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Volume 36 (1961)
- Issue 11-12 Pages 403･･･
- Issue 9-10 Pages 307-
- Issue 7-8 Pages 223-
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Volume 36, Issue 11-12
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Yoshiwo KATAYAMA, Takashi NAGATOMO1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 403-412
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The present paper deals with the phenotypical and genotypic changes of alkaloid reaction in yellow lupine. Samples were got from the four types derived from the cross between common and sweet strains.
2. A simple method for alkaloid testing was devised. That is, many leaves were maintained in a thermostat running at 60°C. Half-dried, but still green, leaves were then soaked in a solution of iodine potassium iodide. If the material turns brown in 0.5-1 hour, it proves positive in alkaloid reaction. Another device was a quantitative analysis by means of the dilution method, using an original extraction from fresh leaves with 5% HCl (Table 1, Fig. 1).
3. Alkaloid reaction was ascertained to vary with leaf position, showing remarkably at upper young ones (Table 2). The reaction was found in almost equal grade up to the flowering stage from young one, but it appreciably dropped down at pod-formation stage (Table 3). Moreover, the degree of reaction varied also with kinds of organs, and the reaction was strong in seeds and anthers. Even in sweet strain, the reaction in seeds occurred considerably strong, and so in cotyledons and anthers (Table 4). Furthermore, by the injury given to the plant the reaction became strong and in sweet strain it occurred also (Table 5).
4. Using both of simple and usual methods, many of leaves were tested and some variants found (Table 6). By the results of those investigations, most of the progeny of variants which changed to positive reaction (+) segregated roughtly into a ratio of 3:1, but few variants changed to negative reaction (-) bred true hereafter (Table 7).
5. Another variant with yellow mosaic admidst the alkaloid-negative stock was found. This is characterized by having weakly positive leaves and mosaic yellow in parts of stem, leaf and pod (Fig. 2). The progeny segregated into green and yellow. Green one, which is alkaloid-negative, bred true. Yellow one kept on splitting into green and yellow (Table 8). From the consideration of this result and F1 features (Table 9) it may be assumed that the yellow character behaved as dominant to the green one and showed heterozyous condition. Moreover the degree of alkaloid reaction of fresh leaves in yellow variant was about one-sixth the amount in common strain and double of that of alkaloid-negative green (Table 10).View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Yuichiro HIRAIZUMI, Takashi NARISE, Ichiro FUKUDA1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 413-418
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViability, one of the major components of fitness, has been studied in natural populations of T. kamtschaticum. The main points discussed are as follows.
1. The f value computed for chromosome E was chosen as an estimate of inbreeding coefficient for each population. This was on the assumption that this chromosome was relatively neutral in viability.
2. With this f value, a method was proposed to measure the viabilities of genotypes when the only available data are from natural populations.
3. The method was applied to actual data obtained from natural populations of T. kamtschaticum and it was concluded that the heterotic viability is a general phenomenon in natural populations of this plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
preliminary reportHajime MATSUURA, Shigeyuki TANIFUJI, Masaki IWABUCHI1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 419-422
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The effects of postirradiative temperature treatments upon the X-ray induced chromosome aberrations are studied with the PMCs of Trillium kamtschaticum Pall.
2. Post low temperature treatment (ca. 1-2°C) for the period of about 76 hours caused the delay of the progress of cell division.
3. The frequencies of the chromosome aberrations, especially the frequency of chromatid translocations, are lower in the material posttreated with low temperature in comparison with the case of higher temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (211K) -
Effects of X- and Gamma-Irradiations on Pollen Fertility of Lycopersicum pimpinellifoliumIchizo NISHIYAMA, Setsuko TSUKUDA1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 423-427
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRipe pollen grains of Lycopersicum pimpinellifolium were exposed to 230kVp X-rays, and 1.17 and 1.33Mev mixed gamma-rays from 60Co source, ranging from 10kr to 110kr at increments of 10kr. According to the authors' previous study pollen grains irradiated with these dosages of X-rays germinated very well in vitro.
In the present investigation, 1, 207 and 203 flowers which were previously emasculated were pollinated with irradiated and non-irradiated pollen grains, respectively.
The percentage of fruit-setting and the weight of fruits distinctly decreased when pollen grains were exposed to increasing doses of radiation. These fruits set few plump and viable seeds, but some small and empty seeds were obtained in numbers clearly inversely proportional to the amount of irradiation doses.
Only six plump seeds were obtained in 537 fruits fertilized with irradiated pollen grains and five of them germinated. All of them had the normal number of chromosomes (2n=24) of L. pimpinellifolium. No difference on biological effects between X- and gamma-irradiation was recognized in the present experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (255K) -
II. Growth Habit and AwnednessKoichiro TSUNEWAKI, B. Charles JENKINS1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 428-443
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic control of growth habit and awnedness in common wheat was studied by the aneuploid and the conventional methods of analysis. Using the 21 monosomic lines of the spring variety, Chinese Spring, as female parents, crosses were made with seven varieties. In addition, diallel crosses were made among the seven varieties and Chinese Spring.
Growth habit was found to be controlled by genes belonging to three allelic series Sg1, Sg2 and Sg3, located on chromosomes XVIII, IX and XIII, respectively. The Sg1 and Sg2 series appeared to have three alleles and the Sg3 series had two alleles; the alleles being Sg1, Sg1c and sg1, Sg2, Sg2c and sg2 and Sg3 and sg3 in order of dominance for each series.
Genotypes of the eight varieties are proposed, namely, sg1 sg2 Sg3 for Elgin, Kharkov and Jones Fife, Sg1c Sg2c Sg3 for Chinese Spring, Sg1c Sg2 Sg3 for Red Egyptian, Sg1 Sg2c Sg3 for S-615 and Sg1 Sg2 sg3 for Prelude and Red Bobs.
All winter varieties studied carried the typical winter habit genes, sg1 and sg2. The gene sg1 was much more effective than sg2 in delaying heading. Spring varieties carried some of the less effective spring habit genes, Sg1c, Sg2c or sg3 instead of the typical spring habit genes, Sg1, Sg2 or Sg3.
Concerning awnedess, monosomic analysis revealed that awnlessness of Chinese Spring is ascribed to two inhibitors Hd and B2 on chromosomes VIII and X, respectively while that of Red Bobs to the presence of inhibitors B1 on chromosome IX and B2 and the absence of the a1 promotor on chromosome II; awnlettedness of Elgin and Jones Fife is controlled by the B1 gene; and awnedness of Prelude, Kharkov, S-615 and Red Egyptian is due to absence of all inhibitors. Conventional analysis confirmed the results obtained by monosomic analysis and indicated that an inhibitor on chromosome XVI of Chinese Spring affected F2 segregation of awnedness when crosses were made between Chinese Spring and other varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (919K) -
Cytological Identification of the Extra Chromosomes in Crosses with Burnham's Translocation TestersTakumi TSUCHIYA1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 444-451
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hybrids between primary trisomic types and a set of Burnham's translocation testers were investigated to identify the extra chromosomes. A configuration of 1V+5II indicated that the extra chromosome in the trisomic was one of those involved in the interchange whereas 1IV+1III+4II indicated that it was not involved in the interchange. The results obtained in the present investigation are as follows:
1. The independence of the seven primary simple trisomic types of barley obtained from autotriploid plants of H. spontaneum var. transcaspicum was confirmed by a cytological study.
2. The extra chromosome in each trisomic type was identified in terms of the letter designations a to g as used by the American workers.
3. Completion of the cytological identification of the chromosomes designated by the different letters from a to g now makes it possible to have one numbering system for the linkage groups and the chromosome numbers (Ramage, Burnham and Hagberg 1961).
4. The trisomic types, the chromosomes, and the linkage groups are now given by one series of Arabic numbers from 1 to 7 (Table 3) following the final morphological identification by Hagberg of the three longer chromosomes in relation to the letter designations (Ramage, Burnham and Hagberg 1961).View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
Jiro MIURA, Kinshi SUMINOE1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 452-462
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-one of the multispored asci which consisted of five, six, seven and eight spores of Saccharomyces were chosen and dissected with the aid of a micromanipulator. The hybrid culture used was a heterozygous for eleven genes, among which, the genes controlling mating types, caffeine sensitivities, choline, isoleucine, phenylalanine, arginine and lysine requirements were tested. Data suggest that asci with more than four spores consist of two (or more) sets of different tetrads, and that some of the tetrads would be expected to arise through the degeneration of half of eight nuclei of the multispored ascus. The intra-cell behaviour can cause irregular segregations on the basis of the mendelian laws.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
Shinji HAYASHI, Tan TAKAYANAGI1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 463-466
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study deals with the determination and inheritance of mating type of Paramecium polycaryum collected from several parts of Sapporo City and of some other cities in Hokkaido. The determination of mating type was made with 245 clones established in our laboratory during a period from March of 1959 to April of 1961, and it was found that all of these clones, except four which failed to study, belonged to one syngen and two mating types, I and II (for detail, refer to Table 1). Based on the facts that no mating reaction has been observed in this species, and that only one syngen has been found in this study, it seems probable that this species has been in state of low differentiation, so far as the breeding system is concerned. Conclusive statements should be made, however, on the basis of the data from further survey in future.
In the light of the results of the experiments on the inheritance of mating type, it was concluded that this species was characterized by clonal inheritance (Table 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (252K) -
VI. External Characteristics, Number of Somatic Chromosomes and Meiosis in PMC's of Triple Ryewheat (TriF23-20-3-4-5-17) PlantGoichi NAKAJIMA1961 Volume 36 Issue 11-12 Pages 467-474
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. F23 plants (Tri F23-20-3-4-5-17) derived from the Triticum-Secale triple hybrids Triticum turgidum×Secale cereale F1×Triticum vulgare were cytogenetically studied.
2. Most of the F23 plants had 42 somatic chromosomes (Fig. 1), though some exceptional plants (6.7% in frequency) had 41.
3. The external characteristics of the F23 plants are shown in Table 1. On the neck of their spikes a cluster of hairs was observed and the spikelet was not brittle at the ripening stage.
4. 42 chromosomes in total were also observed in the heterotypic division of PMC's. At the metaphase plates 17-21 bivalents and 0-8 univalents were observed. Frequency of various meiotic configurations is shown in Table 3, among them 21II appearing to be the mode. The average number of bivalents was 20.56 (Table 3). Ring-shaped bivalents, which are formed by the partners of equal size conjugating at their both ends and found in a pure species, were generally observed. Some stick-shaped bivalents were also observed (Figs. 8, 10).
5. 14 out of the 21 bivalents at MI might have resulted from pairing of chromosomes in A and B genomes which were derived from Triticum turgidum (AB) and/or T. vulgare(ABD).
If all of the remaining 7 bivalents belonged to D genome, the plants would be the same to Triticum vulgare, one of the cross parents. While they would be the same to Triticum turgidum (AB)×Secale cereale (R) amphidiploids, if the all 7 belonged to R genome. Because their external morphology was not same to either T. vulgare or the amphidiploids, the 7 bivalents seem to be a mixture of the gemini derived from D (T. vulgare) and R (S. cereale) genomes. In order to investigate origin of those bivalents it is necessary to carry out a cytological research of the hybrids between the triple F23 and S. cereale, and T. vulgare and (Emmer wheat×S. cereale) amphidiploids.View full abstractDownload PDF (852K)
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