A virus was isolated from the trachea and lung of an amaduvade finch. It had the biological and morphological characteristics of the genus Paramyxovirus and was serologically distinct from the known members of the genus. When inoculated intranasally into amaduvade finches, the, virus was recovered from the lung and large intestine until the 21st postinoculation day. No clinical signs or HI antibody responses were found. The virus was designated as Paramyxovirus/finch/Hokkaido/2/78.

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The endocrine cells of the pyloric region of the duck were observed by light and electron microscopy. This region was about 4 mm in width in its circular zone between the gizzard and duodenum, Many endocrine cells were present in it. They were represented by argyrophil cells. At least five types, I to V, of endocrine cells were identified by the electron microscopical morphology of granules in the cytoplasm. Type I cells were characterized by the presence of round and medium-sized granules (250-400 nm). Many of them, looked empty or contained a vague, cloud-like or spot-like core, and a few were dark and seemed to be solid. Type II cells were distinguished by the existence of small, round granules (100-200 nm) which possessed a dense core and a "halo". Type III cells had small (100-300nm in shorter diameter), characteristically polymorphous granules. Type IV cells contained rather large (200-400 nm in shorter diameter) polymorphous granules of moderate to high electron density. Type V cells were characterized by the presence of large round (200-500 nm) granules with no halo. The cells of all the five types of cells were identified as open-type cells. Type I cells were found at a frequency higher than 70% of 1, 170 ertdocrine cells examined. Type IV cells were seen at a frequency of about 16%. Cells of any other type scarcely appeared. Endocrine cells in the pyloric region were compared between the duck and the chicken or quail.

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For the purpose of isolating antigenic variants of leptospiras from domestic animals, Leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and pomona were inoculated into puppies and spesific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs respectively, and the blood and kidneys of those animals were inoculated onto the solid medium each containing homologous immune serum. Colonies developed on the medium were divided into large, medium and small colonies. Some of these colonies picked at random were antigenically compared with the parent by a screening test using the precipitin-absorption test in gel. In the case of canicola, the antigenic variants were isolated from the blood of 7 of the 10 infected puppies. The antigenic variants were found in a large number of the large colonies from the blood and kidneys, and in a small number of the medium and small colonies from the blood, and none of the medium and small colonies from the kidneys. The antigenic variants were also isolated from the inocula, but they were isolated more frequently from the blood of the puppies than from the inocula. In the case of pomona, the antigenic variants were isolated only from the small colonies from the blood of 2 of the 5 infected pigs. Large colonies were never developed from the specimens of the pigs. The antigenic variants were isolated more frequently from the blood of the pigs than from the inocula. The variants were confirmed to be antigenically diffetent from their parent. The variants originated from the same parent were antigenically similar to one another. These results indicate that canicola Moulton and pomona MLS contained a small percentage of the antigenic variants and that the percentage of the variants was raised significantly, 3 to 7 days after the infection, in the blood of the puppies and pigs.

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With the aid of acrylic resin casting method and by scanning electron microscopy, the cavernous system of the canine penis was studied in comparison of the configuration of the erected penis with that of the non-erected penis. The glans was especially well developed, consisting of the pars longa glandis and the bulbus glandis. On the contrary, the corpus cavernosum penis was poorly developed. In all specimens observed, the glans was provided with a vein (Christensen's deep vein of the glans) which was located between the pars longa glandis and the bulbus glandis. In the erected condition of the penis, the glans remarkably expanded accompanied by proportional engorgement of its cavernous spaces, but the corpus cavernosum penis did not expand regardless of swelling of its cavernous spaces. Many circular furrows were present in the cavernous spaces of the erected glans. These furrows were considered to be images of the collagenous bundles in the trabeculae of the glans.

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Seven cases of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) clinically diagnosed as non-effusive type, were examined histopathologically. Most lesions were similar to those of effusive type of FIP, showinig necrosis with vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation in the kidneys, liver, mesenteritc lymph nodes, lungs, brain and eyes. After inoculation with emulsion of materials from one of the natural cases, effusive and non-effusive types of FIP were produced in 10 and 2 kittens, respectively. Histopathology and electron microscopy of the naturally occurring and experimentally induced cases revealed viral growth in large mononuclear cells at early stages of infection prior to formation of necrotic lesions.

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The effects of chicken anti-Eimeria tenella serum on the in vitro Phagocytosis of sporozoites and merozoites of E. tenella by chicken peritoneal macrophages were investigated. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was enhanced 30 to 120 min after inoculation of the parasites, when the 20% heat-inactivated immune serum was added to the medium. These effects were suppressed by the addition of papain fragments of rabbit IgG to chicken IgG into the medium. By the treatment with fresh immune serum, however, the number of the parasites ingested by macrophages did not increase during the observation period from 30 to 120 min after inoculation. The effects of various types of sera on the fate of sporozoites taken in macrophages were shown only in macrophages treated with fresh immune serum. In this group, the number of sporozoites contained in macrophages 2 hr after incubation was fewest compared with those of the other groups treated with heat-inactivated immune, heat-inactivated normal, and fresh normal sera, and the reduction rate of the parasites from 2 to 15 hr after incubation was higher than those of the other groups. The reduction rates of the parasites in the groups treated with heat-inactivated immune serum and normal serum were similar. These phenomena may be due to the effects of cytolytic action with complements and antibodies, resulting in complete or partial lysis of the parasites within a short period of time.

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Relationships among Mg, Ca and P metabolism and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were studied with four ewes which had been fed a control diet for 10 days before experiment. The ewes were fed a low-Mg and low-Ca diet for 10 days (Experiment I), a low-Mg diet supplemented with CaCO₃ for 8 days (Exp. II), and a normal-Mg diet supplemented with MgSO₄ for 7 days (Exp. III). In Exp. I, the decreased dietary levels of Mg and Ca resulted in a significant fall of the plasma level of PTH. In an old ewe (8 years old) in Exp. II, serum Ca rose strikingly and plasma PTH and serum Mg fell strikingly in level. Hypomagnesemic tetany occurred on the second day and the ewe was not able to stand up, eat or drink on the fourth day. Then plasma PTH rose strikingly in level from the fifth to the seventh days, when the ewe died of tetany. In the other three ewes in Exp. II, the plasma level of PTH did not change during the first half period of Exp. II. It rose to almost the same level as the control during the second half of this experiment, when the ewes lost their appetite. Exp. III was performed with the remaining three ewes. The serum level of Mg fell significantly. The plasma level of PTH also fell. At the same time the urinary excretion of Mg and Ca increased while that of P dropped. The present study suggested that the plasma level of PTH might fall by the deficiency or transient excess of Mg with no relation to Ca intake, and that the great imbalance of dietary Mg and Ca might cause hypomagnesemic tetany by the hypofunction of the parathyriod gland, as was shown in the old ewe.

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Effect of lactation on hypomagnesemia of ruminants was examined with two lactating and two non-lactating ewes. The balance between intake and discharge and the concentrations in serum of Mg, Ca and P, and the plasma level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) were compared between lactating ewes (L) and non-lactating ewes (NL) fed a control diet or a diet low in Mg and Ca (experimental diet). 1) L excreted more Mg (p<0.001) and less Ca in feces than NL when fed the control diet. They excreted more Mg (p<0.01) and more Ca (p<0.01) in feces than NL when fed the experimental diet. 2) L excreted Mg, Ca and P in milk at an almost constant level throughout the experimental period. 3) L excreted less Mg in urine than NL throughout the experimental period (p<0.01). The rate of Mg excreted in urine to Mg apparently absorbed was higher in L than in NL. 4) Body retention of Mg, Ca and P was less in L than in NL during the experimental period (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). 5) Concentration of Mg in serum was lower in L than in NL during the experimental period (p<0.001). 6) Concentration of PTH in plasma was lower in L than in NL. It scarcely changed during the experimental period. It rose undulatingly in NL when the experimental diet was given. 7) The increase of Ca absorption accompanied with that of lactation was suggested to cause the lowering of the concentration of PTH in plasma and suppress the availability of Mg in lactating animals. Hypomagnesemia was presumed to suppress the increase of the concentration of PTH in plasma.

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The chondrosarcoma occurred in a 10-year-old male Shepherd dog with a posterior paralysis was studied pathologically. The neoplastic tissue had developed from the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebra and extended into the spinal canal, where the neoplasm pressed and deformed the spinal cord. The tumor was egg-sized, and was covered with the perichondrium. The cut surface was bluish white and somewhat transparent and showed lobulated structure. The neoplastic tissue proliferated infiltratively into the thoracic vertebral arcus and body, besides, invaded into the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen. The spinal cord was pressed and was deformed crescent-shaped by the invading neoplastic tissue. The neoplastic parenchyma was composed of pale homogenous matrix and polymorphic atypical chondrocytes located in various-sized lacunae. The tumor cells had a round or elliptic large pale nucleus, or double or multiple large nucleus with clumps of chromatin. The proliferation of the neoplastic tissue pushed away the peri-muscular tissue and infiltrated into the bone tissue. The tumor was probably originated from the 11th thoracic vertebral costovertebral articulation. Further, multiple spondylosis deformans might cause to give the pressure onto the costovertebral articulation and it might relate to the genesis of the tumor. The chondrosarcoma which originates from vertebra is rare, so this report is considered an interesting case.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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