The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the motor activities of thelarge intestine of fowls. Abdominal windows and balloons were employed in the ob-servations.l. The antiperistaltic waves start from the boundary portion between the colon (con-taining rectum) and the cloaca, and pass up the colon. Some of them spread to thececa and travel along the ceca to the Apex ceci. As a rule the antiperistalsis of the colonpropagate to the right and left cecum alternately.In the colon antiperistalsis occur at intervals of 5.6 to 6.3 seconds under unrestrainedcondition.2. The peristalsis which begin in the Apex ceci proceed down the ceca, but they donot enter the colon. Beside the above mentioned peristalsis, another type of peristalticmovements start from the Apex ceci.A marked difference between both types was found in the fact that the latter pro-ceeds to the anal end of the colon. The contractions are more vigorous and the pro-pagations are much more rapid. Tlaerefore, it can be said that this movement corre-sponds to the so-called mass peristalsis in the large intestine of the rabbit.The mass peristaltic waves in the fowl occur in both sides of the cecum at tlae sametime, and they propagate to the colon as a single wave. The mass peristalsis take placeat intervals of 19 -67 minutes, but under restraint the movements occur with difficulty.3. At the time of the occurence of mass peristalsis, the movement of the cloacaappears simultaneously, and it could not be observed that either of the movements occurindependently.4. The cloaca exhibits peristaltic contractions, which originate in the beginningportion of that organ and proceed to the anal end.The inflation of the balloon inserted in the colon caused the cloaca movennent to-gether with the mass peristalsis in the ceca, and a similar phenomenon was also foundin case of cecal dropping. When the cloaca of the fowl, the colon of which had beencut at the part near the end, was distended in like manner, tlne same activity as thatin the normal bird was observed.From this fact it was confirmed that the peristaltic movement of the cloaca doesnot occur by propagation of the mass peristalsis.5. On the basis of the results described abo

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The authors have already reported a survey on the incidence of Iarval lung-flukes, Paragonimus ohirai, in Sesarma dehaani collected from the Xlaruyama River, in HyogoPrefecture.In the present study, immature P. ohirai obtained from the abdominal cavity ofwhite rats 15 to 24 days after their infection by metacercariae, were transplanted intothe peritoneal cavity of uninfected rats. It was the purpose of this work to producerats harboring a known number of these lung-flukes, as well as to gain a better under-standing of the biological natures of these implanted flukes and the course of the infec-tion in the experimental hosts.The experiment was made on a total of 15 adult white rats exposed, individually, to from l to 4 young adult worms : of these, five received 1 worm each, five received 2worms each, three received 3 worms each and two received 4 worms each. These ani-mats were killed between the 21st and 97th days after the infection, and the distributionof the adult worms and worm cysts in the host was examined macroscopically andmicroscopically.The results obtained are as follows(l) The number of young adult worms recovered from the lungs and pleural cavityof the hosts as adult worms, namely, the rate of infection by these implanted flukes, was 100% with the exception of rat 14 as shown in Table I.(2) In the rats individually exposed to only one young adult worm, all of theimplanted flukes remained free in the pleural cavity of the host without invading intothe lung tissue, throughout the entire period of the investigation. Therefore, in theseaninnals no clear evidence of elimination of the eggs in the feces, or their entry intothe cavity formation in the lungs, were observed. On the other hand, in the rats indi-vidually exposed to from 2 to 4 young adult worms, all of the implanted flukes enteredinto the lung tissue of the host, where they formed the typical worm cysts. These ratsalso began to pass the eggs in their feces between the 18th and 37th days after the in-fection by immature P. ohirai.(3) The implantonce or twice, the peak egg count throuughout the entire period of the investigation, asshown in Fig. 2 to 4. The first peak egg count (2, 850 to II, 250EPG) occurred betweenthe 4th and 16th days, and the second one (3, 816 to TO, TOO F, PG) between the 19th and31st days after the beginning of patency. As soon as the fecal egg production reacheda peak, it rapidly fell to a low level of between O and 183 eggs per gram of feces.(5) It is suggested, therefore, that the transitory decrease in the egg count to nega-tive or near negative may be connected with a removal of the dwelling place of theimplanted flukes in the lungs of their hosts.EXPLANATION or PLATESPlate I1=3. Showing the morphology of the young adult worms of P. ohirai used in the experiment.1. Young adtnlt worm from the alcdominal cavity of a rat 15 days after infection by meta-cercariae, mounted specimen. 0.225 by 0.118 rum.2. Young adult worm from the abdominal cavity of a rat 20 days after infection by meta-cercariae, mounted specimen. 0.338 by 0.170mm.3. Young adult worm from the abdominal cavity of a rat 24 days after infection by meta-cercariae, mounted specimen. 0.388 by 0.195 mm.4?13. Showing the distribution of the worm cysts in the lungs of rats which had received a youngadult worm of P. ohirai, respectixxely. (No cavity formation was observed in the lungs of any ofthese rats as shown in the photographs.)4. Cross section of the left lung of rat 1.5. Cross section of the right lung of rat 1.6. Cross section of the left lung of rat 3.7. Cross section of the right lung of rat 3.8. Cross section of the left lung of rat 6.9. Cross section of the right lung of rat 6.10. Cross section of the left lung of rat 7.11. Longitudinal section of the right lung of rat 7.12. Cross section of the left lung of rat 8.13. Cross section of the right lung of rat 8.14?23. [the rest omitted]

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Previously, the authors reported""" the pathogenicity, immunity and distribution ofthe infectious canine hepatitis (H.c.c.) virus, in Japan.The results obtained in the present study with the D43 and D78 strains of the virusof the disease in dog kidney tissue culture were as follows.J) TCID5. of the fluid phase, at various passage levels, were in the range of TO "to 10 . Both strains neutralized each other in the cross-neutralization test. The neutrali-zation test, in tissue culture, proved to be the most useful and sensitive methods for thediagnosis of H.e.c.2) The studies on the complement-fixing antigen, the hemagglutinating propertyand the infective virus in vitro (initial inoculum : 2000 to 6000 TCID5g) indicated thatthe infective fiter increased on the 2nd day accompanied by the inclusion bodies, reachedthe maximum Liter on the 5th or 6th day after virus inoculation, and after that, re-mained at the same level with slight fluctuations. On the other hand, the complement-fixing antigen was first detected on the 2nd day after inoculation, when a cytopathogeniceffect appeared. And then the complement-fixing antigen Liter increased continuouslyreaching ]:16 on the 6th or 7th day after the virus inoculation.3) The effects of various temperatures on the xirus were studied. It was foundthat the infectivity of the virus was destroyed by hcating at 50C for 150 minutes or60C for 3 -5 minutes. At 37C both viruses were inactivated until the 26th and 29thday after inoculation, respectively. The virus was infective to tissue culture when heldat the frozen state with dry ice for l year or at 4C for 9 months. At room tempera-lure the virus kept its infectixzity for 10 to 13 weel<s.4) Stability of the virus at 37C was studied. The results indicated that the corn-plement-fixing antigen, hemagglutinating property and its infectivity were stable, in turn, at this temperature.5) The viruses, at various passage levels, were inoculated into dogs to test theirvirulence. Between the forty-first and forty-fourth passages, the

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[in Japanese]

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