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Eiichi KOKUE, Yoichi KUREBAYASHI, Minoru SHIMODA, Toyoaki HAYAMA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
143-149
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Prophylactic activity of pepstatin (PEP), alminium silicate (Al-Si), sodium polyacrylate (PAS) and sodium alginate (AGS) on the experimentally produced gastroesophageal (GE) ulcer of swine was evaluated by the method of serial endoscopic observation. A total of 23 pigs which could be observed little pathological change on GE area out of 28 pigs with gastric cannulae was used in the experiments. The GE uicer was produced in pigs which were subcutaneously injected betazole (50 mg/body) and reserpine (0.02mg/kg) once a day for 3 days (6/6). The pig was fed a small amount of mashed feed during test period. The result from the same experiment performed on the pig which had a test substance with mashed feed revealed that the administration of 20 mg/day of PEP and 20 g/day of PAS had an effective prophylactic activity on GE ulcer. On the other hand, the addition of Al-Si or AGS to mashed feed did not protect the GE area from ulceration. In a separate experiment, acidity and peptic activity of stomach content were determined 1 hr after ingestion of the feed. The determination of acidity and peptic activity revealed a positive antacidic and antipeptic activity in Al-Si and PEP treated animals, repectively. The prophylactic activity of PEP may be due to its antipeptic activity. Since PAS showed neither antacidic nor antipeptic activity, the mechanism of its antiulcerogenic activity remains to be elucidated.
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Hideharu SAEKI, Masaharu TOGO, Soichi IMAI, Toshio ISHII
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
151-156
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A method for in vitro serial passage cultivation of T. muris was studied and the results obtained are as follows. (1) In three well known media (Tanabe-Chiba [15], Cysteine-Peptone-Liver Infusion-Maltose (CPLM) [10] and Egg-York Liver extract (Balamuth) [1, 2]) the trophozoites disappeared within 24 hrs. In Trypticase-Yeast-Maltose (TYM) [7] medium, they remained viable for 6 days but disappeared gradually within 4 successive passages. (2) In an autoclaved modified TYM, in which mouse cecal extract was added in all ingredients of TYM, the trophozoites could develop for 72 days (36 passages). (3) The isolation of trophozoites from cecal material was carried out by the method of gradient centrifugation with a Ficol-Conray 800 solution. By this technique, many viable trophozoites could be isolated. (4) Some of the trophozoites cultured for 72 days were frozen in liquid N
2 and proved viable after 14 days storage. These trophozoites could be cultured in the autoclaved modified TYM for more than One year.
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Kazunori IKE, Ryuma NURUKI, Soichi IMAI, Toshio ISHII
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
157-163
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The ciliate fauna and the bacterial flora excreted in feces of 60 race-horses belonging to Japan Racing Association were surveyed. The results obtained were as follows: (1) Seven classes of ciliate protozoa including 49 species belonging to 22 genera, were identified. Of them, 5 species were newly recorded in Japan. (2) Average number of the ciliates was 9.03×10
4/ml. No difference of the value among the host ages (2-6 years old) was recognized. (3) Average number of the ciliate species was 21. No difference of the value among the host ages was also recognized. (4) Efficient correlation (P < 0.001) was recognized between the incidence and the number of both ciliate genera and species. So the ciliates occurring in high population density tended to distribute widely among horses. (5) Average number of total bacterial count was 1.23×10
10/ml, and gram-negative rods were most predominant, followed by gram-positive cocci.
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Kenichi OHMAE, Shoichi YONEZAWA, Nobuyuki TERAKADO
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
165-170
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A total of 930 Escherichia coli strains, consisting of 307 strains isolated from cattle, 414 from swine, and 209 from chickens isolated during a period from 1976 to 1980, were examined for R plasmid with carbadox (Cdx) resistance. No Cdx-resistant strains were found among the strains of bovine and avian origin. All the bovine and avian strains were susceptible to 3.13 μg/ml of Cdx under anaerobic conditons. Of the 414 strains of porcine origin, however, 30 strains (7.2%) showed resistance to Cdx: All CdX-resistant strains were originated from six farms where Cdx was used for preventing swine dysentery or promoting piglet growth. Of the 30 resistant strains, 21 (70%), the isolates on a farm in 1980, had conjugative R plasmid carrying the Cdx-resistance determinant. The character of Cdx-resistance was invariably transmissible by conjugation to E.coli K-12 jointly with the resistance to such other drugs as streptomycin, spectinomycin and apmicillin. Then, pNV 13 with Cdx-resistance, a representative R plasmid isolated from a porcine strain of E. coli, was examined for the host range. It was conjugally transmissible to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella ryphi, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri 3a, but not to Treponema hyodysenteriae. These transconjugants carrying pNV 13 showed resistance to Cdx; the minimum inhibitory concentrations of Cdx raged from 6.25 to 12.5 μg/ml under anaerobic conditons.
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Hisashi KANAI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
171-178
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A total of 13, 455 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 103 hens, 109 Pigs, 122 cows and 117 humans during a period from 1978 to 1979 in Gunma prefecture and tested for drug-resistance and conjugative R plasmids. About 30 E. coli strains were collected from each individual. Criteria for drug-resistance were: TC, l2.5 μg/ml; CM, 12.5 μg/ml; SM, 12.5μg/ml; SA, 200 μg/ml; KM, 25.0 μg/ml and APC, 25.0 μg/ml. The ratios of individuals that excreted drug-resistant strains and isolation frequency of drug-resistant strains among total isolates in each animal species were: hens, 100%, 95%; pigs, 100%, 95%; cows, 66%, 54% and humans, 65%, 39%. The ratios of R plasmid-bearing individuals and isolation frequency of R plasmids among strains tested were: hens, 67%, 42%; pigs, 72%, 35%; cows, 34%, 20% and humans, 19%, 19%. Doubly to quadruply resistant strains were isolated most frequently from hens and pigs; but from cows and humans single-resistant strains were isolated most frequently among resistant strains. The highly frequent appearance of drug-resistant strains and R plasmids among hens and pigs reflects the habit of heavy application of drugs.
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Takao NISHIDA, Cha-Soo LEE, Yoshihiro HAYASHI, Tsutomu HASHIGUCHI, Kos ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
179-186
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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During the second survey on the Korean native livestock in 1982, 14 male and 42 female native chickens were measured for the morphometric comparison between the Korean native fowl and the other Asian native fowls (Indonesian, Philippine and Malaysian). Both multivariate and univariate analyses were made in this study. The following morphological characteristics were revealed. 1) The Korean native cock composes the largest group in size with the Indonesian and the game type of Philippine and Malaysian native cocks. 2) For the shape, the Korean native cock is similar to the Indonesian and the game type of Malaysian cock, but very different from the Philippine. 3) The Korean native hen is the largest in size among the Asian native hens examined, and even larger than the non-game type of Philippine and Malaysian cocks. 4) In the Korean native fowl, a large sexual difference was observed in size, but not in shape. In the present study, the variables obtained from 8 body measurements were used for the principal component analysis. Of these variables, the length of wing and long bones was applicable to discrimination of the size and shape of the chicken body formation.
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Atsuko TAMURA, Eiichi KOKUE, Toyoaki HAYAMA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
187-193
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The drug residue at the injected site after instramuscular administration of the water solution of sodium sufamonemethoxine (SMM, 10 mg/kg) was estimated by means of pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma concentration time data in 10 Goettingen miniature swine. With the pharmacokinetic analysis of the changes in plasma concetration of the drug following intramusculasr and intravenous injection, it was found that the drug was completely absorved from the injection site, i.e. F (bioavailability) was about 1. The overall absorption process obeyed a first order kinetics and the rate constant of absorption (ka) was calculated to be 2.87±2.14 (hr
-1n=8) by Loo-Riegelman method. Acoordingly, the mean value of fraction-unab-sorbed at the injection site was expressed as following equation; 1-(1 -e
-2.87t). The ratio of drug concentration at the non-injected muscle to that of plasma during the elimination phase was about 0.428±0.0331 (hr
-1 n=6). Assuming 1 ml of the tissue at the injection site was the minimum distribution volume for 1 ml of the drug solution and employing the lower 95% confidential limit of ka value, a possible highest concentration of the drug at the injection site became identical to that in the non-injected musle 13.3 hr after the drug injection. On the other hand, an absorption ending time determined by the chemical assay of the muscle samples collected from serially slaughtered animals after intramuscular injection of the drug around 5hr. Accordingly, in the case of such a water soluble drug as SMM, the time of absorption ending after the intramuscular injection could be predicted by means pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma drug time concentration data conservatively.
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Kosuke OKADA, Misao ONUMA, Shigeru NUMAKUNAI, Yuichi KAGAWA, Kyuko MIN ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
195-202
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Tumor-associated antigens were studied on the neoplastic cells of cattle affected with bovine lymphosarcoma (BL) by complement-dependent antibody cytotoxicity (CDAC) test and immunofluorescence (IF) test using antiserum produced in rabbits which were immunized with tumors from four cows. The antiserum from rabbits was absorbed with erythrocytes and pooled cells of lymph nodes from normal cows. Neoplastic cells from 18 of 21 cases affected with enzootic BL (EBL) showed cytotoxic reaction by CDAC test, but those were negative from one case of calf type BL (CBL). Cytoplasmic antigen was detected by IF test in acetone-fixed neoplastic cells from all 52 EBL cows examined. No reaction was observed in lymphocytes of normal 9 cows and 3 fetuses from EBL cows as well as in neoplastic cells of 3 CBL calves. Fluorescence was observed in 37% to 97% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from all EBL cases examined. None of PBL from 7 normal cows showed positive reaction.
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Yoshiaki OBARA, Terushi NAKANO, Tsuneo KUME, Masanao OHSHIMA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
203-208
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The present investigation was carried out with 67 quarter milk of lactating cows in the field to verify the relationship among the lysosome activities, the cell count and the milk components. Of lysosome enzymes, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase), β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase exhibited high correlation with the cell count. When the cell count was expressed in logalithm, NAGase showed a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.679 to 0.769 and β-glucuronidase from 0.592 to 0.720. Acid phosphatase showed, however, a decrease in the coefficient from 0.680 to 0.432. NAGase showed a considerably high correlation with β-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase with r=0.672∼0.675. Aldorase exhibited a high correlation with NAGase with r=0.687 and with acid phosphatase with r=0.682, but not so high a correlation with β-glucuronidase. Chloride exhibited a remarkably high correlation with NAGase (r=0.875) and arylsulphatase (r=0.767) and a low correlation with β-glucuronidase. When examined for correlation with enzymatic activities, lactose correlated to NAGase with r= -0.810, to acid phosphatase with r= -0.676, to arylsulphatase with r=-0.687, and to aldorase with r=-0.612. When examined for correlation with each enzymatic activity, milk protein showed a considerably high correlation with β-glucuronidase and α-mannosidase. Milk fat exhibited a correlation with β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase and arylsulphatase (r=0.453∼0.567). From these results it was concluded that of the lysosome enzymes, NAGase could be used as an indicator of inflammation in the udder and that β-glucuronidase might be utilizable for diagnosis of mastitis.
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Satoshi FUKUDA, Haruzo IIDA, Osamu MATSUOKA, Koji SHIBUYA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
209-215
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Thirty beagles aged from 3 to 9.3 years in our breeding colony showed clinically gait abnormality due to intervertebral disc protrusion. The intervertebral discs were examined radiographically and anatomically for pathological changes. The radiographic images of symptomatic cases showed intervertebral disc protrusion and narrowed intervertebral spaces in the thoracolumber regions. Such alteration of the structure of the intervertebral disc as herniation of nucleus pulposus, degeneration and avulsion of fibers of annulus fibrosus were anatomically observed. The high incidence of such lesions seems to have been due to mainly stress to the vertebral column by disturbed motion under such an unacceptable breeding condition that three dogs were continuously housed together in a small cage for a long time from youth, in addition to spontaneous senile changes.
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Akira YASOSHIMA, Fujio FUJINAMI, Kunio DOI, Akihiro KOJIMA, Hiroshi TA ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
217-225
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Occurrence of coronavirus-like virions and associated degenerative changes were seen in the enterocytes of jejunal villi of a mongrel dog which had been diagnosed first as canine parvoviral disease from virological and pathological examinations. A cytopathic agent was isolated in dog kidney cell cultures from intestinal contents of the present case. The isolate, Toda strain, had morphological and physicochemical properties in common with the viruses of the coronavirus group. Toda strain was neutralized by ascites obtained from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis. Thus the case was diagnosed precisely as the mixed infection of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus.
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Hiromu SUGIYAMA, Jiro SONODA, Tamotsu TOMIMURA, Hiroshi NISHIDA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
227-236
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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During the period from July, 1979 to May, 1981, the freshwater crab, Geothel-phusa dehaani, which is known as the second intermediate host of the lung fluke, Paragonimus westermani, was collected at 16 different localities in Higashi-Yoshino area of Nara Prefecture. A total of 4, 833 crabs were examined for the metacercariae of P. westermani. At the 5 localities, a total of 290 metacercariae of the lung fluke were obtained from 172 (6.1%) of 2, 812 crabs captured. The number of metacercariae per positive crab varied from 1 to 13, with an average of 1.7. No metacercarial infestation was found in 2, 021 crabs at the remaining localities. On the basis of the morphological features of the metacercariae, as well as the adults and their eggs recovered from the experimental cats, all the Paragonimus metacercariae collected in this investigation were identified as the metacercariae of the "Original type" of P. westermani (Kerbert, 1878) as proposed by Miyazaki. Based on the present results, Higashi-Yoshino area of Nara Prefecture has to be added to the list of prevalent areas of this lung fluke in Japan.
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Koichi NOMURA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
237-240
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Takashi UMEMURA, Osamu KATSUTA, Masanobu GORYO, Takatoshi HAYASHI, Chi ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
241-243,246
Published: April 05, 1983
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Yutaka SUNAGA, Fujiko TANI, Kiyotaka MUKAI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
247-250
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Noboru KAIGE, Akira SUGIYAMA, Shingo YAMANAKA, Osamu SASAKI, Masahiro ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
251-254
Published: April 05, 1983
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Tsutomu SEKIZAKI, Nobuyuki TERAKADO, Kazunori HASHIMOTO
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
255-257
Published: April 05, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Masanori KUBO, Masashi MORIWAKI, Hiroshi WATASE
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
259-262
Published: April 05, 1983
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Kaoru KOSHIMIZU, Masahiro ITO, Teruo MAGARIBUCHI, Hitoshi KOTANI
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
263-268
Published: April 05, 1983
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Toshihiko NAKAO, Akiyoshi SUGIHASHI, Nobuhiko SAGA, Nobuo TSUNODA, Kei ...
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
269-273
Published: April 05, 1983
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Ryo HARASAWA, Akira OZAKI, Tomotari MITSUOKA
1983 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages
275-279
Published: April 05, 1983
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