The aim of the experiments described in this paper was to obtain quantitative data relating the behaviour of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) when it is applied in aqueous solution to the surface of the leaf of Satsuma orange (Citrus unshiu MAR. : Miyagawa-wase).
By using NAA, labelled with ¹⁴C in the carboxyl group, the penetration of this compound into the leaf, its translocation from the leaf to the bearring shoot, and its metabolism within the tree were studied.
1-naphthylacetic acid (carboxyl ¹⁴C labelled) used throughout these investigations was obtained from the Radiochemical Centre (Amersham) and had a specific activity of 50mCi/mM.
The results obtained were summarized as follows;
Residul percentage of ¹⁴C carboxyl-labelled NAA on the surface of Satsuma orange leaf, after dipping the whole first leaf from the top into ¹⁴C carboxyl-labelled NAA solution for 30 seconds was decreased with time as follows; 71%, 64%, 54% and 46% remained after 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours, respectively (Table 1).
Absorption percentage of NAA in the Satsuma orange leaf by ¹⁴C carboxyl-labelled NAA application was measured; 7.6%, 14.6%, 53.5%, 54.5% and 43.6% of the ¹⁴C were found within the leaves after 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours, respectively.
It is interesting that the period of the maximum radioactivity on the surface of leaf was found to be during 4-8 hours after NAA application as in the practical use.
Translocation of NAA from the treated first leaf to the second leaf, bearing shoot and fruit after 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours was; 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.7%, 0.5% and 0.3% of ¹⁴C recovered within the second leaf, 0.2%, 1.0%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.6% of ¹⁴C within the bearing shoot, 3.1%, 15.1%, 7.2%, 5.2 % and 2.7% of ¹⁴C within the fruit, respectively.
Five days after dropping of ¹⁴C labelled 1-naphthylacetic acid solution on the upper surface of Satsuma orange leaf, it was observed by radioautography that ¹⁴C was distributed in the veins of a whole leaf.

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Leaf burn of pear trees is prevalent in summer, especially on Bartlett variety. It seems that more susceptible leaves to the burn are on the spurs and on the lower part of the shoots. There are various types in the leaf burn such as partial burn, unilateral burn, marginal burn and whole burn. ′Whole burn leaves abscise shortly after the symptom occurs.
The leaves lose firstly their brightness and transparency, soon after they turn to brown and curl upward along the midrib, and finally they dry out. Internal symptoms may begin with a separation of Protoplasm from cell wall in the mesophyll. Then the cell wall wrinkles, and finally the cells contract and collapse extremely. These symptoms may advance within a few hours.
It may be generally said that weather conditions which increase the percentage of burnt leaves are high air temperature, low relative humidity and heavy evaporation. When a period of wet weather followed by bright sunshine, the heavy burning is brought about. The time for burning within a day, is around 1-2pm when the air temperature goes up to maximum and the relative humidity gets down to minimum.

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Stem pieces 1.0cm long from the internode of the 1st stem of asparagus seedlings were cultured aseptically on MURASHIGE and SKOOG medium to which auxin (NAA or 2, 4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) were added. The cultures were kept in the culture room at 25°C, either in complete darkness or under artificial illumination (40-watt daylight fluorescent Hitachi lamp, 4, 000lux) for 16 hours out of 24 hours. The experimental results are summarized as follows:
1. Good callus growth was obtained on a medium containing both NAA and BA or NAA alone. The optimum concentration of NAA for callus growth shifted, depending upon the presence or absence of BA in the medium. Namely, in the case of absence of BA, callus growth was best at 0.1mg/l of NAA; but when concentrations of BA were 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/l, the best callus growth was observed at 1.0mg/l NAA.
2. In media containing 0 or 0.1mg/l BA and 0.1 or 1.0mg/l NAA, root formation was promoted. When BA was omitted from the medium, the percentage of rooting was highest at 0.1mg/l NAA; when 0.1mg/l BA was added, the best root formation occurred at 1.0mg/l NAA.
3. Vegetative bud and subsequent shoot development occurred well in media containing 0.1 or 1.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 or 1.0mg/l NAA in dark conditions, but 0.1-10.0mg/l BA and 0.1 or 1.0mg/l NAA under light conditions. The optimum concentration of NAA was found to be 1.0mg/l independent of level of BA.
4. These experiments showed that NAA was more effective than 2, 4-D in inducing roots and shoots from callus tissue.
5. Completely normal plants were obtained from callus cultured in a medium containing BA and auxin. The highest yield of plantlets occurred in a medium having 0.1mg/l BA and 1.0mg/l NAA.
6. Differences of the growth of callus and organ formation between observations under light and in the dark were not noticeable, except in the case of shoot development at 10mg/l BA as mentioned above.

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In the previous paper, it was shown that the growth of the flowers of the tomato plants exposed to 8-9°C were invigorated and the locule numbers increased. The fasciated flower formation in such case may be reasonably assumed to be due to the surplus nutrient supply to the young flower bud just at the pre- or post- differentiation stage.
In this paper, the relationship of the nutrient supply for the tomato plant to the fasciated flower development are reported.
The tomato plants were allowed to receive full sunlight or reduced light with cheese cloth. The flowers of the plants grown under low light intensities showed no sign of invigorated growth even after exposure to low temperature of sufficient duration.
Mineral nutrient supply, especially nitrogen, for the tomato plants were changed. The flowers of the plants, poorly manured, showed only slight sign of growth promotion in response to the low temperature exposure.
The tomato plants were covered with cheese cloth during the period of the low temperature exposure. In contrast to the flowers of the plants grown under full sun light conditions, the flowers of the plants grown under shade conditions showed only slight sign of invigorated growth.
These results show that the promotion of the flower growth is due to the supply of the nutrient from the reserve of the whole tomato plant, as a result of restriction of vegetative growth by low temperature exposure. Without the enough nutrient supply, there occurs no growth promotion in response to the low temperature exposure. The fasciated flower development due to the low temperature exposure may be attributed to the surplus nutrient supply to the young flower buds just beginning growth.

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Fruiting behavior of sweet peppers (var. Miekairyo and Sakigake-midori) was investigated under greenhouse conditions using sand culture technique.
At the same time the effect of heavy nitrogen application and low light intensity on the fruiting behavior was evaluated.
1. With an increase in the number of flowers a rapid increase in the bearing number of fruits was found, but subsequent flowering was arrested showing the lowest number of flowers at about the time of the highest number of bearing fruits.
2. Both in autumn and spring crops a rapid increase in the bearing number of fruits to a peak value occured about one month after the commencing of the fruit setting. This was followed by a decline, reaching the lowest value one month after a peak value. Then the second increase was induced again.
3. As the number of bearing fruits increased, the percentage of fruit setting rapidly decreased and reached the lowest value at the time of the peak value of bearing fruits. And then fruit setting increased again with a decrease in the bearing fruits.
4. Thus it was clearly found that cyclic fruiting occurred on alternate months.
5. From the data it appears that fruit setting is affected by internal factors than by daily weather conditions.
The percentage of fruit setting on main stem was fairly constant showing about 80 percent, while that of lateral branches showed 30 percent on the average, but the fruit setting varied in the range of 10 percent at the time of the peak value of bearing fruits to almost 100 percent at the time of the lowest value.
6. Flowering was considerably inhibited by rainy or cloudy days. However, in spite of successive bad weather conditions flower buds eventually opened.
7. It was clearly shown that fruit development was affected by night temperature than by day temperature. The higher the night temperature in the range of 22 to 16°C, the more rapid the fruit develops.
8. Heavy nitrogen application or low light intensity did not induce a change in cyclic fruit rhythm, but induced low peaks and deep valley compared with plants grown under high light intensity and medium nitrogen application. Apparently low light intensity gave greater changes in the percentage of fruit setting than heavy nitrogen applications.

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In western Shizuoka Prefecture greenhouse-grown muskmelons often develop yellow leaf chlorosis, interveinal necrosis and brownish spots on the stems, petioles and veins. Symptoms frequently occur after the application of“minelite”to soil beds or after steam sterilization of greenhouse soils. To identify the cause of this disorder analyses were made on plant tissues and soil samples taken from greenhouses where injured plants were found and from greenhouses where no injured plants were found. With the exception of Mn, there were no significant differences in the levels of macro and main minor elements in leaves of injured or healthy plants. However, MnO concentrations in various parts of plants with typical symptoms were markedly higher than in healthy plants. In addition, available Mn concentrations were markedly higher in soils where injured plants were found than in soils where only healthy plants were found.
An experiment was conducted with a soil having a high level of Mn to determine the effect of steaming at various temperatures on changes in the availability of Mn. Concentrations of available Mn were markedly increased by steaming at high temperature.
The results of this study and the answers received to a questionnaire for growers suggest that the growth injury described here is caused by Mn excess brought about by the application of certain Mn containing fertilizers.

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This study was undertaken to elucidate the photosynthetic activity, carbohydrate metabolism, translocation of assimilates and mineral nutrient uptake in young tomato plants at very low carbon dioxide concentrations.
Radioisotopes of ¹⁴CO₂, H₃³²PO₄ and ⁸⁶RbCl were used as tracers under controlled conditions. Photosynthetic rates were also measured with gas exchange method by means of assimilation chambers and an infrared gas analyser.
Photosynthetic rate of tomato leaf was linearly proportional to the CO₂ concentration within the range from 70 to 300ppm CO₂ at three light intensities of 0.07, 0.16 and 0.53 cal•cm^-2•min^-1. In an atmosphere containing 80ppm CO₂, total activity of ¹⁴C fixed into the plants dropped to 35 per cent of the normal, and at the same time significant decrease was observed in the translocation of ¹⁴C-assimilates from the leaves to the roots.
Fairly good amount of ¹⁴C-compounds, fixed in the evening and remained in the leaf till next morning, was translocated into the roots under normal photosynthetic conditions. In a CO₂-deficient atmosphere, however, a downward translocation of ¹⁴C-compounds was slightly restricted and respiratory losses of ¹⁴C-compounds were considerably increased in the leaf.
Tomato plants placed in an atmosphere containing 60ppm CO₂ for 2 hours had lower level of carbohydrates in the leaf and root.
A remarkable increase in ³²P uptake was found at very low CO₂ concentration in the tomato plants which had been illuminated for 6 hours before ³²P-treatment. In contrast, the CO₂ depletion caused marked decrease in the ³²P uptake for the unlighted plants.
The uptake of ⁸⁶Rb was considerably restricted at low CO₂ concentration both in the lighted and unlighted plants. The absorption and accumulation of rubidium were highly dependent on the photosynthetic activity in the tomato plants.
From these results, the relationship between the translocation of assimilates and the uptake of mineral nutrients was discussed from physiological point of view.

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After-effect of low-CO₂ experience upon the growth and physiology for tomato and cucumber plants was examined by means of isotopic tracers under controlled conditions.
The fixation of ¹⁴CO₂ at normal CO₂ concentration, was decreased slightly in the tomato plants which had been kept for 2 hours in an atmosphere containing 80ppm CO₂. Such an after-effect of low-CO₂ experience for tomato could be brought out only when the plants had been placed under conditions of low CO₂ concentration and a certain degree of light intensity. On the other hand, cucumber plants had no after-effect of low-CO₂ experience, although total activity of ¹⁴C fixed into the plants was clearly decreased at very low CO₂ concentration.
A downward translocation of ¹⁴C-assimilates to the roots was restricted more significantly in cucumber than that in tomato at 80ppm CO₂ in the light. A considerable restriction for translocation of assimilates from leaves into the roots was observed in cucumber plant during normal photosynthesis in the light.
CO₂ compensation concentration which is reached in a closed system containing the plants at 20, 000 lux was 38±2ppm CO₂ for tomato and 65±4ppm CO₂ for cucumber. The amounts of CO₂ evoluted into CO₂-free air through the respiration were also higher in cucumber.
Tomato plants which had been kept at 80ppm CO₂ for 2 hours had lower value of respiratory activity in the roots. In addition, low-CO₂ experience caused a considerable decrease in the uptake of phosphorus through the tomato roots.
Tomato plants placed in an atmosphere containing 80ppm CO₂ for 1 hour in every morning during 2 weeks resulted in the marked decrease in dry weight of root, and considerable decrease in net assimilation rate.

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Fourteen species of vegetable crops were grown in solution culture with addition of zinc, in order to investigate the symptom of zinc toxicity and relative tolerance of vegetable species to zinc. HOAGLAND's No. 1 solution was used as the basic nutrient solution. The concentrations of zinc supplied were 0.05 (control), 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30ppm. All of the solutions were adjusted to pH 6. The plants were grown under differential treatment for four weeks.
1. With the increasing concentration of zinc in the nutrient solution, the plant growth was generally inhibited. In the 30ppm zinc treatment, most vegetable crops showed especially poor growth accompanied with chlorosis resembling iron deficiency.
2. The relative tolerance of vegetable crops to zinc was evaluated according to the concentration of zinc in the nutrient solution corresponding to a 50 per cent reduction in dry weight of tops. Welsh onion did not show the 50 per cent yield reduction even in the highest zinc treatment. In Japanese hornwort, carrot, and celery the 50 per cent yield reduction was observed between the 10 and 30ppm zinc treatments, and in several crops including fruit vegetables, Cruciferous vegetables, and lettuce between the 3 and 10ppm zinc treatments. Spinach was estimated to be most susceptible, which showed the 50 per cent yield reduction between the 1 and 3 ppm zinc treatments.
3. In most crops, the concentration of zinc in leaves of control plants was less than 100ppm in dry matter and increased with the increasing supply of zinc in the nutrient solution. There was no evident relation between the zinc accumulating capacity in leaves and the relative tolerance of vegetable crops to zinc. The accumulation of zinc in roots was generally higher than that in leaves. The concentration of zinc in leaves associated with the 50 per cent reduction of dry weight yield was generally higher in the tolerant crops than in the susceptible crops.
4. The concentration of iron in leaves was not so markedly influenced by the zinc treatments. The concentration of manganese in leaves increased with the increasing supply of zinc up to the 3 or 10 ppm zinc treatment, and then markedly decreased.
5. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium or magnesium in leaves was not related to the growth inhibition by the excess zinc supply.

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Twelve species of vegetable crops were grown in solution culture with varying nitrite and pH levels. Nitrate and nitrite of sodium were used as the nitrogen sources. Nitrite was supplied at rates of 0, 4, 8, or 12me/l, with the total nitrogen concentration being held constant at 12me/l. At each nitrite level the pH of the solution was adjusted to three levels, 5, 6, or 7. The plants were grown under differential treatment for four weeks.
1. The nitrite toxicity was increased by low pH level. At pH 5 plants supplied with nitrite showed root browning, leaf wilting, dark green leaves, and stunted growth with increasing severity as the nitrite concentration was increased. In some species nitrite at pH 5 also produced leaf-burn, chlorosis, or flecks on leaves. At pH 6 or 7 nitrite was less injurious than at pH 5, but iron deficiency chlorosis was caused by nitrite in some species including tomato and pepper. The more the pH decreased, the more the nitrite treatment killed plants.
2. The growth inhibition by nitrite was more marked at lower pH levels. The relative tolerance of vegetable crops to nitrite was evaluated on the basis of relative dry weight yield as affected by nitrite at the three pH levels and was found to be in the following order : cabbage>cucumber>Japanese hornwort>egg plant>celery>welsh onion>carrot >lettuce>tomato>spinach>pepper>bean. The nitrite tolerance varied greatly with the species.
3. The effect of nitrite treatment on the concentration of total nitrogen in leaves varied with the crop species. Nitrate nitrogen in leaves apparently decreased with the decreasing supply of nitrate in the nutrient solution. The nitrite treatment mostly reduced the concentration of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in leaves. The effect of nitrite on the concentration of heavy metal elements, Fe, Mn, and Zn in leaves was variable with the crop species.

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1. French marigold, cultivar Butter Ball produced no flowers under long day (continuous illumination or 18 hours) conditions at 30°C, but did produce a high percentage of flowering under short day (10h) conditions at the same temperature. However, there was a slight difference in the flowering percentages between the long day and the short day lots at 20°C. Combinations of day length and temperature caused no marked differences in flowering of African marigold.
2. Under conditions where the light intensity was reduced to below about 50% of full sun light, anthesis did not occur in the long day (16h) lot, while normal flowers developed in the short day (10h) lot. Natually, the more the light was reduced the fewer flowers were produced.
3. Gibberellic acid slightly enhanced flowering of French marigold, while TIBA had no influence.

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This study was carried out to determine the effects of N, P and K on the growth and flowering of salvia, French marigold, celosia, China aster, coleus, zinnia, petunia and pansy cultivars grown for bedding.
The experimental plots consisted of: (1) Plots lacking either one or all of the 3 nutrient elements, (2) standard amounts of all the 3 nutrient elements, (3) double amounts of either one or all of the 3 nutrient elements, (4) four-fold amounts of standard level, and (5) half-amounts of standard level. The plants were grown in clay pots filled with clayish soil. The results obtained in this study are as follows:
1. In salvia, total fresh weight of leaf-stem and bud-flower parts was increased by increasing P application and the effect of N and K on the growth and flowering was not conspicuous in this nutritional treatment levels.
2. French marigold was responsive to increasing N and P levels in respect to the total fresh weight. However, the effect of K was not conspicuous.
3. Celosia was more responsive to K than N and P. The flower head (crest) size was the smallest in K-lacking plot.
4. In China aster, as N and P levels were increased, increase in the total fresh weight of leaf-stem and bud-flower parts was observed. However, the plant response to K was not conspicuous.
5. Growth and flowering of zinnia and coleus were apparently affected by N and P fertilization. The leaves of coleus receiving higher amount of N showed bright colour, but the leaf colour of plants in the plot which was supplied an excess of K (2K) were dull coloured.
6. Although the response of petunia to P and K was not conspicuous, the vegetative growth became vigorous and number of flowers increased by increasing N level.
7. Effects of N and P on the growth and flowering of pansy was apparent in this study, but there was no response to K.
From the above results, the patterns of growth and flowering response to N, P and K in the bedding plants may be classified into 4 groups as follows: N-, P-, K-, and N-P-types.
N-type is a group of plants responsive to N, i. e. petunia.
P-type is a group sensitive to the P, i. e. salvia, China aster. Plants belonging to K-type are more affected by K fertilization than N and P, i. e. celosia. French marigold, coleus, zinnia and pansy belong to N-P-type, which are responsive to both N and P.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) were extracted from seeds of pepper fruits stored at 6°C or 20°C. PAL activity in cold storage increased rapidly to reach a maximum after 2 days, then decreased sharply. TAL activity was fairly lower in comparison with PAL. The ratio of PAL/TAL also reached a maximum after 2 days when pepper fruits were stored at low temperature. The browning of pepper seeds occurring in low temperature storage may be explained by enhanced PAL activity.

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The factorial experiment were carried out to clarify the effects of oxygen concentrations on the white peach“Okubo”fruits and to determine the optimum oxygen concentrations in CA storage. The fruits were stored in nitrogen atmospheres with 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 21% oxygen at 4°C and 20°C, for 3 weeks and 10 days respectively. After 4°C storage, some of the sampled fruits were ripened at 20°C in air for 3 days. Experiments were made for two times at both temperatures. Carbon dioxide was excluded in all treatments. In the first time, material fruits required 3-4 days to ripen in air at 20°C and in the second time, 5-6 days in the experiment at 20°C and 4-5 days in the experiment at 4°C.
1. At 20°C, softening and occurrence of brown rot were retarded at 0 and 1% O₂, and yellowing of the ground color, peeling index change, at 0, 1 and 3% O₂. In the more ripened materials, retardations were unclear. The critical oxygen levels for the CO₂ evolution rate were 1, 3, 5% O₂. No distinct differences were found in the titratable acidity and soluble solids contents among O₂ treatments. Correlations were found between the flesh firmness and peeling index change.
2. During the storage at 4°C, softening was retarded at 0 and 1%, peeling index change at 0%, and yellowing of the ground color at 0, 1 and 3%, O₂. In the less ripened materials, no peeling index change was found in each treatment. The titratable acidity decreased after 3 weeks in storage and its decrease was retarded only at the 0%. The critical oxygen levels for CO₂ evolution rate were 1 and 3% O₂, however, in the more ripened materials, it was not so clear. After 3 weeks storage at 4°C, low temperature injuries, such as mealiness, grayish brown flesh, peeling injury and skin crack were occurred except at 0%.
3. During ripening treatment after removal from 4°C storage, softening, yellowing of the ground color and decreasing of the acidity were retarded in the fruits previously stored at 0% O₂, and peeling index change was retarded at the lower oxygen levels. Peeling injury and flat flavor were developed during the ripening after 2 weeks storage except at 0%.
4. The fermented flavor was found at 0 and 1% in the both temperatures, and at 20°C, the stone changes brown and the flesh around the stone was watery translucent, and adhered to the stone. High ethanol contents were found in the fruits with the fermented flavor.
5. At 4°C, no distinct differences in storage quality were found among 3-21% O₂, and below 3% O₂, low oxygen injuries occurred. The optimum oxygen levels for the storage were not found. The maximum storage period, about 10 days, were limited by the low temperature injuries.

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Previous report revealed that effects of oxygen levels on white peach“Okubo”fruits and the development of low temperature injuries were influenced by the fruit maturity. To clarify these effects in relation to the maturity, fruits were stored in nitrogen atmosphere with 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 21% oxygen at 20°C, and with 1, 3 and 21% at 4°C.
Before 4°C storage, some of the fruits were stored for 3 days in air at 4°C (immediate storage), and another were ripened for 3 days in air at 20°C, (delayed storage). After immediate storage, some of the sampled fruits were ripened at 20°C in air for 2 days. Carbon dioxide was excluded in all treatments. Material fruits required 2-3 days to ripen in air at 20°C.
1. At 20°C, softening was retarded only at 0% O₂ and peeling index change at 0, 1, 3 and 5% O₂. The critical oxygen levels for the CO₂ evolution rates were 1, 3 and 5% O₂. The flat flavor was developed at 10 and 21% O₂. No distinct differences were found in the titratable acidity and soluble solids contents among O₂ treatments.
The fermented flavor was developed at 0 and 1% O₂ and in some of the sampled fruits, at 3 and 5% O₂. High ethanol contents were found in the fruits with the fermented flavor. The brown pit was found at 0% O₂.
The ripening was retarded below 5% O₂, but the low oxygen injuries developed below 5% O₂. After 4 days at 20°C, the best quality was found in the fruits at 3, 5% O₂ without injuries.
2. During the storage at 4°C, softening and peeling index change were not retarded at every O₂ level both in the immediate storage and in the delayed storage. The CO₂ evolution rate was retarded at 1% O₂ in both storage and the rate in the delayed storage was higher than in the immediate storage at every O₂ level. Low temperature injuries were found after 15 days and 20 days in the immediate storage and the delayed storage, respectively. The incidence of low temperature injuries were not retarded at low oxygen levels.
During the 4°C storage, some of the fruits at 1% O₂ developed the fermented flavor and the development was faster in the delayed storage than in the immediate storage.
3. During ripening treatment after removal from the 4°C storage, the residual retardation effects due to the low oxygen levels were not found in softening and peeling index change.
4. At 4°C storage, no distinct differences in storage quality were found between 3 and 21% O₂, and below 1% O₂, the fermented flavor developed. At 4°C storage, the merits of the low oxygen levels in CA storage were not found. In case of the more ripened materials, the delayed storage seemed not to retard the low temperature injuries. More experiments must be followed at the lower temperatures.

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To keep the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables by refrigeration above freezing temperature, it would be ideal that the products are chilled immediately after harvest and held at constant optimum temperature throughout transportation, storage, and distribution. Complete equipment of such system, however, would not be practical economically. Our studies were designed to investigate the time-temperature tolerance of various fruits and vegetables to provide information enabling to settle allowable deviation from“ideal”conditions. This paper reports the results with strawberries, broad beans, peas, asparagus, and sweet cherries. Materials were packaged with polyethylene film bag, not hermetically, and treated at 1°, 6°, and 20°C.
1. To keep freshness of strawberries, strictly low temperature was required from the harvest day through whole distribution processes simulated, and the difference of effect between 1°and 6°C was distinctive. Only one day application of 6°C which simulates precooling or transportation periods resulted in obvious hastening of deterioration in comparison with steady 1°C.
2. With broad beans and peas, strictly low temperature was necessary to keep taste and sugar contents, and the quality loss was considerably rapid even at 6°C.
3. On the deterioration rate of asparagus spears, a little difference was found between 1°and 6°C of storage temperatures. Delaying of cooling and temporary rising of temperature during storage did not influence so much.
4. The freshness of stems of sweet cherries deteriorated rapidly at 20°C, but a little difference was found between 1°and 6°C, and delayed cooling did not show much influence. With sweet cherry fruits, chilling injury was observed at 1°and 6°C, then the shelf lives became in the order as 6°, 1°, and 20°C, but the difference among them was comparatively small.
5. In order to investigate the effect of fluctuation of storage temperature, 1°C-stored strawberries, peas, and sweet cherries were transferred to 6°C for 2, 4, or 8 hours then returned to 1°C every day. The quality of the commodities subjected to fluctuating temperature was evaluated between steady 1°and steady 6°C, and the longer duration of transferring to 6°C was the faster quality deteriorated. Thus it seemes that fluctuation of temperature does not cause any stimulative effect on the quality.

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