[in Japanese]

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The authors previously reported the clostridial flora in the feces and alimentary tractsof various animals, stating that there were many unidentified strains among their isolates.In this study, the clostridial flora in soil was investigated. Twenty-seven samples werecollected from 7 prefectures of the northern part of Honshu, Japan, i.e., Aomori, Iwate, 1VIiyagi, Akita, Yarnagata, Fukushima, and Niigata Prefectures.The results obtained were as follows.I. A total of 217 strains were isolated frorn these soil samples. Of the isolates, 107strains were identified as the following II species of the genus Clostridium in accordancewith Bergeys Manual.sporogenesperfringensmultfermentansparabotulinumbutyricum7Z o vy Zbotulinumfallaxtetanoidescochleariumiodophilumsphenoides110 strains50 stranns21 strains14 strains8 strains3 stratns3 strauns2 stramns2 strauns1 strain1 strain1 strain1 strain(50.7%) were unable to be identified.

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[in Japanese]

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During a period from 1960 to 1963, a total of 568 serum samples were collected from209 cattle>70 swine>120 goats>28 dogs>and 186 persons in the Kyushu district. Theywere tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against two types of bovine entero-viruses which had been isolated from the feces of apparently healthy cattle in Japan. A testwas considered positive when the antibodies in the serum tested neutralized 100 TCID../... mlof viruses in a dilutiorr of l : 10.I. Neutralizing antibodies against type I and type II viruses were found in 93.8 and68.8%, restcectivelv>of the bovine serum samtcles collected from Kurnamoto Prefecture, in33.3 and 0.9% of those collected frorm [VIiyazaki Prefecture>and 66.7 and 43.3% of thosecollected from Saga Prefecture.2. Antibodies against type I and type II viruses were found in 35.7 and 56.3%, respectively, of the swine serum samples collected from Kumarnoto Prefecture and 66.0 and77.8% of those from Oita Prefecture.3. Positive tests with type I and type II viruses were given by 25.0 and 22.5%, respectively, of the goat serurn samples collected from Kumamoto Prefecture.4. No demonstrable antibodies were found in 28 dogs collected from KurnamotoPrefecture.5. Type I and type II viruses were neutralized by 78.5 and 94.3%, respectively, ofthe human sera collected in Kumamoto Prefecture.6. Positive reaction to these viruses was shown by cattle kept in Aso County, Kumamoto Prefecture, where the viruses had been isolated, at 21 final dilution of I : 160 to1 : 640, and by those kept in another county of the same prefecture at a dilution of 1 : 20to 1 : 160.7. In this survey>bovine, hunnant and swine sera frequently>and goat serum occasion=ally, reacted with bovine enteroviruses, because of the presence of neutralizing antibodies.8. No inhibitory activity upon the two types of bovine enLerovirttses was found in thebovine, goat, swine, and human sera examined.

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In their previous investigation, the authors studied the normal bacterial flora of therectal feces in the healthy pig, and particularly clarified changes in the species and numbersof organisms appearing in the rectal feces with the advance in growth of the pig. Ill thepresent investigation, experiments were carried out to determine what changes would occurin the normal bacterial flora of the rectal feces and contents of intestinal tract of the pigwhen large doses of various antibiotics were aclrrninistered to this animal.The results obtained are summarized as follows.1. No remarkable changes occurred in the normal bacterial flora after the administ-ration of a single dose of any antibiotic. Only Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus organismsshowed a decrease in number for several days after the single administration. Accordingly, it was made clear that the composition of tlte normal bacterial flora was of rather solidstability.2. It was extremely difficult to remove all Line bacteria from the bacterial flora ofthe rectal feces even by means of the consecutive administration of large doses of antibiotics.Such type of administration finally allowed Streptococcus exclusively to multiply in therectal feces.3. Characteristic changes were observed in the bacterial flora of each portion of thedigestive tract in a pig administered consecutively with large doses of antibiotics. Whenthe relationship between the section of the alimentary canal and the number of microbialspecies isolated was examined>the section covering tlre duodenum through the cecum wasfound harboring Yeasts at 5 to 8, as expressed by Log count per gram of sample, and theduodenum and ileum eontained Bifidobacterium at 4.5 and 8, respectively. The value ofStreptococcus detected was 10 in the rectum and decreased gradually as the intestinalcanal was followed upward, reaching 5 in the duodenum.4. It is very diflicult to detect any abnormality on the part of the animal body byexamining the bacterial flora of the rectal feces alone. In order to attain these p

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