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Volume 52, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Tadashi KATO, Makoto YAMAGATA, Sadao TSUKAHARA1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 393-398
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the form and localization of nitrogen reserves in the satsuma mandarin tree (Citrus unshiu Marc.), the nitrogenous compounds were analyzed before (February) and after (July) new shoot formation using a 21-year old tree.
Total N contents decreased in both the bark and wood during the sprouting period. Greater decreases in the content on a dry weight basis were found in parts with higher levels of nitrogen, i.e., leaves, shoots and fine roots. The decreases in the total N contents suggest that the wood of large branches, the trunk and big roots are main nitrogen reservoirs for new shoot development.
The nitrogen was reserved mainly as protein, free proline, arginine, and asparagine. Protein decreased in parallel with total N in various parts. Proline decreased markedly in the leaves and bark of shoots; arginine in wood of shoots; asparagine in bark of fine roots.
No storage protein characterized by a high content of specific amino acid, e.g., proline and/or arginine, was found in satsuma mandarin tree.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Yousuke TASHIRO1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 399-407
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKaryotypes and chromosome pairings were investigated in the triploid hybrid (2n=24) between the tetraploid Allium wakegi and A. ascalonicum and in the triploid hybrid (2n=24) between the tetraploid A. wakegi and A. fistulosum.
In the somatic chromosome complements of both triploid hybrids 8 pairs of chromosomes and 8 single chromosomes could be morphologically distinguished, and the karyotypes were respectively expressed by the following formulas: K(2n)=2(7V+J(t)1) +(7V+JT2), K(2n)=(7V+J1)+2(7V+JT2). At metaphase-I in the pollen mother cells of both triploid hybrids, 8 bivalents and 8 univalents were regularly formed. The members of morphological pairs in the somatic chromosome complements and bivalents in the meiotic cells were relatively large in the hybrid between the tetraploid A. wakegi and A. ascalonicum, while relatively small in the hybrid between the tetraploid A. wakegi and A. fistulosum. Moreover, the meiotic behaviors of the triploid hybrids were quite similar to those of the first backcrosses of amphidiploid hybrids between A. ascalonicum and A. fistulosum.
From these results it can be concluded that A. wakegi is an allodiploid plant and has 2 component genomes, one of which is homologous with the genome of A. ascalonicum and the other with the genome of A. fistulosum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1105K) -
Yousuke TASHIRO1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 408-413
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the somatic chromosome complement of the hybrid between the tetraploid Allium wakegi and the amphidiploid (A. ascalonicum×A. fistulosum) 16 pairs of chromosomescould be morphologically distinguished, and the karyotype was expressed by the following formula: K (2n) =2(14V+J(t)1+JT2). At meiotic metaphase-I in the pollen mother cells of the hybrid 16 bivalents were regularly formed. At metaphase of pollen grain mitosis most of the pollen grains possessed the chromosome complements (K (n) =14V+J(t)1+JT2) equivalent to the exact half of the somatic chromosome complement of thehybrid. Moreover, the hybrid was pollen fertile and had a good seed set. Therefore, it became clear that A. wakegi has the same genome constitution as that of the hybrid between A. ascalonicum and A. fistulosum. This indicates incontestably that A. wakegi is the synthetic species of these two species.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Masaharu MASUDA, Kiyoshi GOMI1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 414-419
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMineral absorption and oxygen consumption were investigated in comparison of own-root cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Tokiwa-hikari No. 3) and grafted cucumber on figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia Bouche).
Mineral concentrations in the nutrient solution at the end of culturing experiments under a vinyl-coverd greenhouse in winter were expressed in percent of those in the solution without plants. NO3-N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations evaluated as the contents of mineral absorbed per unit volume of water absorbed were higher in grafted plants than own-root plants, but with K the reverse was the case. These results coincided with the previous report on xylem sap analysis. In the present experiments, no differences between grafted plants and own-root plants were found in water uptake per unit top weight.
Such tendency of mineral absorption as mentioned above was also found except for K at 10°C, 16°C and 20°C in growth chamber. In particular, the P absorbed per unit volume of water absorbed by own-root cucumber plants decreased remarkably at 10°C.
The quantity of O2 consumption in roots excised from grafted plants and own-root plants was almost the same at 16°C and 24°C, but it was 1.5 times higher at 12°C in grafted plants than own-root plants. A similar result was also obtained in comparison of roots of young figleaf gourd and young cucumber plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (489K) -
Akira NUKAYA, Masao MASUI, Akira ISHIDA1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 420-428
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMuskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) were grown in soil to determine the salt tolerance as affected by salinization of sea water, NaCl, Na2SO4 and MgCl2 in Experiment I, and MgSO4 in Experiment II, at osmotic potentials of -0.95 (only MgSO4), -1.20, -1.70 and -2.70 bars compared with a control of -0.70 bars of base nutrient solution. Fruit fresh weight and whole plant dry weight were greatest in the control and tended to decrease in each salinity with decreasing osmotic potentials of treatment solutions. At -2.70 bars fruit fresh weight was 61.3, 55.7, 63.2, 54.0 and 35.9% compared with the control in the sea water, NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2 and MgSO4 series, respectively. Most of the plants at -2.70 bars died within 60 days after transplanting in the MgSO4 series. No plants died in the other series. Growth in decreasing order was control>sea water_??_NaCl_??_Na2SO4_??_MgCl2>MgSO4. Na, Mg, Cl and SO4, content in leaves and soil solution (SSo) tended to increase with decreasing osmotic potentials of treatment solutions in sodium-, magnesium-, chloride- and sulfate-salinities, respectively. EC values of SSo increased and osmotic potentials of SSo decreased as osmotic potentials of treatment solutions decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
M. Fazalur Rahman MALLICK, Masao MASUI, Akira ISHIDA, Akira NUKAYA1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 429-433
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe physiology and biochemistry of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit were studied in combination with nitrogen and calcium nutrition. Two forms of nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3) and 2 sources of calcium (CaCO3 and CaCl2) were studied with particular reference to carbon dioxide and ethylene production. In addition, fruit ethanol, chlorine and sugar contents were also estimated. Calcium, when applied in the form of CaCl2, was detrimental, in that, it produced more carbon dioxide and ethylene, decreased the mean fruit weight and also advanced the respiration peak by about 2 days to the ninth day after harvest compared with the 11th day in CaCO3. In this case, very high fruit ethanol and chlorine content seemed to affect the fruit quality. Such detrimental results were not observed in CaCO3 treatments. Irrespective of the treatments, carbon dioxide and ethylene production curves followed a typical sigmoidal pattern, confirming the climacteric nature of the fruit. Carbon dioxide and ethylene production, total soluble solid and ethanol contents, and ethanol and chlorine contents were positively correlated. Carbon dioxide production and fruit weight, and fruit weight and chlorine content were negatively correlated.View full abstractDownload PDF (330K) -
Nobuo SUGIYAMA, Sachiko YOSHIOKA, Tadashi TAKAMIZO1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 434-444
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiurnal and day-to-day fluctuations in the concentrations of mineral nutrients in the leaves of spinach were investigated by successive sampling of the pot-grown plants.
1. As for diurnal fluctuations, the concentrations of N, P, K and Mg on a dry weight basis decreased after sunrise and reached a minimum in the late afternoon. They increased thereafter and reached a maximum at dawn.
2. The concentrations of N and Mg as % fresh weight and of K as % tissue water increased in the daytime and decreased at night.
3. Regarding day-to-day fluctuations, the concentrations of P and K as % dry weight continued to decrease over 3 days immediately after rainy days in the leaves sampled either at dawn or in the afternoon.
4. The concentrations of N, Ca and Mg as % fresh weight and of K as % tissue water were constant in the leaves sampled at dawn, except on the day immediately after rainy days. In the leaves sampled in the afternoon, those were constant even after rainy days.
5. After the number of leaves ceased to increase due to low temperature, the concentrations of N, P and K as % dry weight decreased but those of N, Ca and Mg as % fresh weight and that of K as % tissue water increased.
6. No diurnal nor day-to-day fluctuations were found in the concentration of P on a fresh weight basis.View full abstractDownload PDF (783K) -
Akira SAKAI, Fumio YOSHIE1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 445-449
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFreezing tolerance of ornamental bulbs and corms of about 50 species or cultivars which were native to different climates in the world was assessed. Almost all of the bulbs and corms native to the South Africa could not survive freezing below -3 or -5°C. This suggests that the mild oceanic winters do not provide the stimulus to evolve hardy bulbous plant species. Hardy bulbous species native to Mediterranean coast, Asia Minor and East Asia survived freezing between -5°C and -23°C. Allium oreophilum, Fritillaria camtschatcensis and Lilium dauricum were the hardiest of the bulbs tested, tolerating temperatures of to -20°C to -23°C. In the hardy bulbs, the base plate was the least hardy plant part. The flower buds were also far less tolerant than the leaf and stem in many ornamental bulbous plants. Further study on freezing tolerance of flower buds in bulbous plants is required.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Noriaki AOKI, Shigeto YOSHINO1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 450-457
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to establish forcing system for tree paeony. First, the flower bud differentiation and development in tree paeony (Paeonia suffruticosa Ardr. cv.′Hanakisoi′) was observed, and secondly the effects of the duration of cold storage on the flowering time and quality of cut flowers of forced tree paeony were investigated.
1. The differentiation of leaves had already finished and the differentiation of petals had begun on Aug. 27. Stamens in a few sample plants and pistils in the majority of sample plants were going to form on Sept 27 and Oct. 18 respectively.
2. As the storage at 0°C was prolonged, the sprouting and flowering became earlier. However, the number of days and cumulative temperature from sprouting to flowering differed little with the duration of 3 cold storage within 5 to 7 weeks.
3. The flowering percentage was highest after 5 week storage and lowest after 7-week storage.
4. The weight of cut flower and the number of petals did not differ significantly with the storage duration. However, the flower diameter was increased and the leaf area decreased with shortening the duration of cold storage. And especially, the development of lower leaves tended to be suppressed.
5. Cut flowers looked well-balanced and were superior in figure after the trees were chilled during 6 to 7 weeks.
These results show that the stage of flower bud development before cold storage and the temperature and duration of cold storage have a great influence on the flowering time, flowering percentage and the quality of cut flowers of forced tree paeony.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Lung-Ming TSAY, Susumu MIZUNO, Nobuyuki KOZUKUE1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 458-463
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelationships between changes in free abscisic acid (ABA) content and ethylene evolution and respiration rates were investigated during ripening and senescence of several fruits. The fruits, such as pear, peach, kiwi fruit and tomato, were picked at young and mature stage of growth and stored at 20°C.
1. In all of the young fruits, the CO2 production and the evolution of ethylene by the fruits were kept at relatively low rates until the occurring of browning or decay, but ABA contents increased rapidly with ageing, even in′Nijisseiki′pear which evolved ethylene only a little.
2. In the cases of mature fruits, ABA contents of′Nijisseiki′and′Kosui′pear were almostly constant during the experimental period, but the rates of CO2 and ethylene production increased slightly at the end of experiment.
In ′Bartlett′ pear, tomato and peach, ABA accumulated in conjunction with the rise in ethylene evolution that accompanied the respiratory climacteric.
In kiwi fruits, the ethylene evolution also increased with the climacteric rise of respiration, but the ABA contents decreased rapidly during ripening.
From these results, it seems that the accumulation of ABA is not consistently related to the evolution of ethylene, which is one of symptoms of ripening or senescence.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Hirotoshi KITAGAWA, Toshikazu TANI1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 464-468
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Potassium sorbate applied at 20, 000ppm effectively controlled green and blue molds (Penicillium digitatum Saccardo and P. italicum Wehmer) inoculated artificially to satsuma mandarin, and was comparable to TBZ at 1, 000ppm. Lower concentrations of sorbate were less effective.
2. When potassium sorbate was applied in combination with TBZ, the effectiveness was synergistically increased. For example, 500ppm TBZ+1, 000ppm potassium sorbate was as effective as 1, 000ppm TBZ.
3. The synergistic effects of TBZ+potassium sorbate were also observed in retarding the growth of both green and blue molds in agar culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (319K) -
Masao TSUJI, Mamoru HARAKAWA, Oshihiro KOMIYAMA1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 469-475
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in shelf life and market quality such as flesh hardness, coloring and chemical composition of′Sordum′plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruit during storage at 20, 25, 30, 35, 40°C and their combinations were investigated.
1. The fruit stored at 30°C kept the market quality for 14 days, that is 1.5 times longer than the fruit stored at 20°C.
At 35°C, softening and coloring of flesh and peel were hardly observed as at 30°C, at least within 7 days of storage. While at 40°C, the fruit kept market quality only for 3 to 4 days and then bacame soft and rotten.
2. The fruit stored at 20°C after holding at 30°C for 3 days ripened normally, and the quality was improved remarkably. The transfer to 20°C after holding at 30°C for 7 days could not improve the quality, but it was effective in extending shelf life.
The changes in respiration, flesh hardness and coloring of flesh and peel differed with the periods of holding at 30°C.
3. At 30°C, titratable acidity decreased rapidly at the beginning of the storage and lower than that at 20°C till 7 days of storage. But, the total sugar content was kept 1% higher at 30°C than 20°C till 11 days of storage.
When fruit were stored at 20°C after holding at 30°C for 3 and 7 days, the changes in sucrose and alanine content differed remarkably with the periods of holding at 30°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Katsu ISHII, Masutaro OKUBO1984 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 476-483
Published: 1984
Released on J-STAGE: July 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProduce temperatures at some central wholesale markets in summer, the temperature change in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from packing time to auction time under non-refrigerating transportation system and the effect of delay in precooling on the quality of some vegetables were reported in this paper.
The temperatures of non-precooled vegetables immediately before auction in the wholesale markets were always much higher than the ambient room temperatures, reaching over 40°C in some items, while those of precooled ones were about 10 to 15°C even when they were stacked under the ambient room temperatures in the markets. Thus, the favourable effects of precooling on keeping quality can be expected even in the present situation without compleation of cold chain system, which, however, seems to be indispensable to reap fully the effects of precooling.
The temperature of non-precooled snap bean gradually rose during transportation. The final temperature before auction varied with the stacking methods during transportation and in the wholesale market, the degrees of perforation of cartons, etc., and reached as high as 36.8°C at the lowest. Front these results, there seems to be a limit in keeping quality as far as non-refrigerating transportation system is used.
Even a short period of high temperature before precooling decreased markedly external appearances and chlorophyll content in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) and sweet corn (Zea mays L.), sugar content in sweet corn and reduced ascorbic acid content in garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum cornarium L.), suggesting the necessity of starting precooling immediately after harvest.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K)
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