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Volume 68, Issue 6
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Yuanwen Teng, Kenji Tanabe, Fumio Tamura, Akihiro Itai1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1071-1078
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo soil water status conditions (control : pF=1.5-1.7 and water stress : pF=2.7-2.8) were applied to 5-year-old, potted 'Nijisseiki' pear trees during early stage (43-62 days after anthesis (DAA)) and late stage of fruit growth (110-124 DAA). Water stress during the early stage or late stage of fruit growth decreased photosynthetic rate and leaf water potential ; reduced fruit size and fresh weight but had no effect on the dry weight of fruit. Shoot growth was significantly reduced by water stress during the early stage of fruit growth. Water stress reduced the amount of 13C translocated to young leaves and current shoots during the early stage of fruit growth, but did not significantly affect rate of 13C translocated into fruit in both stages. Water stress at both stages increased the incorporation of 13C into soluble carbohydrates in fruit ; similar conditions occurred with mature leaves and current shoots early in the season.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Yuanwen Teng, Kenji Tanabe, Fumio Tamura, Akihiro Itai1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1079-1083
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing 13C as a tracer, the partitioning patterns of current photosynthates in three-year-old 'Nijisseiki' pear trees were investigated during the initial period of fruit growth. One week after anthesis (WAA), unfolded leaves were found to export the labeled photosynthates to fruitlets. Whether labeled 1 or 2 WAA, most of the 13C remained in source leaves ; of that exported from leaves, the majority was translocated to the new growth of aerial parts within a week after labeling. Small amounts of 13C were recovered in older tissues. No substantial amounts were recovered in new roots. When labeled two WAA, the highest concentration of 13C was recovered from fruitlets. Thus, in 'Nijisseiki' pear, new growth of aerial parts commences to assimilate current photosynthates within 1 WAA and new roots import less than the new aerial parts.View full abstractDownload PDF (634K) -
Takenori Asada1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1084-1089
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influences of shoot growth, composition of 1-and 2-year-old branches, and fruit set on yield efficiency of fruiting branches in 'Fuji' apple trees/Marubakaido (Malus prunifolia Borkh. var. ringo Asami), trained to an open-center shape, were investigated. The efficiency of fruiting branches expressed as the number of fruits per unit of total leaf area (FLA, Fruits/m2)(per branch) varied from 0.7 to 13.3 with an average value of 5.0 for all branches. Age, orientation, elevation above the ground, and vigor of fruiting branches did not account for a large portion of the variations in the efficiency of fruiting branches. A strong inverse relationship exists between Log10 FLA and bud production rate (BPR)(shoot count per 1-yr-old branch). BPR is positively correlated to leaf area per 1-yr-old branch (r≥0.807). Leaf area per 1-yr-old branch decreased with ; 1) increasing proportions of terminal spur on 1-and 2-yr-old branches and 2) decreasing long axillary on 1-and 2-yr-old branches. Leaf area per 1-yr-old branch increased rapidly below 30 % of the short terminal on 1-yr-old branch (terminal spurs). The regression equations for Log10 FLA on BPR differed significantly among trees but not in the slopes. Tree with the highest FLA across all BPR had the highest fruit set.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Ali Karim, Kumiko Koeda, Naosuke Nii1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1090-1098
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the anatomical and physiological features of expanding leaves of mango (Mangifera indica L., cv. Irwin) were examined to identify the factors that control photosynthetic activity related to leaf age. Anthocyanin content increased before leaf enlargement but decreased rapidly as the lamina expanded. Immature leaves soon after budbreak were yellowish green with a small amount of chlorophyll. When they were stained with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), some chloroplasts fluoresced red, whereas others were yellowish in the same mesophyll tissues. When the leaf reached almost its maximum area, the chlorophyll content began to increase greatly. With increases in the chlorophyll content of the leaves, the intensity of staining with DAPI increased. Stomata did not differentiate in the leaves soon after budbreak. When leaves reached 28.6 cm2, guard cells of stomata appeared. Green and mature leaves contained higher concentrations of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, as detected by immunoblotting after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than did young, immature leaves. The photosynthetic rate and the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were consistently lower in young, immature leaves than in mature leaves. Oxygen evolution and Fv/Fm ratio increased with an increase of chlorophyll content but Fv/Fm increased much faster during rapid chlorophyll synthesis at the beginning of leaf enlargement than later when the increase in chlorophyll decelerated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1662K) -
Kunio Yamada, Hitoshi Mori, Shohei Yamaki1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1099-1103
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to establish the mechanism of expression of NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (NAD-SDH) activity during the development of apple (Malus pumila Mill. var. domestica Schneid. cv. Fuji) by investigating the NAD-SDH activity and the levels of NAD-SDH protein and transcript. The gene expression was investigated by RNA blot analysis using NAD-SDH cDNA and the protein level was determined by Western blot using the antibody against NAD-SDH protein expressed in E. coli. The activity of NAD-SDH was very weak up to 80 days after flowering (DAF), then increased temporarily at 104DAF. Thereafter, it declined with fruit enlargement ; it rose rapidly again from 160 DAF with fruit maturation and remained high up to 207 DAF. That the levels of the immunoreactive protein of NAD-SDH per g fresh weight were high at 104, 181, and 207 DAF indicates a close correlation between the activity and the protein of NAD-SDH. Furthermore, RNA blot analysis indicated that the NAD-SDH transcript was proportionate to the level of the activity and protein through the developmental stages. These results indicate that the rise in the activity may depend upon the expression of the NAD-SDH gene.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Toshio Yoshida, Kenji Kawase, Hirohisa Nesumi1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1104-1110
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inheritance of a thornless characteristic in trifoliate orange was studied. Ten-month-old seedlings of the progenies that were obtained from selfing and crossing of the trifoliate orange strains, including thornless ones, which were observed for development of thorns, were classified into a thorny or thornless type. Percentage thorny nodes (PTN) was calculated from randomly selected progenies. From the segregation patterns of thorny and thornless seedlings in the progenies, thornless individuals emerged whenever the thornlessness alleles existed homozygously. Many seedlings with lower PTN, in comparison with that of 'Normal thorny' strain, segregated among the thorny seedlings. Thus, the allele for thorniness seemed to be incompletely dominant over the thornless allele.View full abstractDownload PDF (1248K) -
Naohiro Kubota, Yasushi Yamane, Koji Toriu, Kazuyoshi Kawazu, Tetsuo H ...1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1111-1117
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe active substances in garlic responsible for breaking bud dormancy in grapevines were investigated by employing single bud cuttings of 'Kyoho'(Vitis vinifera x V. labruscana Bailey). Four major gas-chromatographic peaks were detected in the essential oil extracted from freshly grated garlic cloves and commercial garlic oil, but only the first two peaks were found in volatiles from freshly grated garlic and commercial garlic oil. Based on a comparison of the retention time with authentic chemicals and GC-MS analysis, the compounds were identified as diallyl mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-sulfides. The highest peak was diallyl disulfide, followed by diallyl tri-, mono-, and tetra-sulfides, but only trace amounts of dimethyl mono-and di-sulfides were present. When painted to the upper cross-sectional cut surface of cuttings, dimethyl disulfide and diallyl disulfide greatly promoted budbreak. Diallyl trisulfide treatment resulted in a rate of budbreak that was not uniform, although the first budbreak was accelerated. Exposure to volatiles of diallyl di-and tri-sulfides was the most effective treatment in promoting budbreak, irrespective of the concentration and the duration of exposure. However, exposure of cuttings to volatiles of 30% dimethyl disulfide suspension markedly inhibited budbreak, although both authentic dimethyl disulfide (a.i. 99%) and its 10% suspension promoted budbreak. The effects of dimethyl sulfide and diallyl sulfide on budbreak varied among the concentrations and the duration of exposure. These results indicate that the active substances in garlic, responsible for breaking bud dormancy in grapevines, are sulfur-containing compounds with an allyl group (CH2CHCH2), particularly diallyl disulfide.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K) -
Nobuo Sugiyama, Masafumi Oozono1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1118-1123
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeaf initiation and development, associated with head formation, were monitored during the growth of crisphead and butterhead lettuce plants. The ratio of leaf length to breadth for individual leaves decreased with time and eventually became constant. The ratio, when compared at the same leaf position, was smaller in crisphead lettuce than it was in butterhead lettuce. Two phases were distinguished in the relationship between the rate of leaf primordium initiation and the rate of leaf (longer than 1 cm) production ; the phase transition was earlier in crisphead lettuce than it was in butterhead lettuce. Bags were placed over the younger leaves of butterhead lettuce plants when leaf 15 became longer than 1cm (15th-leaf stage), the dark-grown leaves curled inwards and became narrow. On the 26th-leaf stage, shading did not affect leaf breadth ; and on leaves at positions 25 and higher, the basal parts of the midribs became bent in both shaded and control plants. The results suggest that the sequence of three processes, i.e., changes in the relationship between the rate of leaf primordium initiation and that of leaf production, changes in leaf shape, and inward leaf rolling, play a key role in head formation ; these processes occur earlier in crisphead lettuce than they do in butterhead lettuce.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
Obaidul M. Islam, Syoichi Ichihashi1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1124-1131
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of sucrose, maltose, and sorbitol on callus growth of Phalaenopsis, Doritaenopsis, and Neofinetia were investigated. Calli derived from these three genera, grown on sucrose medium enriched with coconut endosperm, grew rapidly but remained friable and yellowish even after 3 subcultures at 8-week intervals. Calli of most cultivars, grown on maltose or sorbitol medium, initiated protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) which subsequently developed into plantlets. Regenerated plantlets were normal and healthy in appearance. Calli of a few Phalaenopsis and Neofinetia proliferated into green masses and continued to grow but did not develop either PLBs or plantlets.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
Obaidul M. Islam, Shuichiro Matsui, Syoichi Ichihashi1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1132-1138
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRed, yellow, and blue light significantly enhanced the germination of Cattleya walkeriana var. coerulea 'Hi' x Cattleya walkeriana var. semialba in vitro. Both fresh and dry weights of germinating seedling grown under red, yellow, and blue light were heavier, but those grown under green light were lighter in comparison to those germinating under white light. In subsequent culture, shoot and root growth of seedlings was also enhanced under red and yellow light. Blue light enhanced fresh weight and shoot length, but it did not enhance the dry weight of seedlings. Under green light shoot length and the number of leaves per plant increased, but fresh weight, dry weight, leaf length and width, and root growth of seedlings were smaller. Green light also accelerated shoot and root development from the leaf axis. Dehydrogenase activity in roots, as evaluated by the TTC method, was the highest in blue light and the lowest in red light treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1111K) -
Masaru Adachi, Kenichi Nakabayashi, Rie Azuma, Hirofumi Kurata, Yoshih ...1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1139-1145
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEthylene enhanced the degreening and increased the chlorophyll (Chl)-oxidative enzyme activity in intact radish (Raphanus sativus L.)(Rs) cotyledons kept in the dark. The catabolism of Chl α-porphyrin in plants was investigated by using crude proteins from ethylene-induced degreening radish cotyledons. The enzyme catalyzes the degradation of Chl α in the presence of H2O2 and 2, 4-dichlorophenol (DCP), or p-coumaric acid. Analysis by HPLC and HPTLC revealed the appearance of C-132-hydroxy (HO)Chl α. The reaction of C-132-HO Chl α formation was inhibited completely by ascorbate (2mM) or KCN (2mM), but it was not under an anoxygenic condition. These results suggest that C-132-HO Chl α forming enzyme is aperoxygenase and/or peroxygenase-like peroxidase, the peroxidase-catalyzed oxygen transfer from H2O2. Moreover, the 3-dimensional (3-D) fluorescence spectral measurements showed that a colorless fluorescent Chl catabolite (FCC : Ex 350 nm/Em 455 nm) was produced with a concomitant decrease in Chl α level. The production of C-132-HO Chl α and colorless Rs-FCC was inhibited by heating the extracts. It appears that Chl α-porphyrin is catabolized by the proteins prepared from Raphanus sativus cotyledons via the following reaction : Chl α→C-132-HO Chl α→→colorless Rs-FCC (Chl-porphyrin oxygenolytic cleavage catabolite).View full abstractDownload PDF (828K) -
Masahiko Fumuro, Naoki Utsunomiya1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1146-1148
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of warmed and non-warmed soils on shoot growth and fruit development were compared by using in seven-year-old 'Tonewase' persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) in forcing culture under restricted root volume condition. The warmed soil was maintained at 20°C by circulating warm water in the pipes laid in the ground from Jan.12 to Apr.15. The time of bud burst and anthesis by warming was advanced slightly, compared with plants in the non-warmed treatment. Warming the soil increased shoot growth and accelerated maturation and TSS accumulation of fruit, but the yield was reduced because of low fruit set and small fruit size.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Yohichi Matsubara1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1149-1151
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of infection of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the dimorphic exodermis consisting of short and long cells in feeder roots of asparagus [Asparagus officinalis L., cv. MW500W and Welcome] seedlings were investigated. Eight weeks after inoculation with the five fungal species, infection and symbiosis were detected in both cultivars. In the dimorphic exodermis of feeder roots, no infection occurred in long cells, whereas infection in short cells was observed in all treatments. The ratio of the total number of hyphae invading short cells to the total number of hyphae invading roots differed with the fungal species in both asparagus cultivars. These results indicate that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi specifically invaded the short cells of the exodermis in feeder roots of asparagus seedlings, and that the frequency of hyphal invasion into short cells differed among the fungal species.View full abstractDownload PDF (536K) -
Toshihito Tabuchi, Noriko Arai1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1152-1154
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEsterase activity in the abscission region of processing tomato fruits was histochemically investigated. At the mature-green stage of fruit development, esterase activity was not detected in the juncture tissue between the ovary and receptacle. At full maturity, esterase activity had noticeable increased in the secondary xylem on the fruit side. However, as fruit ripening proceeded, esterase activity decreased rapidly, especially in the enlarged cells at the abscission zone. This result suggests that esterase may induce cell wall and plasma membrane breakdown in the abscission region in processing tomato fruits.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Nobuo Sugiyama, Masashi Hayashi, Mitsunori Uehara1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1155-1157
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes in oxalic acid concentration in response to water stress were monitored to evaluate the contribution of oxalic acid to osmotic adjustment. Potassium and oxalic acid are the predominant solutes in spinach leaves. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 to the nutrient solution significantly decreases osmotic potential at full turgor (π100) in rapidly growing leaves. The decrease in π100 in response to PEG treatment can be accounted for by the accumulation of potassium, phosphate, nitrate, sugars, and amino acids, but not of oxalic acid. These results indicate that oxalic acid plays a minor role in osmotic adjustment, although potassium oxalate is a major osmoticum in spinach leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (508K) -
Masaji Koshioka, Mark Roh, Masayoshi Nakayama, Tamotsu Hisamatsu, Lewi ...1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1158-1160
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEndogenous gibberellins (GAs) were extracted from inflorescence of Ornithogalum thyrsoides and identified by using combined gas-chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Three 13-hydroxylated GAs, GA19, GA20 and GA53, and thirteen 13-non-hydroxylated GAs, GA4, GA7, GA9, GA12, GA15, GA24, GA25, GA51, GA61, GA112, GA115, 1, 2-didehydro GA9 (which is a novel GA, and has been assigned as GA120), and GA120-isolactone were detected. The presence of these GAs suggests that both the early-13-hydroxylation GA biosynthesis pathway and the early-13-non-hydroxylated GA biosynthesis pathway were operating in the inflorescence of Ornithogalum. The presence of GA7, GA9 and GA120 suggests that GA120 could be considered as a metabolic intermediate in the conversion of GA9 into GA7 in O. thyrsoides.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Yasunaga Iwasaki, Takeo Sasaki, Yoshiaki Chiba, Masahiko Saigusa1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1161-1169
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of soil and rockwool as substrates, soil-and rockwool-system, respectively, on the fluctuation of ion concentration in a drained nutrient solution of a closed fertigation system and the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Hausu-Momotaro) were compared. The following results were obtained 149 days after transplanting. 1. The pH of the drained nutrient solution fluctuated less in the soil-system than it did in the rockwool-system. 2. The composition of both cations and anions was more stable in the soil-system than it was in the rockwool-system. In the rockwool-system, sodium and sulphate concentrations increased between 89 to 126 days after transplanting while those of potassium and nitrate decreased. 3. Physiological disorders were not observed in both soil-and rockwool-systems. 4. Vegetative growth was more vigorous and total yield was higher in tomato plants grown in the rockwool-system than in the soil-system but the percentage of marketable fruits was higher in the latter. There was no significant difference in the marketable yields between the two systems. 5. Closed-fertigation soil-system may be more suitable for tomato fruit production than the rockwool-system because of the stability of the pH and ion composition of the drained nutrient solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (1005K) -
Soon Ja Yang, Wakanori Amaki, Haruzo Higuchi1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1170-1177
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of temperature, day-length, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and ventilation of vessel (number of air exchanges per hour) on the growth and flowering of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in vitro were examined. The variations in time of differentiation and developmental processes of flower buds between in vitro and in vivo cultured plants are also discussed. 1. Among 7 cultivars (cvs.) tested, in vitro flowering occurred in 5 cultivars of the early-and midseason flowering types under a short-day condition. However, 'Sensation' and 'Rose Crown', two late flowering cvs., produced no flower buds within 25 weeks. The early flowering 'Singapore' and 'Adagio' also flowered early in vitro, followed by 'Oukan', 'Houkan' and 'Fortyniner' which are midseason flowering cvs. In response to ambient temperature, the above 5 cvs. produced flower buds at 20°C, whereas only 'Oukan' produced flower buds at both 20°C and 25°C in vitro. 2. 'Singapore' flowered in vitro under 20°C and short-days. In vitro flowering occurred at 40μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD, whereas at 10 and 30μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD, the above plants failed to produce flower buds in vitro. 3. Controlling ventilation within the culture vessels using aluminum foil closure with 0.03 air exchange per hour failed to produce flower buds, whereas an air permeable closure and a silicon rubber stopper, with 3.40 and 3.75 air exchanges per hour, respectively, allowed flower bud differentiation and development. 4. Under our environmental conditions, 35 days from the flower bud differentiation stage to the visible flower bud stage were required. The rate of flower bud development was nearly equal in both in vitro and in vivo cultured plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1007K) -
Fumio Tamura, Kenji Tanabe, Akihiro Itai, Mihoko Hasegawa1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1178-1183
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristics of removal of astringency in Japanese persimmon 'Saijo' fruit with 80% carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethanol vapor (EtOH) were investigated in relation to acetaldehyde production. Soluble tannin concentration in the flesh decreased rapidly by exposure to an acetaldehyde vapor. A decrease in soluble tannin content in the flesh treated with CO2 was coincided with an increase in acetaldehyde content to 0.15μl/gFW. EtOH treatment, which also resulted in a decrease of soluble tannin content simultaneously caused an accumulation of acetaldehyde to only 0.025μl/gFW but an accumulation of EtOH to 8.0 μl/gFW. Thus, acetaldehyde 'triggered' the tannins to polymerize is questionable. Acetaldehyde evolution from the flesh discs incubated with ethanol or pyruvic acid solution was determined before and 2 days after CO2 and EtOH treatments. Flesh discs treated with CO2 and incubated with pyruvic acid yielded nearly 5 nl of acetaldehyde/gFW, whereas those treated with CO2+EtOH yielded only 0.25 nl acetaldehyde after 6 hr. Ethanol treatment reduced acetaldehyde evolution in the incubated discs with ethanol, whereas the evolution level with pyruvic acid was not affected. The increases in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) activities were detected in the flesh with CO2 treatment. EtOH treatment did not affect PDC activity in the flesh but decreased ADH activity. Our results demonstrate that EtOH treatment result in the removal of astringency of 'Saijo' fruit, but EtOH may act independently of the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the tissue.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K) -
Yasunori Hamauzu, Etsuko Iijima, Kiyoshi Banno1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1184-1193
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCatechins, procyanidins and other major phenolics in developing 'Tsugaru' and 'Fuji' apples (Malus pumila M.) fruit were identified and quantified by spectrophotometric, thin layer chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic assays and their changes observed. 1. Polymeric procyanidin was the most abundant polyphenol in both cultivars. Chlorogenic acid, other hydroxycinnamic esters, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, oligomeric procyanidins and phloridzin were major phenolics in the ethyl acetate extractable fraction. 2. The total amount of catechins and procyanidins (total catechin units) content decreased on a fresh weight basis, whereas it increased on a fruit basis during fruit development in both cultivars. 3. Catechins (monomeric form of procyanidins) and polymeric procyanidin were the predominant components in flavan-3-ol group 30 days after pollination (DAP). Oligomeric procyanidins and (-)- epicatechin content on a fruit basis increased by the middle stage of development and decreased thereafter, whereas polymeric procyanidin increased as fruits matured. 4. (+)- Catechin, procyanidin B1 and especially chlorogenic acid content in 'Fuji' were higher than those in 'Tsugaru'. Chlorogenic acid content increased only in 'Fuji'. Although phenolic contents in 'Tsugaru' and 'Fuji' flesh were slightly different, the pattern of seasonal changes in catechins and procyanidins contents was similar. Apparently, monomeric and oligomeric procyanidins which temporarily increased were converted to polymeric form during fruit development.View full abstractDownload PDF (1067K) -
Toshiki Asao, Yumiko Ohba, Kouhei Tomita, Katsumi Ohta, Takashi Hosoki1999 Volume 68 Issue 6 Pages 1194-1196
Published: November 15, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: January 31, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of adding activated charcoal and different concentrations of dissolved oxygen to the hydroponic culture solution on the vegetative growth and yield of cucmber plants were studied. 1. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution after 6- and 24- hr aeration treatment were 1.7∿3.1 ppm and 5.0∿7.5 ppm, respectively. Adding activated charcoal to the culture solution with different aeration periods did not affect the concentrations of dissolved oxygen. 2. Whether the activated charcoal was added or not, the length of the primary lateral branch and its dry weight at the end of the experiment decreased slightly following 6-hr aeration compared to that following 24-hr aeration. 3. The yield per plant was unaffected by a 6-hr or 24-hr aeration but it was significantly increased by the addition of activated charcoal. Apparently root exudates, which are detrimental to vegetative growth and yield of cucumber plants are adsorbed by the activated charcoal.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K)
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