Forestomach ulcer of rat which resembles with swine gastroesophageal ulcer developed in 100% of starved rats reared with glucose solution for 5 days. This incidence rate was much higher than that observed in water given rats. Examining the difference of ulcer incidences between 2 groups, the enhancement of gastric secretion attended by a large amount of drinking may be a causative factor. In that gastric expansion due to drinking a large amount of glucose solution may cause to stimulate gastric secretion. Forestomach mucosa may be attacked more vigorously by the increased secretion of gastric acid and pepsin. This causative process of the ulcer development may be similar to that of the swine ulcer. Antiulcerogenic test of following 5 substances on the forestomach ulcer was also performed; pepstatin, NaHCO₃, carboxy-methylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate (PAS) and sodium alginate (AGS). Among them pepstatin (an antipeptic), PAS (a thickening agent) and AGS (a thickening agent or anti-heartburn agent) were evaluated to be effective prophylactic agents. Now we are in contemplation to examine their effectiveness on the naturally occurring or experimentally induced swine ulcer.

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A Heidenhain pouch usable for several months was constructed in a Landrace secondary SPF piglet. The behaviors of electrolytes and pepsin in the gastric juice induced by tetragastrin (TG) were studied in the piglet, in comparison with the dog. A high positive correlation was observed between H⁺ concentration and secretory volume. The same results were obtained by stimulation with betazole and carbamylcholine. The concentrations of Na⁺ and Ca⁺⁺ decreased, but those of K⁺ and Cl^- increased with an increase in volume. The concentrations of these 4 ions correlated highly with H⁺ concentration or volume. Mg⁺⁺ concentration increased temporarily after the TG administration and decreased there after. This curious responste of Mg⁺⁺ concentration was observed in the dog, as well as in the piglet, after administration with any other stimulant. Pepsin concentration increased temporarily after TG stimulation, then turned to be at a basal level, and increased slightly thereafter. The kinetics of electrolytes on the gastric juice in the pig seemed to resemble that in the dog.

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Genetical investigation was carried out on the stability or transferability of the citrate-utilizing (Cit) character of 3 citrate-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from a pigeon, a pig and a cow, respectively. The Cit character was less stable in Cit⁺ E. coli strains at an incubation temperature of 43°C than at 25 or 37°C. Its spontaneous loss increased by successive cultures. A Cit-ability stable clone (A) and an unstable clone (B) were obtained from each of Cit⁺ E. coli strains KE10 (pig origin) and C53 (cow origin). Each clone was further investigated for the stability or transferability of the Cit character. This character and drug resistance markers were more efficiently cotransferred to the E. coli K-12 strain at 25°C than 37°C. Cit⁺R^- transconjugants were also obtained from Cit⁺R^- donor strain. The Cit character of the Cit⁺R⁺ E. coli strains tested was transferred not only to the E. coli K-12 strain, but also to Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella abortusequi and Salmonella pullorum with drug resistance markers at 25°C. The importance of the potential transmission of Cit character among the enterobacterial strains was discussed from a taxonomic point of view.

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In homebred and satisfactory grown 222 beagles (108 males and 114 females), X-ray photographs were taken periodically over a period from one day to 14 months of age to study growth of the bones of the pectoral limb. The appearance of the epiphyseal and diaphyseal ossification centers, the process of formation of proper shapes, fusing of epiphysis to diaphysis, and closure of the epiphyseal line were examined by referring to the assessing standards of bone age of Ohwada and Sutow. An increase in bone length and body weight was measured at the same time. In all the bones, except the carpal bones, of the pectoral limb, the diaphyseal ossification center appeared at one day of age. It appeared in the carpal bones by 2 months of age. The epiphyseal ossification center appeared in those bones at different times. It was seen earliest, or at one week of age, in the caput humeri and last, or at 2 months of age, at the cranio-distal end of the scapula and at the distal end of the ulna. Closure of the epiphyseal line occurred earliest, or at 6 months of age, at the cranio-distal end of the scapula and latest, or at 14 months of age, in the caput humeri. It took place in almost all the main long bones at 10-12 months of age. Bones grew rapidly in length up to 5 months of age and Slowly thereafter. They ceased increasing in length at about 10 months of age. The bones of the pectoral limb as a whole reached an adult state at 14 months of age.

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Concentrations of each class of serum immunoglobulins and two subclasses of serum IgG immunoglobulins were obtained from a total of 165 Japanese Black cattle which were classified serologically and hematologically into several groups, and from 9 cattle with adult type leukemia. Results revealed no significant differences in the levels of serum immunoglobulins between groups of cattle serologically negative and positive for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antibodies, and among groups of hematologically negative, suspicious and positive, On the other hand, the serum IgM level tended to be lower in the hematologically positive group than in the other groups, and significantly lower in the leukemic group (p<0.01). The serum IgG and IgM levels in groups of cattle which subsequently became positive for BLV antibody and were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the number of months following conversion (0-3, 3-7 and 7-12 months) showed no significant difference from the levels in their earlier antibody-negative stage. However, the serum IgG and IgM concentrations of a group of antibody-negative cattle which were converted to antibody-positive while they were still in mountainous pastures were significantly lower than those of the negative group of cattle as evaluated by 3 or 4 immunodiffusion or complement fixation tests given over a time course (p<0.01).

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A comparison test was carried out with 24 kinds of type specific antibodies prepared by the authors and Bull et al. for the purpose of standardizing dog blood grouping antisera in Japan. As a result, anti-D₁ and anti-E were identical with anti DEA-3, anti-A was with anti DEA-5, and anti-180a with anti DEA-8. Anti-M and anti DEA-5 possessed a common specificity. No antisera had the same specificity as anti DEA-1·1, 2, -1·1, -4, -6 or -7. Besides, anti-D₂, -B, -C, -F, -G, -L (-H, -I, -43), -44 and -2a prepared by the authors were identical with none of anti-DEA sera.

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In order to investigate the effects of dietary Mg and Ca composition and lactation on the Mg and Ca content of wool, wool production, and protein (keratin), the Mg and Ca contents of wool, and serum concentrations of Mg and Ca were measured in two lactating (L) and two non-lactating (NL) ewes. These ewes had been fed a control diet, a low-Mg and low-Ca diet (Experiment I) and herbage (Experiment II) for 10 days each. 1) Serum Mg concentration was lower in all the ewes in Exp. I than in controls and in Exp. II. It was lower in the L than in the NL ewes during the experimental periods. Serum Ca concentration was inclined to rise in three of the four ewes throughout the experimental periods. 2) Wool production did not significantly change during the experimental periods. The protein content of wool, however, decreased in three ewes, as compared with controls, in Exp. I. It decreased in all the ewes, as compared with controls, in Exp. II. The ratio of protein content to wool production was lower in all the ewes in Exp. I than in controls and in Exp. II. 3) The Mg content of wool was smaller in the three ewes in Exp. I than in controls. The Ca content of wool was smaller in all the ewes in Exp. I than in controls and in Exp. II. The concentrations of Mg and Ca in wool were lower in all the ewes in Exp. I than in controls and in Exp. II. There was a significant positive correlation of Mg with the Ca content of wool during the experimental periods. 4) It was suggested that the fall of serum Mg concentration induced by Mg defrciency might be a limiting factor which would reduce the Mg and Ca content of wool, or repress the biosynthesis of protein (keratin) of wool. It was considered as a reflection of serum Ca/Mg ratio that the Ca/Mg ratio of wool was higher in the L ewes than in the NL ewes during the experimental periods.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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