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The authors have conducted histopathological studies on various types of the avianleukosis complex"9?"). The materials used for these studies were morbid chickens wlaichhad occurred spontaneously in Japan since 1950.In this paper, histopathological investigation was carried out on 78 chickens whichwere believed to have been infected naturally with a disease identical with what hadbeen known by the name lVareks disease and broken out on 25 poultry farms mainly in1969. The birds were layer chickens of foreign-produced strains from 37 to 191 days ofage. For histological examination, as many samples as possible were collected fromvarious parts of organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems and theeyes. Furthermore, the authors reexamined the specimens dealt with in their previousreports, part II (neural lyrnphomatosis)20) and part III (ocular lymphomatosis)21).In the present studies, the following particulars were examined: the character ofproliferating cells, the distribution and severity of lesions, and the relationship betweenthe termination of the birds used and the type of proliferating cells. The proliferatir-ugcells were Iymphocytic and divided into three types, large, medium, and small, chieflyon the basis of size. The main Iesion of the disease in question was composed of pro-liferating cells. Such cells were also present frequently in blood vessels. Lesions weredistributed widely in organs, including the central and peripheral nervous tissues, eyes, mesenteries, and adipose tissues, located in the whole body. The lesions were variablein severity. Generally speaking, this disease had a tendency to be more malignant when pro-liferating cells of large and medium sizes were predominant in the cellular element ofeach lesion.From the findings thus obtained, especially those on the character of the proliferat-ing cells, it was considered that the disease dealt with in this paper should be called"lymphatic leukemia", and that "neural lymphomatosis" and "ocular lymphomatosis", which had been described in the authors previous reports, parts [120) and [1121), shouldbe regarded as diseases of the same category as lymphomatic leukemia. Moreover, it wasthought that "avian visceral lymphomatosis", which was described in the authors pre-vious reports, parts I") and VI3), should be called "germ cell sarcoma".

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[in Japanese]

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The distribution of Yersinia pseuclotuberculosis in man and many species of animalsvaries geographically. The frequency of isolation of this organism is much lower inJapan than in European countries. In their previous report19), the authors stressedthat full investigation should be performed to determine the distribution of Y. pseudo-tuberculosis in Japan. It is necessary to examine the organism recovered from feces inorder to clarify the distribution and the epizootiology of the organism. It is known thatthe isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis from contaminated materials is difficult. Nosatisfactory method has been established to isolate Y. pseudotuberculosis from suchcontaminated materials as feces, In the present study, the authors examined the selective medium and the enrichmentculture method described by PATFIRSON a-nd COOKS). The results obtained are asfollows.l. Using the enrichment culture method, the authors confirmed PATERSON andCOOKS findings that Y. pseudotuberculosis multiplied gradually to reach a maximumlevel of growth after 20 days, provided that the specimen was a 10 per cent suspensionin M/15 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.6) and the culture maintained at 5C.2. Y. pseudotuberculosis exhibited better growth on MacConkeys agar than on theselective medium described by PATE, RSON and COOK. It was considered that MacConkeysagar might be suitable as the selective medium for this organism.3. Satisfactory results were obtained on the recovery of Y. pseudotuberculosis froman artificial mixture of feces and from the feces of experimentally infected guinea pigs andnaturally infected rabbits when the following method had been used: (a) The specimenwas a 10 per cent suspension in phosphate buffer solution, (b) the culture was main-tained at 5C for 3 weeks, and (c) lMacConkeys agar was used for the isolation.4. It is considered that the same method as used for Y. pseudotuberculosis may beeffective for the isolation of Y. enterocolitica.

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There are very few reports on the activity values of aspartate aminotransferase(GOT) and alanine amir?otransferase (GPT) in oxyhemoglobin and their successivefractional precipitation. Especially, no papers have been published to deal with avianoxyhemoglobin in detail.In the present report, an ingenious method was proposed for separation of suchtransaminases as generally called "forward (F)-GOT, reverse (R)-GOT, F-GPT, andR-GPT." Some of the transaminases in adult chicken oxyhemoglobin could be fraction-ated into a very confined fraction.The results obtained are summarized as follows.In addition, the solution of adult chicken oxyhemoglobin used in this experimentwas prepared by a method proposed by the author18). The activity values of the fractionsseparated and their source sample were determined by the same substrates as usedfor the previous studies on transaminase activities in adult chicken blood plasma.l. The technique used for the fractionation of transaminases in adult chickenoxyhemoglobin depended for its principle upon Cohn and Oncleys method3, 9). Ac-cordingly, except for a slight modification on the adjustment of protein content, all theprocedures and the method of naming fractions used in this technique were the same asthose reported by those authors3?9).By using this method, all the fractions separated from adult chicken oxyhemoglobinnumbered twelve which fell under five large divisions. Tables l and 2 shows the relation-ships between these fractions and their transaminase activities.An important problem, however, is to select confining transaminases that will workto the highest possible degree. For the solution of this problem, it seems that the follow-ing fractions may have an advantage. 2. It appeared that component 2-c, its subtraction, and some conaponents of the4th grou pin adult chicken oxyhemoglobin might be related to some extent to the carriersof transaminases.As for R-GPT, it was possible that a subtraction of component 2-c might act as anR-GPT, which would be recovered from fractions IV-6 and IV-7. On the other hand, component 2-c might act as one of the transaminases which catalyze the substrates ofboth R-GOT and R-GPT and would be recovered from fraction V and its subtraction.Component 4-d of relative position 29 in the middle of component 4-d conjugatedwas present in fractions III, III-0, and III-2, 3. It was useful to activate the substrates ofboth R-GOT and R-GPT. From this, it seemed probable that some of the R-GOTcarriers might belong to the sarne type as R-GPT related. However, when the relativepositions of two components in the 4-d position in fractions IV-4 and IV-5, which werecatalyzed by the substrates of both transaminases for use in determination of F-GOT andF-GPT activity values, were examined, they were not the same as that of component 4-d.just described, but were arranged at both ends of that component. The relative positionsof the two components were found to be 28 and 30, respectively. These findings sug-gest that component 4-d may have been conjugated in adult chicken oxyhemoglobin andconsist of at least 3 components.The most important point, however, is that neither a subfraction of componentt 2-cnor component 4-d conjugated has anything in common with blood plasma. In contrastto blood plasma, this result seems to be an important fact to explain the distribution ofthe active fragment of transaminase in adult chicken oxyhemoglobin. In a report tocome, an attempt will be made to clarify a difference in chemical properties of the proteincontained in the transaminases bearing the samenames between oxyhmoglobin and bloodplasma.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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