The study of error chains is an important area of research from the perspectives of basic human factors and the prevention of critical accidents. In this article, an error chain is defined as a phenomenon in which an initial error causes changes in emotion or cognition, which in turn leads to a subsequent error. Numerous studies have examined the latter half of the error chain—that is, how emotional or cognitive changes influence the occurrence of errors. However, relatively few studies have focused on the initial half of the error chain, which explores how the first error induces emotional or cognitive changes. To comprehensively understand error chains, it is necessary to increase research on the chain’s initial half and integrate findings from both halves. Furthermore, in experimental studies on error chains, it is essential to control the occurrence of errors adequately. Addressing these challenges is expected to advance the study of error chains.
Conflicting interests among stakeholders often make problem-solving challenging, underscoring the importance of constructing a shared vision. For instance, the beneficiaries of science and education are not only children and families, but they also play a crucial role in the future development of the nation. Therefore, it can be argued that the entire country qualifies as a stakeholder. In the field of transportation, it is crucial to reconcile the differing interests of stakeholders such as pedestrians, cyclists, and drivers. An ideal vision, like Sweden’s Vision Zero, which prioritizes the safety of human lives, offers a highly acceptable framework for all stakeholders. Japan’s experience in achieving zero traffic fatalities serves as a valuable example of the feasibility of fostering a shared understanding among stakeholders and provides insight into constructing visions for addressing future challenges.