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Norio HIRAYAMA, Nobuyuki MINAMOTO, Kazuaki KURATA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
637-643
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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It was recognized that Vero cells which had once been used for a titration of canine distemper virus (CDV) had been contaminated with mycoplasmas. Then mycoplasmas were examined for effect on the growth of CDV in these cells. Mycoplasma orale was isolated from 2 of 4 sublines of Vero cells. It could replicate in Mycoplasma-free Vero cells without causing CPE. When these cells were infected with CDV at a low multi-plicity of infection (MOI), decreased yields (1 log) in Mycoplasma-infected cells were observed from 72 to 120 hours after virus inoculation. When MOI was high, the growth of virus was delayed in Mycoplasma-infected cells by about 24 hours. On the other hand, no significant difference was seen between CDV titers assayed in Mycoplasma-free and those assayed in Mycoplasma-infected Vero cells. These results suggest that M. orale used may have a low ability to inhibit the growth of CDV. A decreased yield was seen, irrespective of arginine concentration (0.5 and 0.1 mM) in the medium. When antiserum against M. orale was added to Mycoplasma-infected cultures, virus titers approximated the levels obtained in Mycoplasma-free cultures.
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Kenji OGATA, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Norio KUDO, Makoto SUGIMURA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
645-657
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The immune response was analysed immunohistochemically in the chicken spleen after intravenous injection of alum-aggregated bovine serum albumin (A-BSA). From about 12 hr after primary injection, anti-bursa serum (ABS) positive lymphoblasts were observed in the periellipsoidal lymphatic tissue (PEL). One day later, ABS-positive lymphoblasts were also observed in the periarterial lymphatic tissue (PAL) and perivenous lymphatic tissue (PVL). The lymphoblasts became to form cell clumps and formed the germinal center (GC), suggesting that ABS-positive lymphoblasts in PEL might be origin cells of GCs. Two types of GCs appeared in the spleen after antigen injections. Type I GCs with many antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs) were formed in the early stage after antigen injection, while type II GCs without antigen presenting DCs were formed in a later stage. The quantitative change of antibody producing cells (APCs) agreed with that of type I GCs but not that of type II GCs. Type II GCs were characterized by the antigen capture immediately after secondary injection, and by the appearance of many lymphocytes bearing anti-BSA antibody. The results suggested that type I and II GCs might have produced precursors of APCs and memory cells, respectively.
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Kinji SHIROTA, Shigeki YAMAMOTO, Kosaku FUJIWARA, Fumito OHASHI, Akira ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
659-665,668
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Interstitial nephritis was induced in 7 of 8 and 3 of 4 dogs by intravenous and renoarterial administration, respectively, with rabbit antiserum against canine renal tubular epithelium. The lesions consisted of tubular damage and focal monontlclcar cell infiltration in the cortical interstitium, varying in intensity among cases. No such inter-stitial lesions were detected in control animals receiving normal rabbit serum. Electron microscopy revealed infiltration of medium- and large-sized lymphoid cells, sometimes in close contact with the tubular basement membrane (TBM). There were, however, no immune of fluorescence for rabbit IgG or electron-dense deposits in TBM. In intravenously-treated cases, glomermar hypercellularity was also observed following the appearance of interstitial lesions, but it seemed to represent a reaction to neterologous serum injection.
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Toshiharu HAYASHI, Tokuma YANAI, Masato TSURUDOME, Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA, ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
669-673,676
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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After intracerebral inoculation feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus was propagated in suckling mouse brain with apparent clinical signs, and serial passage was successful. A total of 83 serum and ascites samples collected from cases which were diagnosed as FIP either clinically or pathologically, were examined for antibodies to FIP virus by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using infected suckling mouse brain sections. Seventy-seven of 83 (93%) samples were shown to have titers of 1:400 to 1:25, 600, while only 3 of 103 (3%) non-diseased cases and 4 of 71 (6%) cases with diseases other than FIP were positive at 1:400 or 1:1, 600. Some IF positive samples were examined for neutralizing ability against intracerebral virus pathogenicity for suckling mice, revealing that the IF antibody titers were almost in parallel to those of neutralizing antibody.
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Chitoshi ITAKURA, Yuriko HAKOTANI, Masatomo GOTO, Toshiyuki SAITO, Kaz ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
677-683,687
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Outbreaks of gizzard erosion occuried in many flocks of young broiler chickens in Japan in 1978 and 1979. The lesions were identical to those caused experimentally by a diet containing 15% mackerel fish meal which was heated at 140°C for three hours. As a result, it was postulated that the naturally occurring cases were due to certain fish meals in the diets fed. The gizzard of young broiler chickens affected naturally and experimentally with the disorder was histopathologically examined. The initial gizzard lesions were widening and loosening of the lining with swelling of the chief and surface cells. With time, alterations of the lining became predominant, showing a trellis-like appearance containing many desquamated surface cells. Later, erosion and ulcer occurred in the depths of the fold. In these changes an excess secretion of the gizzard glands was noticed for the histopathogenesis.
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Haeng Duk HAN
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
689-697
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The growth of Akabane virus was studied in cultures of Singh's Aedes albopictus cells, a mosquito cell line. Following a latent period of 6 to 7 hr, the virus multiplied exponentially and reached the maximum titer of about 10
7 PFU/ml 1 to 2 days after infection. The infection of Vero or HmLu-1 cells with Akabane virus caused marked CPE resulting in cytolysis, whereas in A. albopictus cells, no CPE was induced despite continuous release of infective virus for a long term. In A. albopictus cells, titers of extracellular virus were always shown to be 2 log-units higher than those of cell-associated virus. The virus growth in A. albopictus cell cultures was suppressed with anti-Akabane serum, and the virus produced was identified as Akabane virus by neutralization test. The infected cells were easily subcultured, and persistently infected cultures were established. Percentage of infected cells in the persistently infected cultures was very low, although progeny virus was released continuously. The virus from the persistently infected cultures seemed to retain such characteristics of the parent virus as antigenicity and pathogenicity. In plaque formation on Vero cells, however, the increase in proportion of smaller plaques was noted in the virus from the persistently infected cultures. Results obtained from the present work suggest that some species of mosquitoes might be a possible vector of Akabane virus.
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Shinobu YOSHIHARA, Noriyuki TAIRA, Kyo SUZUKI
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
699-705,707
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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By using agar gel diffusion reaction with antiserum against extracts from adult flukes of Fasciola sp., the nature of potential antigens was compared among the extracts from adult flukes, larvae of different ages (14 and 35 days old) and metacercariae of the parasite. Two precipitating line, "a" and "b", were observed between antiserum and each of extracts from adult and larval flukes of different ages. A precipitating line was observed with extracts from metacercariae. It was fused with line "a" obtained with the extracts from adult flukes and the antiserum. A similar experiment was carried out with the serum of a rabbit exposed to metacercariae. When the serum was allowed to react with extracts from adult and larval flukes of different ages, two precipitating lines appeared. One of these lines was fused with line "b" described above and the other was line "c" which was neither line "a" or "b". Two precipitating lines were also observed between the extracts from metacercariae and the same serum. One of these lines was line "d" detected only in metacercariae and the other was minor component differing from line "d" (line "e"). The indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was carried out to demonstrate the distribution of antigens in precipitating lines observed between Fasciola infected rabbit serum and extracts. The result indicated that antigen "b" in precipitating line "b" was distributed mainly in the gut cecum of the larval flukes and antigen "d" in the metacercariae. From the results of this investigation, it was suggested that antigen "c" might distribute in the cuticle and immediately subjacent cellular layer of the larval fluke and antigen "e" in the metacercarial outercyst.
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Toshiho NISHITA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
709-713
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Variation in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes of bovine fetal tissues and placentae during fetal development was described. LDH isozyme patterns were determined in the heart, liver, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, spleen, thyroid gland, thymus and placenta by thinlayer polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. All the samples examined had five forms of LDH isozymes. The LDH isozyme pattern changed progressively during fetal development, especially in the heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, thyroid gland and placenta. No significant changes in the LDH isozyme pattern were shown in the spleen, lung or thymus.
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Iwao TSUMURA, Hiroichi SASAKI, Saburo MINAMI, Mamoru HARADA, Yoshiharu ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
715-719,723
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Macroscopical and histological observations were performed on the umbilical blood vessels of 64 dairy cows in order to determine the mechanism of spontaneous dividing and arrest of hemorrhage at the time of parturition. The results obtained are as follows: The umbilical blood vessels of cows almost regularly broke in the invariable position of the umbilical ring. The ruptured end was invariably conical in shape for arteries and fusiform for veins. Moreover, the highly breakable structures of the internal and intermediate coasts of the umbilical blood vessels were limited to a small part of the ruptured end. There was an essential difference in the organization of muscle fibers in the intermediate coat between the umbilical blood vessels and the elastic fibers in the umbilical cord. That is to say, with the formation of mixed layers of circular and longitudinal muscle fibers, scanty layers were found sporadically on the side of the ruptured end and no layers formed in some parts. On the other hand, the mean and placental parts were supplied with complete layers and increased in width. Moreover, the elastic fibers of the circular muscle layer showed an elaborate construction in the mean and placental parts, while those of the ruptured end part indicated a rough distribution. The difference in of the organization of tissues was considered as an important factor which exerted influence on the breaking mechanism of the umbilical blood vessels.
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Suiho TOKASHIKI, Yoshitsugu KAWASHIMA, Norio KUDO, Yoshiharu HASHIMOTO ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
725-732
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Globule leucocytes (GL) appearing in the endometrium during pregnancy were investigated in Okinawa meat-type goats by light and electron microscopy. The results obtained are as follows. 1. GL were observed abundantly in the intercaruncular epithelium and scarcely in the neck portion of the uterine gland. There were no GL in the uterine epithelium of the placentomes. 2. In the intercaruncular epithelium, GL came out in the 9th week of pregnancy, increased in the 11th to 15th week, and then showed a tendency to decrease in the 18th week. In the diestrous phase and before the 7th week of pregnancy, no GL were found, but lymphocytes were observed in the uterine epithelium. 3. GL were 12-16μm in diameter and spherical or oval in shape, and occasionally possessed filopodia. They were found among the uterine epithelial cells. No junctional apparatus was found between GL and epithelial cells. The nucleus of GL was round and located eccentrically within the cytoplasm. Granules of GL were more than 1 μm in diameter and surrounded by a limiting membrane. The content of granules was homogeneous and electron dense, and occasionally showed a lattice or network. There were many flattened granular endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi complex, and a small number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of GL. Golgi vesicles often contained dense granules.
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Toshiroh IWASAKI
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
733-737,740
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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The secretory process in normal canine apocrine secretory cells were studied by electron microscope. The secretory process in canine apocrine secretory cells includes exocytosis (predominant in non-secretory stage), micro-apocrine (predominant in secretory stage) and macro-apocrine (rare in secretory stage) secretion form. Intracytoplasmic granules (dense granule) occur both in secretory and non-secretory stage. These acid-phosphatase, positive granules seem to be lysosomes developed from Golgi apparatus. Prosecretory granules that occur in human apocrine secretory cells are never recognized in canine apocrine secretory cells and any relationship is not found between dense granules and secretory vesicles in dogs. Secretory vesicles developed from Golgi apparatus, approach to the luminal plasma membrane and then are discharged into the lumen by exocytosis, micro-apocrine and macro-apocrine secretion.
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Akira YUASA, Takashi TAMURA, Hiroyuki MAEDA, Kunihiko SAMEJIMA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
741-748
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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PSE- and nonPSE porcine muscles were selected as the samples of this biochemical research, according to the characteristic pH values in carcasses of 60-90 minutes after slaughter. The activities of lysosomal enzymes and the nature of myofibrils from the muscles were investigated, and the following results were obtained. Between the PSE- and nonPSE samples, no significant differences were observed in specific activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucuronidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase of lysosomes. On the other hand, ATPases (EDTA-, Ca-, Mg-, and Mg·EGTA-) of myofibrils showed remarkably low activity values in PSE muscle. The heat-induced gel strength of myofibrils prepared from PSE muscle was lower than that of nonPSE muscle, both in the presence and absence of pyrophosphate. SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram of myofibrils from PSE muscle showed two additional bands to the gel from nonPSE muscle. From these results, it was suggested that the abnormal nature in PSE muscle is mainly due to the denaturation of myosin, and not due to the pathological factors concerning to the lysosomal enzymes.
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Yoichi OGHISO, Satoshi FUKUDA, Osamu MATSUOKA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
749-753
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Akio SHIGA, Masaaki KEINO, Osamu FUJIO
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
755-759
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Yasuji KATSUBE, Toshikatsu HAGIWARA, Keizo MASUDA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
761-762
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Toshikatsu HAGIWARA, Yasuji KATSUBE
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
763-765
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Yutaka NAKAI, Masanori KATSUNO, Keiji OGIMOTO, Kiyoshi TSUNODA, Shingo ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
767-769
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Kyosuke OZAWA, Hiroshi YOKOTA, Makoto KIMURA, Tomotari MITSUOKA
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
771-775
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Jyoji YAMATE, Naoaki GOTO, Akio SATO
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
777-779,781
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Tomio MATSUMURA, Hitoshi GOTO, Kiheiji SHIMIZU, Yasumasa ANDO, Hiroshi ...
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
783-786
Published: October 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Yutaka TANAKA, Yasuji KATSUBE
1981 Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages
787-789
Published: October 25, 1981
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