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Volume 69, Issue 2
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Huijuan Jia, Goro Okamoto, Ken Hirano2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 135-140
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of amino acids on the taste of the peach fruit was investigated by sensory evaluation tests. Fruits were harvested from 'Hakuho' trees that were grown under three levels of complete liquid fertilizers, containing nitrogen at 40 ppm (L), 80 ppm (M), and 160 ppm (H). Major amino acids analyzed were asparagine (ASN), serine (SER), threonine (THR), arginine (ARG), and aspartic acid (ASP), which accumulated at significantly higher concentrations with increased fertilizer levels. Sensory evaluations showed that juice from the H treatment fruit was more sour and had a bitter taste, whereas that from the L treatment was equally sweet as the juice from the M treatment ; the overall evaluation gave the highest mark to the M treatment. After removing amino acids from juice using ion exchange resins, the major amino acids were added again individually or cumulatively to the original concentrations of each treatment juice. SER, ARG, and ASN increased sweetness, whereas ASP increased sourness of each case. Such amino acids improved "umami" (deliciousness or deepness of the taste) and overall taste at the concentrations of those in the M treatment juice but they increased bitterness and, thereby, lowered the overall evaluation of the H treatment juice. These results indicate that amino acids improve the taste of peach fruit, but excessively high levels of ASN and ARG lower the sensory quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Mikio Shiraishi2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 141-148
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSucrose-and hexose-accumulating grape cultivars were studied by monitoring changes in °Brix, total and individual sugars, free and total acidity, individual organic acids, total and individual amino acids during ripening. °Brix and total sugar content increased continuously and steadily after veraison until maturity. °Brix was significantly higher in the sucrose accumulators than in the hexose accumulators. The glucose level decreased with the berry ripeness, while that of fructose increased correspondingly. The sucrose content of the sucrose accumulators was much higher than that of the hexose accumulators. Free acidity decreased rapidly and continuously after veraison. The ratio of free acidity to total acidity (F/T ratio) decreased gradually, reaching a final level of about 0.5. A ratio of tartaric acid to malic acid (β ratio) rose steadily, and changed significantly near maturity. Total amino acid content which increased continuously after veraison consisted of primarily threonine (Thr), glutamic acid (Glu), alanine (Ala), and arginine (Arg). While Thr and Arg levels gradually decreased, a corresponding increase in Glu and Ala occurred. No significant change took place in the sugar composition (α ratio) and amino acid composition (γ ratio) near maturity.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Sojiro Chikaizumi2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 149-155
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCauses of the rind-oil spot disorder that occur on the rind surface of 'Encore' fruit were examined from physiological and ecological aspects. The occurrence seems to be closely associated with physiological stages of rind tissues ; the spots develop in fruit larger than 4 cm in diameter from late August to early November. Furthermore, the disorder occurred only in the fruit derived from the flowers which bloomes in April but not in those from the July bloom. A more severe disorder was found in the fruit born in the exterior of a canopy than in those of the interior, as well as on the sun-lit rather than on the shaded sides of the same fruit. The surface exposed to direct radiation exceedes 38°C. The affected tissue collapsed, became dehydrated, and developed green pits which gradually turned into yellow or brown. The essential oils that leaked from the oil glands of the affected parts caused them to enlarge. An application of the essential oils extracted from the peel of 'Encore' fruit induced similar rind-oil spots on healthy fruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (1262K) -
Toshihito Tabuchi, Noriko Arai2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 156-160
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe abscission zone of the tomato fruit pedicel is initiated by the onset of secondary cell division on the proximal side of pedicels adjacent to the primary abscission zone when the fruit is about 1cm in diameter. Cells of secondary cell division zone which are flat situated in the inner cortex (central parenchymatous region) of the pedicel. The cells have thinner walls than those of the adjacent cells during the early stage of fruit development to the mature-green stage. At the mature stage, these secondary cell walls thicken and become heavily lignified. Cells of the primary abscission zone which form at the flower bud stage are smaller and more densely packed than the adjacent cortical cells which are filled with cytoplasm and unlignified. Therefore, the newly formed secondary cell division zone may partly play a role of a protective layer, whereas the primary abscission zone acts as a fruit separation layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1380K) -
Yoshiji Niimi, Yutaka Misaki, Masaru Nakano2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 161-165
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Bulblets of Lilium rubellum were cultured for 16 weeks in liquid MS medium containing 100, 150 and 250 mmol·liter-1 (mM) sucrose (referred to as 100, 150 and 250mM sucrose medium, respectively). The 250mM sucrose medium enhanced bulblet growth the most. The greatest gain in fresh weight occurred between 4 and 8 weeks after culture. The ratio of dry to fresh weights (DW/FW) of bulblets cultured in the 250mM sucrose medium was always highest. 2. Three sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) were detected in the autoclaved MS medium. When bulblets were cultured in the liquid sucrose medium, the concentration of glucose and fructose in the medium increased until week 4 as the sucrose concentration decreased. Sugars in the 150mM sucrose medium were nearly depleted by week 8, whereas those in the 250mM sucrose medium persisted for 12 weeks. The growth rate of the bulblets declined as sugar concentration in the medium decreased. 3. The sucrose content in bulblets, cultured in each medium, increased until week 4, then decreased. However, in bulblets, cultured in the 250mM sucrose medium, the sugar content increased again after 12 weeks of culture, while starch content decreased. Hence, it appears that the starch accumulated in the bulblets was hydrolyzed to glucose. These results indicate that the growth of bulblets of L. rubellum cultured in liquid medium can be promoted by subculturing the bulblets after 8 to 12 weeks of culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (710K) -
Kazuo Ichimura, Rie Goto2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 166-170
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFactors, accelerating the senescence of cut Eustoma grandiflorum 'Asuka-no-nami' flowers, were investigated in relation to ethylene production. Pollination markedly accelerated petal senescence of cut Eustoma flowers. Petal senescence was also accelerated by crushing the stigma or removing the stigma and style, but not by the removing the pistil. The climacteric increase in ethylene production from flowers, petals, and pistil was significantly accelerated by pollination. Treatment with 2mM silver thiosulphate complex (STS), an ethylene action inhibitor, extended the vase life of pollinated flowers. These results suggest that the acceleration of flower senescence by pollination is mediated by ethylene.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Lin Zhou, Kuninori Suzuki, Takehiro Naruse, Hirokazu Fukui, Shogo Mats ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 171-175
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifteen rose rootstocks which were cultured and propagated in vitro were inoculated with the strain GOU1 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a test for resistance to the crown gall disease. Rosa multiflora and R. multiflora 'K2' were highly susceptible, 95% and 90% of the stems forming large tumors, 6.61 and 3.62 (mm×mm), respectively. Three varieties of R. canina, 'Pfander', 'Superbe', and 'Brogs Stachellose', and a native one became infected but formed small tumors (0.5mm×mm). In R. rugosa and R. canina 'Superbe' 40% of the infected shoots formed tumors during the first week after inoculation. Thus, these species have a low resistance to tumor formation, whereas R. virginiana formed no tumor during the first week after inoculation ; 73% of the shoots produced tumors 3 weeks after inoculation. Therefore, R. virginiana is subject to infection but resistant to tumor formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Shigeru Satoh, Chiyuri Kanke, Tomoya Yoneno, Toshihito Yoshioka, Teruy ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 176-182
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe process of cold-induced ripening of pear (Pyrus communis L.) fruits consists of four consecutive steps ; (1) perception of the cold stimulus and transduction of the signal, (2) induction of ethylene synthesis, (3) action of the produced ethylene, and (4) softening by the action of hydrolytic enzymes and related changes in fruit tissues. The two pear strains, P12-9 and P12-111, derived from the cross between 'La France' and 'Le Lectier' do not respond to cold-induced ripening. In this study, we characterized the possible points of metabolic block(s) in these pear strains to the cold-induced ripening in relation to the synthesis and action of ethylene. In P12-9 fruits, ACC synthase was induced and ACC content was increased by the cold treatment, resulting in ethylene production ; whereas exogenous ethylene did not induce softening of P12-9 fruits, suggesting that ethylene was not perceived. P12-111 fruits produced ethylene under some conditions, but did not when exposed to cold treatment. These fruits did not soften even after an abundance of ethylene was produced during a prolonged cold storage. These findings indicated that P12-111 fruits lack the ability to perceive the cold stimuli and to respond to ethylene. Whether the subsequent softening step in both of the strains is normal or not remains to be elucidated.View full abstractDownload PDF (885K) -
Hiroko Hayama, Takehiko Shimada, Toshiya Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Iketani, N ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 183-185
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMore than 200 cDNA clones were sequenced from cDNA libraries constructed from peach fruits sampled at three different developmental stages. For a rapid and simple construction of cDNA libraries, PCR amplification and plasmid vector were combined. Eighty-three clones (39% of the total number of clones) exhibited a significant homology (OPT scores ≥ 200) to the registered sequences including Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). Almost all genes were newly obtained in peach (Prunus persica) as well as in other Prunus species. Random nucleotide sequencing of the cDNA libraries appeared to be a useful and valuable tool for understanding various physiological changes during fruit development in peach.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
Ikuko Nakajima, Shozo Kobayashi, Yuri Nakamura2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 186-188
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnfertilized ovules were excised 19-21 days before anthesis and cultured in a liquid medium to induce embryogenic callus from 'Kyoho' grape (Vitis×labruscana). The culture medium consisted of half strength MS supplemented with 1.0μM 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 0.2-5.0μM N-(1, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-N'-phenylurea (TDZ, thidiazuron), or 1.0μM 2, 4-D and 0.2μM N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU). After 3-4 months of culture, the embryogenic calli produced from the ovules were successfully subcultured to maintain a high embryogenic potential for over one year. When these adventitious embryos were transferred to a modified 1/2MS hormone-free medium, plantlets were regenerated 1-2.5 months later. This is the first embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from 'Kyoho' grape.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
Kenichiro Yamashita, Mitsuyasu Iino, Masayoshi Shigyo, Yosuke Tashiro2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 189-191
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was applied to trace the progress of nucleus substitution in continuous backcrossing for substituting the cytoplasm of Allium galanthum Kar. et Kir. for that of shallot (A. cepa L. Aggregatum group). Total genomic DNA of A. galanthum was used as a probe DNA along with that of shallot as a blocking DNA. In the F1 hybrid, eight chromosomes from A. galanthum were clearly discriminated from eight chromosomes from shallot. Chromosome regions from A. galanthum noticeably decreased in the backcross progenies with frequency of backcrossing. This study demonstrates that GISH is a useful means of revealing the progress of nucleus substitution in the backcrossing.View full abstractDownload PDF (447K) -
Zhong Chuan Xu, Hiroshi Hyodo, Yoshinori Ikoma, Masamichi Yano, Kazuno ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 192-194
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarge differences in gene expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, ACC contents, and ACC synthase activitiy were found in different tissues of fruit between members of two kiwifruit species, (cv) Actinidia chinensis ('Kui mi') and A. deliciosa ('Hayward'). ACC synthase mRNA accumulated mostly in the outer pericarp, slightly in the inner pericarp, and in a trace quantity in the columella of 'Hayward' fruit that produces much less ethylene than does 'Kui mi'. However, gene transcripts at significant levels exist in all sections of 'Kui mi' fruit which reflects a large potential to produce ethylene. ACC levels and ACC synthase activities were much higher in all the tissues of 'Kui mi' fruit than in 'Hayward' fruit, which indicates that these enzymes are the primary cause for the varietal difference in the ability to produce ethylene in kiwifruit.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K) -
Masakazu Tokumoto, Yutaka Tabei, Toshiaki Kayano, Hirosuke Oku, Hirono ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 195-201
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOvules were excised from unpollinated papaya ovaries before flowering and imbedded on the culture media containing cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellins. Adventitious embryos were induced only in the culture media with mixed gibberellins and GA3 in the dark. No embryo was initiated with cytokinin and auxin, whereas the gibberellin mixture (GA3>80%, GA1+GA4≒10%, minute amount of GA2+GA7), GA3, and GA4 individually promoted induction, but GA1, GA5, and GA7 were ineffective. The adventitious embryos were directly induced from the ovules. However, there were many abnormal embryos with malformed cotyledons. The induced embryos were transferred onto a hormone-free MS medium to regenerate plantlets. Plantlets, derived from embryos with gibberellin mixture, GA3, and GA4, and their respective percentages were 18.6, 26.4, and 26.9. The total number of surviving plants after acclimatization was only 44 (7.2%). All acclimated plants were diploid (2n=18), whereas some of the adventitious embryos were heteroploid and tetraploid (4n=36). RAPD analyses of the regenerated plants using primer RA-1 and RA-47 showed that several had differing banding patterns from those of their parents. Therefore, it is suggested that some of the regenerated plants were induced from haploidic reproductive cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1202K) -
Daijirou Yahata, Hitoshi Nogata2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 202-207
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between air temperature and characteristics of developing syconia at different nodal positions of 'Houraishi', a common fig (Ficus carica L. var. hortensis Shinn), was investigated from 1996 to 1998. 1. The fruit development period from budbreak to harvest of the second crop figs, borne on the 3rd, 8th, and 13th nodes, was 80 to 89 days. The cumulative temperature during this period was approximately 2, 100 degree-days (°C), independent of years and nodal positions. The diameter and weight of fruit on the 3rd node were largest and decreased at higher nodal positions. Peel color developed largely in the fruit at high nodal positions. 2. Air temperature increased from budbreak to harvest for the fruit on the 3rd node, while it rapidly fell in the latter half of the developmental period for fruits on the 13th node. Changes in air temperature after budbreak on the 8th node were intermediate between those on the 3rd and 13th. The minimum air temperature during fruit development in all nodal positions was above 15°C except for a decrease to 13°C during the development of the fruit on 13th node in 1996. These fruits did not ripen even after autumnal leaf fall. 3. Fruit diameter and weight correlated negatively with air temperatures for the first 30 days after budbreak ; they correlated positively with air temperatures for 5 to 15 days before harvest, especially when the minimum air temperatures persisted for 5 days before harvest. In contrast, peel coloration correlated negatively with air temperatures 5 to 15 days before harvest.View full abstractDownload PDF (785K) -
Kiyoshi Banno, Yifei Liu, Hironobu Ishikawa, Shinichi Nakano, Shigenor ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 208-213
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSS-genotypes, isozyme phenotypes, and RAPD markers were investigated to identify the parenthood of the Japanese pear cultivar 'Kuratsuki', which is a chance seedling found in a mixed planting of 'Shinsui', 'Kosui', 'Hosui' and 'Chojuro'. The S-genotype of 'Kuratsuki' was judged to be S3S5, the same as that of 'Hosui', in that the pollen of 'Kuratsuki' was cross-incompatible, and it exhibited the same PCR-RFLP pattern of the S-RNase genes with 'Hosui'. Analyses of seven loci in five isozymes among the parental candidates showed that 'Kuratsuki' had the common a allele at POD-1 locus as 'Shinsui' and 'Chojuro', and the common b allele at PGM-3 locus comparable only to 'Hosui'. The common RAPD markers specific with 'Kuratsuki' were detected only in 'Shinsui' and 'Hosui' which suggest that 'Kuratsuki' is a hybrid seedling between 'Shinsui' and 'Hosui'.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K) -
Eiichi Kodaira, Genjiro Mori, Mariko Takeuchi, Hideo Imanishi2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 214-220
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of exposing bulbs to high temperatures just after harvest on the flower-bud initiation and development in Allium cowanii was examined. Bulbs, stored at various temperatures under dry conditions were potted in early October and grown in a greenhouse kept above 10°C. 1. Bulbs which were harvested from plants grown the previous season in an unheated plastic house and thereafter stored in the same house for 2 months, flowered 27 days earlier than those harvested from plants grown outdoors and stored in a shed. 2. When bulbs were exposed to 25 or 30°C for various periods and stored at 9°C for 3 months, those exposed to 25 or 30°C for more than 12 or 4 weeks, respectively, initiated inflorescences. 3. When bulbs were exposed to 25, 30, 35 or 35/25°C (day/night) for 8 weeks from early May, followed by storage at 25°C for 3 months, those stored at 30 and 35°C produced 3 inflorescences per plant during December. Bulbs which were exposed to 30°C for 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, followed by the storage at 25°C for 3 months, flowered at different times ; those stored for 4 or 8 weeks flowered the earliest. 4. Bulbs stored at 30°C for 8 weeks, at 25°C for 2 months, and at 20°C for 1 month from early May flowered in mid-December and produced 3 inflorescences successively.View full abstractDownload PDF (747K) -
Takashi Ikeda, Kiyohide Kojima, Hiroshi Yakushiji, Shozo Kobayashi, Hi ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 221-223
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated the changes in endogenous auxin concentration during embryogenesis of citrus (Citrus sinensis Osb.) in tissue culture. Embryogenic callus (EC) was induced from ovules of 'Trovita orange' and 'Oomishima navel'. In both varieties, the EC having greater capacity for embryogenesis had a correspondingly higher endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration. When the EC in 'Washington navel' and 'Oomishima navel' were cultured on hormone-free media which can induce embryogenesis, the IAA concentration increased for 2 days, then rapidly decreased and stabilized 14 days later. These results suggest that the decrease in IAA concentration is closely related to citrus embryogenesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Kenzo Katsukawa, Genjiro Mori, Hideo Imanishi2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 224-226
Published: March 15, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLycoris albiflora, L. aurea, L. radiata and L. sanguinea were cross-bred to yield 8 interspecific combinations. When the scapes were cut at their base after crossing and kept in water, a few interspecific hybrids from 7 combinations were obtained. The percentages of fruit set and the number of seeds per capsule were increased by applying 2% Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) on the stigma after pollination in three interspecific hybrids of Lycoris. Thus, the hormone treatment improved the efficiency of obtaining interspecific hybrids with Lycoris.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K)
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