[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Japanese grape growers devide the grape canes morphologically into two types; Karizuru and Dobuzuru. The karizuru is cylindrical, shallow trenched on canaliculated side, high noded with large buds leaves and tendrils, somewhat distinctly zigzag shaped, clearly striped, deeply colored, smooth with much bloom and hard in texture. The dobuzuru on the contrary is flattish, deep trenched on canaliculated side, low noded with comparatively small leaves, straight shaped, vaugely striped, of rough surface, palely colored without any bloom, soft in texture and possessing very small and slender tendrils. With the vinifera of weak productivity the dobuzuru produces little or no crop. Sultanina and Monukka in Japan produce easily this type of cane. Chemical analysis showed that in the dobuzuru at the begining of its maturity 9.6% easily hydrolizable carbohydrate and 0.7% total nitrogen were found while in the karizuru 12% easily hydrolizable carbohydrate and 0.9% total nitrogen. With Bellino karizuru produced 86% fruitful bud, however, dobuzuru gave 16% only. With Sultanina the tendency is more remarkable; zero percent on the dobuzuru and 5% on the karizuru. Dobuzuru has lower resistance against cold and whenused as scion, it tends to continue its quality and when used as cutting, the rooting capacity is found very poor.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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It is generally believed that the development of lime sulfur spray burn correlates with high temperature in the time of the application. In order to obtain further data on this correlation, a study was conducted during the summer of 1939.
Japanese pears, peaches, or American graped were sprayed with liquid lime sulfur from early morning till night at definite intervals. In the forenoon, temperatue and radiation gradually rised till noon when they stay nearly constant. Humidity falled rapidly after sun rise. In the early morning spray burn was very slight, and as the time advances it becomes more and more severe.
In the afternoon, the relation was reversed; later the afternoon, slighter the spray burn. After the sun sets, the sprayed leaves was scarsely injured. In relation to the temperature immediately after the application, denifite correlation of spray burn to high temperature was not secured, though there was high positive correlation when the forenoon or afternoon series were considered separately. As compared with the severity of the forenoon series at the same temperature, the severity of the afternoon series was always slighter. As well as with temperature, definite correlation of the severity of spray burn with humidity was not obtained. When intensity of radiation is above certain critical point, spray burn attain to its maximum and above thispoint injury did not increased. Below this point spray burn was roughly proportional to light intensity, and after the sun sets when radiation becomes nearly zero, it has hardly occured.
Lime sulfur of high concentration was applied on the upper or lower surfaces of some garden plants and the development of spray burn was observed. When lime sulfur was applied on the surfaces ofleaves, where no stomata existed, spray burn has never developed. When spray burn has developed, the sprayed surfaces had always stomata on them. So that it seems that the spray liquid penetrate thestomata through leaf tissues, where it attacks living cells and induces spray burn. If so, when stomata is closed, the spray liquid will not be able to penetrate into the leaf tissue and will not be able to cause spray burn. In relation to the foregoing experiments stomatal actvity was observed throughout the day. Close correlation between severity of spray burn and width of stomatal opening was obtained. Thus, the assumption that the stomatal activity regulates the lime sulfur spray burn may be partly acceptible, but needs further studies.

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The present paper deals with the results of investigation on the change of physiological properties due to the chromosome doubling in tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, which was induced by the decapitation-callus method. A retardation of growth appeared always at the beginning of development in tetraploids, but thereafter, no peculiarity was shown in the type of growth, except the case of fruitless, in which they were extraordinarily vigorous. The late and poor blooming was also the ordinary characteristic of tetraploids. Such special variations were found in the percentage of dry matter in tetraploid plants as low in the vegetable organs and high in the fruits, though tetraploids surpassed diploids in the total weight of plants, both the fresh and dry. It may be caused by the reduction of cell sap concentration in the vegetable organs. Much nitrogen was contained in the vegetable part and less in the fruit in tetraploids. The increase of sugar and organic acid occured in the tetraploid fuits and the addition of vitatin C content in them could be obtained by means of crossing with tetraploids of L. pimpinellifolium. The tetraploids were also very much superior in regard to the resistance to Fusarium lycoperici and mosaic disease.

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As one of the mechanisms of self-incompatibility in the flowering plants, certain cases are known in which the germination of pollen is decreased. This category includes some species of the Orchidaceæ, Lilium, Secale, Linum, Passiflora, Malus, Prunus, Melilotus, Pelargonium, and several species of the Cruciferæ etc. In the Cruciferæ CORRENS(1913) observed this fact in Cardamine pratensis, RILEY (1936) in Capsella grandiflora, STOUT (1931) in Brassica pekinensis, and SEARS (1937) in Brassica oleracea and Raphanus sativus. This may be true of the family in general.

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