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Volume 62 (1987)
- Issue 6 Pages 479-
- Issue 5 Pages 375-
- Issue 4 Pages 283-
- Issue 3 Pages 189-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 21-
Volume 62, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Toru TERACHI, Yasunari OGIHARA, Koichiro TSUNEWAKI1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 375-387
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe complete nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for each H- and L-type large subunit (LS) of Rubisco (rbcL), which differ in isoelectric point and are related with the differential in vitro CO2 fixation efficiency of this enzyme, was determined using cloned chloroplast (ct) DNA fragments of common wheat (T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring; H-type) and Ae. crassa (4x accession; L-type). Two rbcL genes have almost an identical nucleotide sequence in both the coding and noncoding regions; only five base substitutions and two deletions/insertions were detected. The coding region of rbcL gene of T. aestivum consists of 1431 bp that can encode a peptide of 477 amino acids, whereas that of Ae, crassa 4x contains 1428bp, which code for a 476-amino acid peptide. Compared to the L-type LS of Ae. crassa, the H- type LS of T. aestivum is assumed to have two amino acid substitutions (Gln→Lys, Asn→Ser) and one amino acid addition (Lys) to the C terminus. This supposition is consistent with the finding that the isoelectric point of the H-type LS is higher than that of the L-type LS. The replacement of Gln in the L-type LS with Lys in the H-type LS is the most plausible amino acid change that causes a great difference in the specific activity between the Rubisco with the H- and L-type LS.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Yoko NISHIZAWA, Atsushi HIRAI1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 389-395
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gene for the large subunit of RuBisCO, ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), from rice was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The initiation and termination sites of the mRNA were also determined by S1 mapping method. The sequences of promoter region of C3 and C4 type cereal plants were compared and possible C4 plant specific deletion was found. We found no heterogeneous rbcL, less than 5% of the main gene if there is any, in spite of the report by Moon et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 15: 611 (1987)).View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Ohmi OHNISHI, Tatsuya OHTA1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 397-414
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventy morphological mutant lines were established by full-sib matings in common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. By performing allelism tests among mutant lines with a similar phentoype, the following 30 loci were identified; dwA, dwB, dwC, dwD, dwE, dwF, gsA, gsB, gsC, gsD, ps, psB, bw, cp, cu, ct, ir, min, nl, rc, sc, Vp, wl, ys, pg 6, py 8, py 12, py 22, py 23 and py 24. In addition to these loci, the self-incompatibility locus S, and seven isozyme loci, Dia-2, Got-2, Idh, Mdh-3, Pgm-2, 6-Pgdh-1 and Sdh-1 were also analyzed for their linkage relationships by conducting more than 100 pairwise crosses and subsequently analyzing F2 segregation data. Seven linkage groups were successfully assigned: I. S, dwE, Mdh-3 II. dwA, dwB, gsA, gsC, ct, cp III. dwC, dwF, psB, cu, ir, pg 6, py 8, py 12, py 22, py23, Got-2, Sdh-1 IV. dwD, wl V. ps, Vp VI, rc, bw VII, gsD, py 24, Dia-2, 6-Pgdh-1, Pgm-2. Based on the estimated map distances between the linked loci, a tentative linkage map was constructed.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Nobuo NAKAGIRI, Yasuhisa MATSUSHIRO, Toshihiro ASAHI, Homare KUWANA1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 415-424
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlycolytic enzyme activities of the two acetate-requiring mutant strains, ace-1 and ace-5, were not so different from the wild type strain as to explain their acetate requirements. Accumulation of glycolytic intermediates coincided with these data. While the wild type strain grows well on glycerol, the growth of the ace-1 and ace-5 strains did not increase by adding glycerol over the level of that in a medium containing acetate. Coincidentally with the inability to use glycerol as a carbon source, these strains did not induce glycerol kinase even in the presence of glycerol. These strains, however, were able to induce this enzyme after incubation at 5°C for 10h even in the absence of glycerol. This means that the glycerol kinase gene per se is normal, but expression of this enzyme in the presence of glycerol is impaired in these strains. Inability of the ace-1 and ace-5 mutants to utilize glycerol does not explain directly the acetate requirement of these strains, but there may be some relationship between them.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Taro FUJII, Tadashi INOUE1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 425-430
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), a strong tumor initiator, did not show mutagenic activity in the soybean test system either alone or in combination with tumor promoter, TPA. In combination treatments with DMBA and gamma-rays, the mutagenicity of gamma-rays was not affected by post-treatment with DMBA. However, DMBA pre-treatment clearly reduced gammaray-ray induced spotting frequency, suggesting that DMBA affects mutagenesis in gamma-irradiated soybean cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Kumio OKAICHI, Takeo OHNISHI, Keiichi SAITOH, Kazuo ARIKATA, Keiichi N ...1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 431-437
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3 ABA), an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, on UV-induced SOS responses were studied in Escherichia coli. The lethal effect of UV irradiation was enhanced by 3 ABA in an excision repair defective strain (uvrA) and in the parental wild-type strain. In contrast, in a recombination defective mutant (recA), 3 ABA inhibited UV-caused cell mortality. An apparent depression of UV-induced mutation by 3 ABA was observed in uvrA. In addition, induction of the umu+ gene expression by UV was depressed by 3 ABA in both uvrA and wild-type strains. Prophage induction from λ-lysogenized cells by UV was also depressed by 3 ABA. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 3 ABA inhibits a diverse set of SOS responses induced by UV irradiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
Naruya SAITOU1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 439-443
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pattern of nucleotide substitution among the four nucleotides (A, T, C, and G) was studied for seven different genes of the influenza A virus. The direction of substitution was inferred by examining phylogenetic trees reconstructed (Saitou and Nei 1986), and the relative frequency of nucleotide substitutions was computed by Gojobori et al.′s (1982) method. It is found that the transitional changes (between A and G and between T and C) are much more abundant (about 70%) than expected under random substitution. Among the four types of transitional changes, the G→A change is most frequent. There are negative correlations between the chemical distance of nucleotides and the substitution pattern at the first and second codon positions for all genes examined. This result suggests that the influenza virus genes are subject to the purifying selection even though they show an extraordinary high substitution rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (182K) -
Kenichi AOKI1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 445-459
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo major hypotheses proposed to explain the observed association between prevalence of adult lactose absorption and milk use in human populations are the "culture historical hypothesis" and the "calcium absorption hypothesis". A rigorous formulation of the evolutionary problem calls for an approach based on gene-culture theory. This paper selectively reviews data bearing on the coevolutionary approach. First, a reinterpretation of the data on Finnish school children suggests that lactose malabsorption is fully expressed by age 12 rather than after age 15. This result is consistent with a one-locus two-allele determination of the trait, and also suggests that lactose is not an inducible enzyme. Second, a comparison of milk preference in lactase absorbers and malabsorbers suggests that a difference in preference may manifest itself when malabsorbers are in the majority, as was presumably he case in ancestral human populations. Third, calcium absorption in the presence of lactose is more efficient in lactose absorbers than malabsorbers. This result supports the contention that malabsorbers were more susceptible to bone diseases and hence at a selective disadvantage in northern Europe. Fourth, a simple model of gene-culture coevolution is presented to show how the reviewed data pertain. The time required for genetic change is computed as a function of the intensity of selection. Strong selection pressures must be invoked if the genetic change is to have occurred by natural selection during the 6000 years since adoption of milk use. Finally, the incompleteness of the association between prevalence of adult lactose absorption and milk use among the populations surveyed is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
Takayoshi UEDA, Morinobu SAWADA, Jindo KOBAYASHI1987 Volume 62 Issue 5 Pages 461-465
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe eyed embryos of raindow trout between diploid female and triploid male were obtained. The chromosome preparations of these embryos were made by the short-term culture method. There were two groups, namely 72 -79 of chromosomal numbers (18 individuals) and 100-108 (3 individuals). Judging from numbers and constitutions of the chromosomes, it is presume that the chromosomes of the triploid during spermatogenesis divide into two by near the common way.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K)
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