-
Hiroshi IMAGAWA, Yasumasa ANDO, Masanobu KAMADA, Takeo SUGIURA, Takesh ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
797-802
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A serological survey was conducted to know the prevalence of Getah virus (GV) among horses in some areas, including one where GV infection had occurred, in Japan. In the Miho Training Center (T.C.) for horses, where an outbreak of GV infection had occurred among racehorses in autumn of 1978, serum neutralizing (SN) antibody against GV was detected in 6.0% of 232 horses before this outbreak, and in 93.0% of 129 infected horses and in 34.2% of 152 uninfected horses after this outbreak. In a serological survey in 1978, SN antibody against GV was detected from every area surveyed, but it was only in the Kyushu area that the antibody was detected in 1-year-old horses. When serum samples were collected annually from 200 horses in the Shiroi Branch of the Nakayama Racecourse during a period from 1972 to 1977, SN antibody against GV was detected in some of them every year. From these results, it was suggested that the symptoms of the affected horses in the Miho T.C. might have been caused by GV, and further that GV infection might have bcen spread among horses in Japan before the epizootic in 1978.
View full abstract
-
Toru FUJINAGA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
803-813
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The pathogenicity of Babesia ovata was studies clinically, hematologically and blood-chemically in splenectomized and non-splenectomized cattle experimentally infected with this parasite. In six splenectomized cattle, the parasite multiplied markedly in the blood stream soon after inoculation. An elevated rectal temperature, anorexia, severe anemia, icterus and hemoglobinuria were observed clinically. Two of six cattle died. Hematologically, a marked decrease was observed in erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin level, leukocyte count and platelet count, as parasitemia increased in severity. Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid levels were elevated, but total serum protein and blood glucose levels declined during the hemolytic phase. On urinalysis, hemoglobinuria, urobilinuria and proteinuria were present at the same time. It is considered that these changes have close relation to the multiplication of parasites in the blood stream and that the higher the intensity of parasitemia, the severer clinical symptoms are. Parasitemia was very mild in six non-splenectomized cattle in which anemia was also mild. Consequently, clinical, hematological and blood-chemical changes were relatively mild in these cattle. Therefore, it is considered that the pathogenicity of Babesia ovata was characterized not only by anemia, icterus and hemoglobinuria, but also by hepatic and renal dysfunction when parasites multiplied markedly in the blood stream due to such immuno-suppressive factors as splenectomy.
View full abstract
-
Yutaka CHIHAYA, Kiyoshi MATSUKAWA, Hiroyuki TANIYAMA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
815-822
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Studies were made on the occurrence rates and ultrastructures of intracyto-plasmic crystalline inclusion bodies in the parietal cells of fattened steers. The abomasum examined was collected from 90 Holstein-Friesian and 13 Japanese Black-hair steers approximately 20 months old. The occurrence rates were different between the two breeds. The inclusion body was detected in 100% of the Holstein-Friesian and in 53.8% of the Japanese Black-hair steers. Inclusion bodies appeared specifically in fattened steers. They might be induced by unphysiological conditions of the abomasum under fattening. Crystalline inclusion bodies were homogeneous, acidophilic, and rod-shaped in H-E stained sections. Electron microscopic studies were performed on 4 Holstein-Friesian steers. The inclusion bodies were rod-like, hexagonal or rhombic in shape, and electron dense, without outer membrane, and located in the cytoplasmic matrix. There was no relationship between inclusion bodies and cytoplasmic organelles. The inclusion bodies appeared to reveal rod shape in the longitudinal section, regular hexagonal shape in the cross section, and rhombic shape in the oblique section. The fundamental shape of the crystalline inclusion body was considered to be a regular hexagonal rod with hemispherical ends. One side of the hexagon was 1.1-2.0μ in length. The longitudinal length of the rod was about 13-23μ. The internal structure of the crystalline inclusion body consisted of regularly arranged micro-tubular structures, which were about 115-154 Å in diameter. The center-to-center distance between two adjacent tubuli was about 190-200Å. The cross sections of the tubuli were hexagonal. Three adjacent tubuli gathered to form a regular triangle.
View full abstract
-
Kanjuro OTOMO, Toshio KOIKE, Tadaaki KUDO, Tamotsu SAKAI
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
823-832
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The structure and behavior of canine transmissible venereal tumor after repeated transplantation were studied. Ten random mongrel dogs were divided into a control group (Nos. 1-5) and an experimental group (Nos. 6-10). Before the investigation the experimental animals were sensitized repeatedly by subcutaneous injections of a tumor cell suspension. The cell suspension (cell viability=22.0-38.8%) was transplanted subcutaneously into the right and left hypogastric regions, and within 4 to 5 days after transplantation, a palpable tumor with nodules of 3-5 mm in diameter was detected. By the 18th day after transplantation, the tumors of the experimental animals were not observable. The regression of the tumor in the experimental animals showed the following pattern: firstly, the tumor cells were infiltrated by lymphocytes; secondly, the lymphocytes adhered to the surface of the tumor cells; thirdly, the tumor cells were destroyed and ultimately reabsorbed. Electron microscopy of the tumor cell destruction revealed the following: some of the lymphocytes adhered to the tumor cell at the surface of the cell membrane running parallel to it; when the lymphocytes came into contact with the tumor cell, an intedigitation of protuberances of both cells was visible; the surface of the tumor cell membrane was disturbed at the point of contact; the tumor cell appeared swollen and showed an irregular form; and the cytoplasm was vacuolated with many electron-dense granules. As above mentioned, lymphocytes are thought to have an important role in the regression of the tumor.
View full abstract
-
Haruo YOSHIMURA, Osamu ITOH, Shoichi YONEZAWA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
833-840
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Benzylpenicillin (PG-G) and ampicillin (AB-PC) were administered intramuscularly to pigs and calves. An attempt was made to identify these penicillins qualitatively in tissues and urine collected from the animals after slaughter. The kidney, liver and muscle were homogenized into fourfold dilutions. The diameter of an inhibition zone produced by each dilution was determined on Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 plates at pH 6.0 and 8.0. The urine was diluted up to 625-fold. Thin-layer chromatographic identification was performed for only tissue and urine samples characterized by the largest inhibition zone that was observed on M. luteus plate and inactivated by the addition of penicillinase. Next, a sample extracted with methanol was spotted on a silica gel plate, which was then developed in ethyl acetate-methanol-water (6:2:1). Rf values were determined by bioautography with M. luteus as the test organism. They were about 2 times as high in animals given PC-G as in those given AB-PC. They coincided closely with those of reference antibiotic solutions. Thus, it seems likely that PC-G and AB-PC residues may be identified in slaughtered animals by thin-layer chromatography with the spot volume of 10 and/or 30μl on the basis of inhibition zones produced on M. luteus plate. It was recommended that chromatography should be performed on extracts from the medulla rather than cortex of the kidney, which had been proved to contain penicillins.
View full abstract
-
Tomoko HIGASHIHARA, Hisao IZAWA, Misao ONUMA, Hiroshi KODAMA, Takeshi ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
841-851
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A virus was isolated from a mink kit which was suffering from infectious diarrhea by direct kidney cell cultures. This virus formed large intranuclear inclusions in the cell cultures of feline origin. Many inclusions were observed when the virus was inoculated on the cells prior to the formation of cell sheet. The incidence of these inclusions decreased when the virus was inoculated on the complete monolayers. The nucleic acid type of the virus is DNA. The virus particle is a sphere with a diameter of approximately 24nm. It is stable to organic solvents, acid and heat. The virus agglutinated pig, green monkey and crab-eating monkey erythrocytes at 4°C under the condition of pH 6.5 and 6.8. The infectivity of the virus was neutralized with antisera against mink enteritis virus or feline panleukopenia virus. Hemagglutination of the virus was inhibited by the same sera. According to the results of these morphological, physicochemical and sero-logical tests, the virus was identified as mink enteritis virus. Specific pathogen-free cat, which was inoculated with the virus, showed anorexia and vomiting. In the cat, total leukocyte counts decreased significantly and antibodies to the virus were detected. Contact infection was observed.
View full abstract
-
Junji KAMIZAKI, Kazumasa SHIMIZU, Shinjiro NAKAJYO, Norimoto URAKAWA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
853-861
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
PGE
2 was examined for the effect on contractile response of the ileal longitudinal muscle isolated from eight animal species, monkey, dog, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, vole, rat and mouse. In isotonic recording, PGE
2 induced a sustained contraction in the ileum isolated from monkey and cat. It caused a transient contraction followed by a relaxation in the ileum isolated from other animal species. The sensitivity of ileal strips to the contractile effect of PGE
2, as estimated from 50% effective dose (ED
50) of PGE
2, was in the order of guinea pig>vole>rabbit>rat>mouse>monkey>dog>cat. On the other hand, ED
50 values of acetylcholine (ACh) were in the concentrations ranging from 1×10
-7 M to 5×10
-7 M except for guinea pig. Thus, there were species differences in the sensitivity of the ileal strips to PGE
2 but not to ACh. Further, the contractile responses to PGE
2 in the intestine from these animal species were divided into three groups using various inhibitors. In the group 1 animals consisting of herbivorous like rabbit, guinea pig and vole, PGE
2 contractions were inhibited by TTX, atropine, scopolamine or SC-19220. In the group 2 animals consisting of carnivorous like dog and cat, PGE
2 contractions were inhibited by scopolamine and SC-19220 but not by atropine or TTX. In the group 3 animals consisting of omnivorous like monkey, rat and mouse, PGE
2 contractions were inhibited only by SC-19220.
View full abstract
-
Toshikazu OKAMOTO, Junzo YAMADA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
863-870
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The endocrine cells in the duck proventriculus were observed by light and electron microscopy. Most of argyrophil cells in the glandular lobules were bipolar or multipolar elongated in shape, but some were round in shape. In the superficial epithelium a few oval argyrophil cells were found. No argentaffin cell impregnated by Masson and Hamperl's method was found in the duck proventriculus. At least four types (I to IV) of endocrine cells were identified by ultrastructural morphology of the secretory granules and other cytoplasmic organelles. Type I cells were characterized by the presence of small (100-250 nm in diameter), spherical granules with various densities and internal structures. This type of cell seemed to correspond to the Grimelius- or Sevier-Munger-positive elongated cells. Type II cells contained numerous large, spherical (200-450 nm) granules and a few polymorphous (200-500 nm in longest diameter) granules with homogeneously electron-dense content surrounded by a limiting membrane. A few lipid-like droplets were found in their cytoplasm. Type III cells were characterized by the presence of medium-sized spherical granules (230-400 nm) of variable electron-density surrounded by limiting membranes. This type of cell seemed to correspond to the D cell in the duck pancreas. Type IV cells were distinguished by small, spherical granules (80-200 nm) with high-electron dense content surrounded by close-fitting membranes. All endocrine cells found in the duck proventriculus were of the closed type.
View full abstract
-
Takuo ISHIDA, Saburo KAWAI, Kosaku FUJIWARA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
871-874
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Plasma samples from household cats in Tokyo area were examined for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Out of 642 cases examined, 37 (5.8%) were found FeLV-positive. Cats with some clinical disorders were more frequently FeLV-positive showing mortality as high as 54% during a 14-month survey. The FeLV-positive cats showed a wide variety of disorders, most frequently renal diseases and anemia.
View full abstract
-
Takashi YOSHIKAWA, Takashi OYAMADA, Hiroyasu YOSHIKAWA, Makiko SAKAGUC ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
875-881,885
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Experiments were performed to investigate the carcinogenic potential of Bracken fern (Pteris aquilina) using 211 rats, with pathomorphological assessment of vesical tumors. Groups of rats receiving bracken in feed developed neoplastic growths in the small intestines, subcutis, kidney and palate as well as in the urinary bladder, thus providing evidence for marked carcinogenicity of the plant. Histological observation revealed the development in the urinary bladder of papilloma (60 cases), transitional cell carcinoma (9 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (17 cases), adenocarcinoma (2 cases), fibroma (6 cases), leiomyosarcoma (2 cases) and hemangioma (1 case) showing benign to malignant properties. The tumors were more frequent and had greater degrees of malignancy in the groups receiving higher concentrations of bracken in feed. Of particular note in the development of epithelial tumors were hyperplasia of the epithelial layer and behavior of mast cells with associated edema of the mucosal epithelium and appearance of acidophilic spindle cells.
View full abstract
-
Masamichi KUROHMARU, Takao NISHIDA, Koshi MOCHIZUKI
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
887-899
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The gastric mucosa of herbivorous field voles was examined with the naked eyes, a light microscope, and a scanning and a transmission electron microscope. Its morphological characteristics were compared with those of omnivorous golden hamsters. The stomach of the hamster consists of two parts, forestomach and glandular stomach, whereas that of the field vole is composed of three parts, esophageal sac, fundic stomach and pyloric stomach. The fundic stomach has a number of gastric glands which open by oval pits on the mucosal smooth surface. The esophageal sac mucosa and the pyloric stomach mucosa are connected with each other on the side of the lesser curvature, both the mucosal membranes being lined with stratified squamous epithelia. The mucosal surface of the esophageal sac has numerous complicated folds, whereas that of the pyloric stomach has a succession of regularly and compactly arranged protrusions. A fimbria, specific to the field vole, is observed between the esophageal sac and the fundic stomach, making a definite distinction of these two parts. The fimbria appears to strengthen the function of the esophageal sac as a fermental vat. The pyloric gland region is separated from the fundic stomach by the pyloric stomach and is located at the short part just before the duodenum. The functional roles of the pyloric stomach and the pyloric gland segment are not clear.
View full abstract
-
Yoshihiro HAYASHI, Takao NISHIDA, Koshi MOCHIZUKI, Jun-ichi OTSUKA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
901-907
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The skull samples of three types of Indonesian native cattle (Bali, Madura, and Aceh cattle) and the wild Banteng were collected and were measured for the morphometric comparison among these three cattle and between the Banteng and the Bali cattle. Both the multivariate and univariate analyses were made in this study. The characteristics of the skulls classified according to the populations were as follows: (1) Aceh cattle: the width and height of the skull were shorter than the length and the cerebral part of the skull was larger than the facial part. (2) Madura cattle: the characteristics were intermediate between the Aceh and Bali cattle. The degree of uniformity within the population was as low as that of the Aceh cattle. (3) Bali cattle: the characteristics resembled the Banteng rather than the Aceh and Madura cattle. However, the intercornual protuberance was absent in the skull of the Bali cattle, while it was observed either in the other native cattle and in the Banteng.
View full abstract
-
Mineo HAYASAKI, Kazuhide NAKAGAKI, Shigeo KOBAYASHI, Isamu OHISHI
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
909-914
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The immunological responses of dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis were studied by macrophage migration inhibition (MI) test (indirect method), indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. Both 13 non-infected dogs and 20 naturally infected dogs were negative for MI test, when examined with antigens prepared from adult worms and intrauterine microfilariae. Three dogs experimentally infected with D. immitis (98 to 121 infective larvae) and 2 non-infected controls were monitored for the kinetics of immunological responses during the course of infection. In infected dogs, both IHA and reaginic antibody productions were demonstrated throughout prepatent and patent periods of the infection. It seems likely that the marked production of these antibodies was associated with the timing of fourth larval molt and the occurence of microfilaremia. Nevertheless, the MI tests were negative for these dogs throughout the prepatent period of the infection.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi SATO
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
915-917
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Toshiharu SHINJO, Makoto YOSHITAKE, Hiroko KIYOYAMA, Naoaki MISAWA, Ka ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
919-921
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Chitoshi ITAKURA, Junko NAKATSUKA, Masatomo GOTO
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
923-925,927
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Tomoko HIGASHIHARA, Hisao IZAWA, Misao ONUMA, Hiroshi KODAMA, Takeshi ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
929-931
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Junichi KAWANO, Akira SHIMIZU, Shige KIMURA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
933-936
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masaro NAKAGAWA, Manabu SAITO, Kazuko KOHJIMA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
937-940
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Junko NISHIDA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
941-946
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hideyuki NAGASAWA, Yoshimi TAKEI, Tadatoshi MIYAGAMI, Naoyoshi SUZUKI, ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
947-950
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Narong CHUNGSAMARNYART, Tohru WATANABE, Toshitake FUJIOKA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
951-953,955
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hajime TSUJIMOTO, Kinji SHIROTA, Toshiharu HAYASHI, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
957-959,961
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Teruo YAMASHITA, Katsuya HIRAI, Seigo SHIMAKURA, Kimikazu ITOH, Atau H ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
963-965
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hideyuki SAWA, Katsuya HIRAI, Toshio KINJO, Iemitsu SHIBATA, Seigo SHI ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
967-969
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Nobuyuki TERAKADO, Seiichi ARAKI, Yasuyuki MORI, Tsutomu SEKIZAKI, Kaz ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages
971-974
Published: December 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
