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Ita humans, rabbits, goats and fowls skin tenxpcraturcs XXZCFC rneastured irt variousareas of the body at ambient temperatures falling front 40 to 5(C artd some randomconstant ambient temperatures lcetween 0 and 40C.1. Skin temperatures flxtctuated with a large amplitttde o[ over O.2C wzithout anysjvcci?t1 c;ruses, the largest ;tntplitudc 1.vcing alcout 20C in fowls.2. f lae patterrts o[" tcmperatture cltautgc ?vt various skit? sjcots were cl?tssificd Lertta-Li, zely irato the fol1owir?g 4 types.a. Tyjce l : Large fluctuatiort of skin tcn?j>erature was exhibited inn tlte ntiddlerange of aml>iernt temperature. An S-shaped curve was shown when the maximum skirttemperatures at each arnbient temperature had been plotted.b. Type 2: Small fluctuation of skin temperature was exhibited in the middle andthe higlter ranges of ambient ternperature. Skin temperature was always a little higherthamr ambient temperature. c. Type 3 : Large fluctuation of skin temperature was seen in a relatively lowrange of ambient temperature. A bow-shaped curve was SIIOVVII only when the maximalvalues of skin temperature at each ambient temperature had been plotted and connected.d. Type 4 : Small fluctuatic>n of skin ternperature was exhibited in aJmccst allranges of ambient temperature. A bow-shaped curve was shown.3. The human toe tennperature was only one measurccrnent that was classifiecl ir?totwo types. Of the cases c>f this temperature, rnatty 1>elc>nged to type I and S0IIIC tc>type 2.4. It took a long time, sometirnes 3 or 4 hours, for the temperatures aL sucln skixtspots as those of the human toe and rabbit hind leg to t"ccach a final stable v;tlue inresponse to a given ambient temperature.5. The largest amplitude of fluctuation in lcody tennperature at a given constantambient temperature was about llC in humans, about l4C in rabbits, about 11).6Cita goat, and about 20C inn fowls.6. The rise in skin temperature arnd the large fluctuation in ski?n temper;atureobserved in type l seemed to ;tjcpear sirnttltaneously in the S21rnC r;tngct of ;trnlm>ientternperature.7. Each species c*V animals, includirtg hum;ans, had its OVVII range of amlcienttemperature in which skin temjcerature type I rose considerably and showed largefluctuations. Such range was apj>roximately from 20 to 25C in? hurnans, 16 to 23Cin rabbits, 15 to 25C in goats arnd 15 to 23C in fowls.

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A pathological observation was conducted on echinococcosis of tl?ree cows, which hadbeen kept in Morioka City and its vicinit)z for" several years. lhcse cows, consisting oftwo Jerseys and one Aberdeen-Angus, were considered to have been imported from NCXX7Zealand and Australia. ?.[hey were slaughtered itn 1964, 1965 and 1966. Hydatid cystswere detected at the abattoirs during the routine meat inspection. These were presentin the lungs and livers of all the cows ar?d in the spleen of a Jersey covv (Fig. l I, Table l).Macroscopically, these cysts existed in the parenchymatous tisstucs, were as large asrice-grain to walnut, in size attd presented a globular appear;rnce. llte inner surfacesof the cysts were even, except some of them wl?ich h?td irregttlztr ;tnd p;trtition-likeprocesses. Yellovvislt clear liquid flowed out when the cysts were cut (INigs. l -3). Cystsrelatively small in size contained yellowish white caseous suLcstance and turlcid liquid.The caseous substance was proved to be a single cuticular membrane foldcd in pile inone cyst (Fig. 4). No hydatid sand was detected in the liquid.Histologically, the wall of the large-sized cyst showed the typical at"rangernent of awell-known Echinococcus cyst ; i.e., cuticular tnembrane, germinal 1;tyer, fibrous tissuelayer, and cellular infiltration (Fig. 5).The small degenerated cyst contained a folded cuticular membrane. As a z"esult ofthe process of degeneration, cellular debris accumulated under the membrane and slougltedoff the germinal layer. When no enlargement was caused in tl?e cyst, the foldedcuticular membrane which had sloughed filled the cystic space, vvherc the forrnation ofcuticle still contiuned in the other portion of the germinal layer. Calcification becamealso to be observed in tlte debris (Figs. 6 - 10).From these morplnological findings, tI?e exa?nined cases xxet"e diagnosed as those of" ttnilocular sterile (degenerated) type."It has raised serious problems in many fields that Echinococcus granulosus was detectedfrom such disease-fr

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