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Volume 74, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE (ENGLISH)
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Takanori Yamamoto, Kenichi Miyamoto, Yoshikazu Satoh2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn calm days throughout the growing season, much data on photosynthetic photon flux density at leaf surface (PPFD) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of individual ‘Napoleon’ cherry leaves were collected along with several meteorological elements. From these data, two multiple regression formulas were derived: one, to estimate PPFD using leaf and air temperatures as the explanatory variables, two, to estimate Pn using the two temperatures, PPFD, number of days after full bloom of experimental date and time difference between noon and experimental hour. Our system combined these formulas with the data derived from the thermal images of layers in the foliar canopy. The images were obtained from a portable, non-cooling thermographic equipment. By this procedure, the approximations of both PPFD and Pn of pixel unit were possible. By a note-type personal computer, calculations of the two values and displays of these distribution images on the screen were made quickly.View full abstractDownload PDF (2568K) -
Hirokazu Higuchi, Tetsuo Sakuratani2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 109-114
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe transpired mass flow of water from the inflorescence was monitored continuously and compared with the flow in the whole shoot attached to the inflorescence by the stem heat balance method. The transpiration was compared with the chamber method. The stem heat balance method is able to continuously measure the intact sap flow of water. Modified sap flow gauges were adapted to obtain precise measurements of minute fluctuations in the flow. The stem sap flow fluctuated with the solar radiation, reaching a maximum at midday. The flow was also affected by the saturation deficit. At midday, a sap flow rate was 60 g · h−1 at the shoot base (11.5 mm in diam.); the shoot subtended 55 leaves between the shoot base and the terminal inflorescence. At the peduncle of the inflorescence, the maximum sap flow rate occurred during the morning. Subsequently, the flow tended to decrease gradually and steadily, hardly affected by the solar radiation and the saturation deficit. An entire inflorescence with a peduncle diameter of 11.2 mm exhibited a maximum transpiration rate of 15 g · h−1 during late morning. The daily water consumption of the inflorescence was estimated to be 130 g, representing 22% of the water consumption by the entire shoot. The chamber method indicated similar results as the stem heat balance method.View full abstractDownload PDF (799K) -
Hisashi Yamada, Masashi Kamio, Shoji Amano2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 115-120
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the susceptibility to early or high temperature-induced watercore, seasonal changes in the incidence and intensity of watercore, ethylene evolution, and sorbitol content in 4 apple (Malus pumila Mill. var. domestica Schneid.) cultivars grown at Matsuyama were investigated. Mean air temperature was above 25°C from early July to mid-September. ‘Himekami’ and ‘Shinsekai’ apples started to develop watercore from mid- and early August, respectively, before the onset of ethylene production. The incidence and intensity of watercore in ‘Orin’ apples increased from mid-July to early September, followed by a decrease through late October, whereas no watercore was observed until early November in ‘Fuji’. In conclusion, ‘Himekami’ and ‘Shinsekai’ are regarded as moderately, and ‘Orin’ as highly susceptible to early or high temperature-induced watercore, whereas ‘Fuji’ is considered as being resistant. Significant correlations between sorbitol and early or high temperature-induced watercore were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (532K) -
O New Lee, Keisuke Nemoto, Nobuo Sugiyama2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 121-126
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in situ hybridization of using histone H4 gene was carried out to check whether the earliest event in the floral initiation of lettuce plants can be detected by the distribution patterns of cells in the shoot apices that express this particular gene. The histone H4 gene that was isolated from lettuce yielded an amino acid sequence that had more than 98% identity to those of known plant histone H4 genes. The vegetative lettuce shoot apices probed with this histone H4 gene exhibited a well-defined zonate structure; DNA replication, as marked by histone H4 gene expression, was most frequent at the periphery of the shoot apex (the “peripheral zone”), but seldom at the center of the shoot apex (the “central zone”). Thereafter, this zonate pattern changed dramatically; the apices became domed where the DNA replicating cells were distributed uniformly and more frequently associated with floral initiation. The results of this study reveal that in lettuce, (1) the cell cycle is dramatically accelerated in the central zone of a bud induced to flower. This phase is preceded in the apices before becoming dome-shaped in a few days; and (2) in situ patterns of histone H4 gene expression are excellent markers for floral initiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Ken-ichiro Yamashita, Hikaru Tsukazaki, Akio Kojima2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 127-133
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost of Chinese chive (Allium ramosum L.; A. tuberosum Rottl. ex Spr., synonym) cultivars are autotetraploid. Because they exhibit a high degree of apomixis, cross breeding of this crop has not been developed yet. In this study, we crossed an amphimictic diploid accession of Chinese chive, 94Mo49, with an accession of A. scabriscapum Bois. et Ky., RAR930068, a wild species, to investigate the possibility of using the wild species as a genetic resource for Chinese chive cross breeding. Pollen and seed fertility of the parental species and F1 hybrids (A. ramosum × A. scabriscapum) was investigated. Hybrid confirmation of reciprocal F1 hybrids was conducted by PCR analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). In fertility tests, both of A. ramosum and A. scabriscapum accessions showed high pollen fertility (> 94%), whereas the F1 hybrids showed pollen sterility. Although seed set percentages in reciprocal crossings were nearly equal, the germination rate of seeds from A. scabriscapum was much lower than that of seeds from A. ramosum. Although F1 hybrids exhibited low seed sets (< 10%), they could produce BC1 (F1 hybrids × A. ramosum) seeds with relatively high germination rates. In the analysis of ITS region of nrDNA, reciprocal F1 hybrids possessed both specific fragments from A. ramosum and A. scabriscapum, which confirmed their hybridity. Our results confirmed that A. scabriscapum was useful for Chinese chive breeding as a secondary gene pool.View full abstractDownload PDF (1555K) -
Masaharu Masuda, Naoki Hata, Francis Kweya Ombwara, Stephen Gaya Agong2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 134-138
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) seeds were scarified with an 18 N H2SO4 solution, then primed for one week at 10°C in PEG-6000, NaCl or natural sea water. Germination tests were carried out at 30°C, which is normally inhibitory for spinach seed germination. The germination rate of scarified seeds was higher than the untreated ones. Four successive use of the acid solution did not reduce its scarifying potential; the most suitable soaking time depended on seed size. When seeds were dehydrated and stored for 10 months after scarification and NaCl priming, more than 80% germinated at 30°C. Sea water, which is also effective as a priming agent, could replace either PEG-6000 or NaCl. The priming method developed in this study may be useful especially at high temperatures in summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (479K) -
Hataitip Nimitkeatkai, Motoaki Doi, Yuko Sugihara, Katsuhiko Inamoto, ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 139-143
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristics of unpleasant odor emitted by inflorescences of four gypsophila cultivars (Gypsophila elegans Bied. ‘Covent Garden Market’ and G. paniculata L. ‘Bristol Fairy’, ‘Golan’ and ‘Yukinko’) were investigated by headspace adsorption/gas chromatographic (HA/GC) analysis. The major volatile compounds emitted from ‘Bristol Fairy’ inflorescences were ocimene, 3-methylbutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, ethanol and n-hexanol. Of these volatile compounds, the two methylbutyric acids were identified as the compounds that characterize the unpleasant odor of gypsophila inflorescences. The composition of volatiles varied among cultivars; ocimene was the most abundant and common constituent detected in all gypsophila cultivars. Methylbutyric acids was the highest in ‘Bristol Fairy’ and ‘Golan’ followed by ‘Yukinko’; they were undetectable in non-scented ‘Covent Garden Market’. Methylbutyric acids were not detected in the volatiles emitted from ‘Bristol Fairy’ inflorescences at the bud stage; the emissions increased gradually with bud opening and reached the highest level at the full open stage on day 4.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Chengshu Zheng, Shinya Oba, Shuichiro Matsui, Tetsuo Hara2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 144-149
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) treatments on growth, nutrient contents, ethylene evolution, and gibberellin (GA) content of Dendranthema grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam. were investigated. Treatments were as follows (per pot): 0.0 g Ca or Mg (Control), 0.2 g Ca, 0.5 g Ca, 0.2 g Ca+0.2 g Mg, 0.5 g Ca+0.2 g Mg, and 0.2 g Mg. Plant height increased significantly in 0.5 g Ca and 0.5 g Ca+0.2 g Mg treatments but not in other treatments. Shoot dry weight increased in all the treatments except in 0.2 g Mg treatment compared with the control. N content decreased in Ca+Mg and Mg treatments, whereas K content increased in all treatments compared with the control. Ca content increased in 0.2 g Ca and 0.5 g Ca treatments but decreased in 0.2 g Mg treatment; Mg content increased in Ca+Mg and Mg treatments. All treatments reduced ethylene evolution rate faster than the control for 10 days. Total GA-like substances increased in plant treated with 0.5 g Ca+0.2 g Mg. GA-like substances were found in the HPLC fractions 3, 7, 8, and 12 in control plants. GA1- and GA3-like substance contents did not change in 0.2 g Ca, 0.5 g Ca or 0.2 g Mg treated plants but decreased in Ca+Mg treated plants compared with the control. Thus, Ca and Mg treatments affect not only the growth of chrysanthemum plants and nutrient contents but also GA activities and ethylene evolution.View full abstractDownload PDF (503K) -
Naoki Sakurai, Shin-ichiro Iwatani, Shoji Terasaki, Ryoichi Yamamoto2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 150-158
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe texture of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. ‘Fuyu’), stored under 40, 60, and 100% relative humidity (RH), was evaluated by an acoustic measurement of crispness (AMC), a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), and human sensory test. An AMC probe with conical tip to which a piezoelectric film attached to its proximal end is inserted into mesocarp tissue and the acoustic vibration up to 10 kHz recorded. The signal is transformed to a frequency spectrum by a fast Fourier transformation. Texture parameter, “Sharpness index”, of a persimmon fruit is calculated by summation of signal intensities over the spectrum of AMC data; the high frequency intensities are enhanced to compensate for the limited human hearing capacity. “Sharpness index” significantly correlated with three sensory variables, smoothness, hardness, and crispness, for fruits kept at 100% RH condition. When partial least square (PLS) method was applied to AMC spectrum data to simulate the sensory variables, the spectrum data could relate to the three sensory variables under 60 and 100% RH, but not under 40% RH. Furthermore, PLS analysis of LDV spectrum data of a non-destructive method that evaluates hardness of persimmon fruit also correlated significantly to the three sensory variables in the 60 and 100% RH treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K) -
Qiao-Lin Zheng, Akira Nakatsuka, Hiroyuki Itamura2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 159-166
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (EC 4.4.1.14) and ACC oxidase (EC 1.4.3) were extracted from wounded tissue of mature ‘Saijo’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruit by using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) acetone method and characterized. The optimum pH, concentration of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) for maximum ACC synthase activity, the Km for S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), and the half-life in the presence of AdoMet for persimmon ACC synthase were 8.5, 5μM, 10μM, and 21 min, respectively, whereas, the optimum pH for ACC oxidase was 7.2, the apparent Kms for the substrate ACC and cofactor Fe2+ were 114μM and 4μM, respectively. The concentration of cofactor HCO3− for maximum activity was approximately 40 mM. The activity of ACC oxidase decreased in a nonlinear manner during in vitro incubation, with a half-life of about 9 min; its activity was inhibited by various divalent cations, such as Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K)
SHORT COMMUNICATION (ENGLISH)
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Xin-Xian Li, Junichi Yasukawa, Yasuyoshi Hayata2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 167-169
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of pollination and 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) treatments at anthesis on endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and its influence on fruit set and drop in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Beruna’) fruit were investigated. Pollination and CPPU treatments at anthesis increased the length and fresh weight of zucchini fruit rapidly. CPPU-treated fruit grew faster than did hand-pollinated ones, non-pollinated pistils without CPPU treatment failed to grow during the 7 days after anthesis (DAA). IAA level in the mesocarp of CPPU-treated fruit rapidly increased from 1 to 2 DAA, whereas hand-pollinated fruit increased from 2 to 3 DAA; it subsequently decreased in both treatments. IAA in the placenta set by pollination and/or treated with CPPU reached the highest level 2 DAA. In the non-pollinated control ovary, IAA level fluctuated at low levels. These results indicate that endogenous IAA might be closely related to the fruit set and growth in zucchini.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE (JAPANESE)
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Takashi Nobuoka, Toshi Nishimoto, Kimie Toi2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 170-175
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the wind under conditions of high light intensity and high relative humidity on the take and growth of grafted tomato scions were investigated. Wind promoted dry matter production and accelerated the healing of the graft union under high light intensity and high relative humidity. Humidity widened the stomatal apertures under high light intensity without increasing the transpiration rate. Therefore, the promotion of graft-take was considered to be a result of increased photosynthetic rate, induced by increasing the stomatal conductance that was hastened by wind, high light intensity and high relative humidity. We also verified the effectiveness of a fabricated healing-acclimatization apparatus for making high quality grafted seedlings. A characteristic of this apparatus is to circulate the humidified air through the internal parts of the healing-acclimatization room with blowers. The graft unions knitted well under constant high light intensity during the healing and acclimatization period, so that the growth of seedlings was consequently promoted in this apparatus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K)
SHORT COMMUNICATION (JAPANESE)
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Kazuo Yoneda, Teruhiko Komori, Kouji Chino, Ayako Gomi, Yuko Komaki2005 Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 176-178
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA leaf on a lead or the mother Cymbidium (mericlone of Cymbidium Walu ‘Green Heart’) plant was administered 13C. Subsequently, the export or translocation and partitioning of 13C-photosynthates from those leaves to the other organs on the same plant were examined. When 13C were applied to a leaf of one of two leads, virtually 13C-photosynthates translocation to the mother plant began on the 9th day, reaching the maximum rate on the 12th day. However, on the 12th day, 51.2% of the photosynthate still remained in the treated leaf, whereas 14.2% was partitioned to the roots of mother plant and 19.4% to the leaves of other lead. When 13C was administered to a leaf on a mother plant, a high concentration of 13C appeared in the psudobulbs of the lead and in roots of the mother plant. The partitioning pattern of 13C were: 13C-fed leaf, 16.3%; mother plant pseudobulb, 4.1%, mother plant roots, 42.2% (making a total of 62.6% to the mother plant); lead leaves, 34.2%; and lead pseudobulbs, 3.2%.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K)
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