerably higher (33/38, 87%) in year-old calves than in older animals. It was suggested that these T-mycoplasmas might not be related to human T-mycoplasmas serologically and that there might be several serotypes among T-mycoplasmas isolated from bovine pneumonic lungs in Japan. Mycoplasma bovirhinis was isolated from 19 of 38 year-old calves (50%) and from 6 of 26 older animals (23%). Film-and-spots producing mycoplasmas were isolated from 6 lungs and identified as Mycoplasma bovigenitalium. Pasteurella multocida, Corynebacterium pyogenes and Haemophilus spp. were detected in 44, 22 and 17 percent, respectively, of the 64 lungs examined.

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Pathological examination was made on 48 cases of pneumonic lungs in cattle and calves, which had been collected in Miyagi and Tochigi Prefectures between April 1973 and March 1974. From those cases T-mycoplasmas were isolated at a high incidence, particularly from 90% of Cases under 6 months of age. Pneumonic lesions were characterized by bronchitis or bronchiolitis, catarrhal bronchopneumonla, suppurative bronchopneumonia, or others including fibrinous and interstitial pneumonia and atelectasis. Severe suppurative bronchopneumonia was seen in many calves under 6 months of age, while mild bronchitis or bronchiolitis and catarrhal bronchopneumonia were predominant in many cases 7 to 24 months of age. In many cases having only mycoplasmas without common bacteria, bronchitis or bronchiolitis and catarrhal bronchopneumonia were seen with peribronchial or peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia, suggesting that severe pneumonia including suppurative or fibrinous pneumonia may result from the secondary participation of common bacteria isolated frequently in such lesions.

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The growth of equine arteritis virus (EAV) was found in HT-7 and HS cells derived from hamster tumor and hamster transformed cells. EAV produced plaques of countable size in both HT-7 and HS cell cultures 2 days after infection. Infective progeny virus appeared in HS cells from 10 to 12 hr after infection. Viral yield in HT-7 and HS cells reached about 10⁷ PFU/ml 24 hr after infection. The appearance of viral antigen detected by the fluorescent antibody technique correlated to that of infective progeny virus.

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Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected rabbits and rats were monitered for the productions of reaginic and indirect hemagglutinating (IHA) antibodies. Rabbit reaginic antibody detected by 72 hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was first demonstrated in sera of rabbits infected with 230 infective larvae 9 weeks after primary infection and persisted at very low titers for considerable duration. When such rabbits were reinfected with 600-820 larvae on Day 36, the reaginic antibody occurred much earlier, i.e., as early as 6 weeks after primary infection. The secondary and tertiary infections markedly boosted the PCA titers which gradually declined thereafter. Rabbit reaginic antibody was heat resistant but other physico-chemical properties were analogous to human IgE. No substantial IHA antibody productions were observed in sera of the infected Tabbits. A peak reaginic antibody response in rats was observed 5 weeks after primary infection. However, the reaginic antibody production in rats was only transient and no anamnestic response was induced by reinfection. In rats, IHA antibody was first detected in sera as early as 6 weeks postinfection and persistently observed throughout 6 to 18 weeks postinfection. Reinfections significantly boosted the IHA titers in some rats but not in the others.

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EEG, EMG, heart rate, brain temperature, brain pO₂ and blood flow in the common carotid artery were observed in 10 goats. Temperature of the neocortex was shown to be at a high level in the phase of low-amplitude fast waves (FW) and at a low level in the phase of high-amplitude slow waves (SW) on the EEG. In the case of paradoxical sleep (PS), however, the temperature rose immediately after the onset of PS and fell to a normal level at the end of PS. The correlation coefficient between the duration of PS and the rise in brain temperature was 0.514 (p<0.001). When temperature (X) and pO₂ (Y) in the brain during PS were calculated, the formula of regression line, Y=-0.4118X+0.0038, and the correlation coefficient, r=-0.699 (p<0.001), were presented. The rate of blood flow in the common carotid artery in the phase of SW seemed to have increased a little, as compared with that in the phase of FW. On the other hand, the rate of blood flow in the common carotid artery in the second half of the period of PS decreased by 22%, as compared with that before the onset of this period.

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A total of 45 male mice of the DD strain 50-60 days old were used in this study. All of them had been reared at an almost constant temperature, 22-24°C. They were kept under natural and artificial light over a period from about 6 AM to about 6 PM. These conditions were maintained throughout the experimental period. The mice were divided into nine groups of five each and killed one group after another at eight-hour intervals over a period of 24 hours for 3 days at weekly intervals. The testes were removed immediately. Cross sections of seminiferous tubules were examined microscopically for the existence of any diurnal fluctuation and variation among days in the relative frequency of the stage. The method of identification of each stage of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium used was essentially the same as described by Roosen-Runge and Giesel. No obvious fluctuation or variation was found in the relative frequencies of the various stages among the 3 times or among the 3 days designed for removal of the testes.

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Kinetical analysis of the F-GOT action gave the following results. 1. The conventional velocity versus substrate concentration plot at the velocity of the initial to maximum reaction was shown as a simple type of hyperbola. From the entire picture, the enzyme appeared to follow so-called Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 2. On Lineweaver-Burk's plot, which was utilized as a systematic approach to determining the maximum velocity (V_max) and apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for the substrate concerned, both values were calculated as follows. (a) The Vmax against alpha-ketoglutarate concentration at a given concentration of L-aspartate at pH 7.4 in 0.1M phosphate buffer at 40°C: (2.00±0.08)×10^-2 mM. (b) Apparent Kms for substrate components: [table] These findings offered helpful suggestions in explaining some types of affinity and specificity of the substrate concerned in the reaction of F-GOT. F-GOT has been classified into the general group, GOT-S. In addition, the initial steady-state velocity (Vi) afforded a basis for the illustration of the reaction of F-GOT. 3. Excess of substrate concentration resulted in a decrease in the activity of F-GOT. The activity curves of F-GOT were expressed as simple sigmoid ones. The inhibitor constant (K'i) was (1.78±0.07)×10^-5. The actual condition of inhibition by excess of substrate concentration was shown in a figure.

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