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Volume 67 (1992)
- Issue 6 Pages 425-
- Issue 5 Pages 357-
- Issue 4 Pages 273-
- Issue 3 Pages 187-
- Issue 2 Pages 61-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 67, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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ARTICLES
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Tetsuo ITOH, Sohei KONDO1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 61-70
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMarking cells with genetic marker is a useful way to study plant development. A heterozygous (Y11y11) strain of soybean was exposed to X rays or 14 MeV neutrons before, or 1-7 days after, sowing. Clones of dark-green (due to reversion of the Xantha-like allele y11) or yellow (due to loss of the wild-type allele y11) cells were produced in the first and second compound leaves. Of these clones, none extended beyond the mid-vein. In the first leaf, about half the clones produced by marking before sowing were delimited by the mid-vein but extended beyond the main lateral veins; whereas, about 20% were bounded by small lateral veins, indicative that in the first-leaf primordium of the dormant embryo the mid-vein is already differentiated, but that only about half of the main lateral veins are. After marking on day 7, 99% of the marked clones in the first leaf were bounded by small lateral veins. This and the preceding results indicate that most small lateral veins develop during the first seven days after sowing, together with development of the leaf lamina. Primordia of the 6th or later leaves in dormant seeds exposed to neutrons produced two marked clones that extended over the mid-vein, showing that the mid-vein and lamina are not completely differentiated at this early stage.
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Yasuhiko MUKAI, Bernd FRIEBE, Bikram S. GILL1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 71-83
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSC-banding patterns of the seven `Imperial' rye chromosomes and 11 derived rye telocentrics added to `Chinese Spring' were analyzed and compared with in situ hybridization (ISH) patterns using biotin labeled highly repetitive rye DNA sequences pSc119, pSc74, and total rye genomic DNA as probes. C-banding and ISH analyses allow the identification of all individual rye chromosomes and most chromosome arms with these probes. A C-banded karyotype of the added rye chromosomes was constructed and data on chromosome lengths, arm ratios, and fraction lengths of diagnostic C-bands are given following the nomenclature system recently recommended for wheat. Similar telomeric and interstitial localized ISH patterns were observed with pSc119, pSc74, and total rye genomic DNA probes. In addition, pSc119 and total rye genomic DNA labels rye chromatin over their entire lengths, also permitting the detection of unbanded euchromatic rye chromatin transfers in wheat. All localized ISH sites correspond to dark C-banded regions; however, not all C-bands show up as hybridization sites.
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Isolation and characterization of a new acetate-requiring mutant strain, ace-9, of Neurospora crassaSoegiarto SANTOSA, Homare KUWANA1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 85-95
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new acetate-requiring mutant strain of Neurospora crassa, ace-9, has been isolated. The mutant gene was mapped between nuc-2 and arg-12 on the right arm of the second linkage group. The ace-9 mutant strain shows very weak activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Three strain that show no activity of PDHC had already been found, i.e., ace-2, ace-3, and ace-4. Thus the ace-9 is the fourth gene that causes the deficiency in PDHC activity by a mutation. Deficiency of PDHC activity in ace-9 strain seems to be due to defective E1 component, because (1) the activity of E1 component enzyme is very weak in ace-9 mutant strain, and (2) normal PDHC activity was resumed when a preparation of ace-9 was mixed with E1-E2 fraction of wild type or with E1 component of wild type E. coli. Difference in thermostability of both E1 component enzyme and PDHC between ace-9 and the wild type strains supports this conclusion.
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Junpei ISHIGURO, Yukiko UHARA1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 97-109
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMutants supersensitive to the spindle poison, Isopropyl N-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (CIPC) of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe were isolated and characterized genetically. Fourteen different recessive loci were assigned for the mutation (donated as cps1 to cps14) and two, cps1 and cps3, were mapped precisely on the chromosomes. Nine mutant strains were also supersensitive to phenothiazine derivatives, inhibitors of calcium-binding protein calmodulin. Four of nine strains were incapable of growing in the presence of 10 μM. calcium ionophore A23187, at which the drug had no effect on cell growth in other strains. Fluorescence microscopy using the DAPI and Calcofluor staining methods showed two strains out of four to be defective in normal cell division; most stationary-phase cells of the cps6 mutant were seen to be bi- or tetra-nucleate, being partitioned with one or three septa, respectively. In the other mutant (cps8), enlarged cells were unequally partitioned with multisepta, and each compartment contained several daughter nuclei. The septa appeared aberrant in position within the cell, and situated diagonally but not vertically along the long cell axis.
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Tatsuya M. IKEDA, Toru TERACHI, Koichiro TSUNEWAKI1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 111-123
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo alloplasmic wheat lines having the same common wheat nucleus but the cytoplasms of Aegilops crassa and Ae. columnaris together with the corresponding normal line (control) were used in the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of soluble and thylakoid membrane proteins of the chloroplast. Three chloroplast polypeptides: the Rubisco large subunit, the β subunit of ATP synthase, and an unidentified 31 kDa protein, differed in the common wheat and two Aegilops cytoplasms. Three chloroplast genes, atpB, atpE and trnM, that respectively encode the β and ε subunits of ATP synthase and tRNAmet, were sequenced. The atpB gene differed by two synonymous base substitutions, whereas the other two genes were identical in the two Aegilops cytoplasms. From the predicted amino acid sequences, the β subunits of the ATP synthase in the Aegilops cytoplasms were assumed to have three amino acid substitutions: Ala by Val, Asp- by Ala, and Gin by Lys+, in contrast to the cytoplasm of common wheat. This accounts for the difference in pI values found for the common wheat and Aegilops cytoplasms. The two base substitutions for the atpE genes of common wheat and the Aegilops cytoplasms were synonymous. The differences detected in the genes encoding the two subunits of ATP synthase do not appear to be ascribable to the differences in phenotypic effects for the common wheat and Aegilops cytoplasms. The base substitution rate of the atpB-atpE-trnM gene cluster was similar to that of the rbcL gene. From the rate for the atpB gene alone, evolutionary divergence of the wheat-Aegilops complex is assumed to have begun ca. 3.0×106 years ago, as compared to ca. 8.0×106 years ago for the divergence of the wheat-Aegilops complex and barley.
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Akihiko KOGA, Ko HARADA, Shinichi KUSAKABE, Terumi MUKAI1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 125-132
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSignificant genetic variance in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenalse (GPDH) activity was observed between chromosome lines of Drosophila melanogaster that had each accumulated spontaneous mutations for approximately 300 generations. No restriction map variation was found in a 26-kb region surrounding the entire Gpdh gene. The restriction analysis used is capable of detecting insertions/deletions larger than 0.05 kb. The survey would also detect chromosomal recombinations that include the entire Gpdh coding region. Therefore, if the spontaneous mutations that affected the enzyme activity are located inside the Gpdh gene region, then they are base pair substitutions or structural changes that are smaller than the limit in resolution described above.
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Tohru SUZUKI, Chiharu NAKAMURA, Hikoichi SAKAGAMI, Naoki MORI, Ivan PA ...1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 133-145
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlloplasmic lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cultivars `Penjamo 62' and `Siete Cerros 66') with cytoplasms of two wheatgrass species (Agropyron glaucum and Ag. trichophorum) showed severe growth depression throughout their development and male sterility at maturity. Growth vigor of the alloplasmic lines was influenced more by cytoplasm donors than by nucleus donors, while male sterility was influenced more by nucleus donors. Short-arm telocentric, nucleolus-organizing chromosomes (telosomes) derived from Agropyron caused the restoration of growth vigor and male fertility of the alloplasmic lines in which cytoplasms and telosomes from the same Agropyron species were combined. The telosomes derived from Agropyron species different from the cytoplasm donors could also recover growth vigor and male fertility of the alloplasmic lines. The result indicates the presence of a common mechanism(s) which controls the nucleus-cytoplasmic incompatibility expressed in the alloplasmic lines with the two Agropyron cytoplasms. The Agropyron telosomes showed some dosage effects on growth vigor of the alloplasmic lines and affected fertility when added to the nuclear backgrounds of the two common wheat cultivars.
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Nobuhiko TSUTSUMI, Keiko KANAYAMA, Shigemitsu TANO1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 147-154
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been applied to regulate gene expression using cell-free media or animal cells. Here we demonstrate the specific inhibition of barley α-amylase gene expression by synthetic antisense ODNs. In a cell free system using wheat-germ extracts, 5 μM of a 20-mer antisense ODN prevented the synthesis of the polypeptide corresponding to the predetermined length of α-amylase translated in vitro, whereas there was no effect on other protein synthesis. Furthermore, in cultured aleurone cells, a-amylase activity was efficiently decreased by addition of ODNs. At the concentrations higher than 5 μM, antisense ODN inhibited α-amylase gene expression almost completely. These results imply that ODN could transport into the cultured aleurone cells crossing the cell membrane, and regulate specific gene expression. This simple model system could be applicable not only for the analysis of the α-amylase multigene family in barley but also for studying functions of cryptic genes in higher plant.
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Kayoko MOCHIZUKI, Masaaki UMEDA, Hisako OHTSUBO, Eiichi OHTSUBO1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 155-166
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have previously found that a short interspersed element (SINE), named p-SINE1, is present in the Waxy gene of Oryza sativa in two copies. Here, we cloned five members of p-SINE1 located at other loci in O. sativa and deter mined their nucleotide sequences. These sequences had a T-rich pyrimidine tract at their defined 3' end and were flanked by direct repeats of a sequence of mostly 14~15bp long like p-SINE1s in the Waxy gene. The consensus sequence derived from total seven members of p-SINE1 was 123 bp in length and had an internal promoter region for RNA polymerase III. The 5'-half region of the sequence was partially homologous to the tRNA-related block of rabbit C family, one of SINEs in the animal system. Two of the seven p-SINE1 members were not present in the corresponding loci in African rice, Oryza glaberrima, and may thus be available for classification of some rice strains. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the Waxy gene between O. sativa and O. glaberrima showed that base substitutions have frequently occurred in a p-SINE1 member (p-SINE1-r1) and a transposable element Tnr1 also present in the Waxy gene, suggesting that these elements, which appear as repetitive sequences in the rice chromosome, tend to acquire base substitutions at a higher frequency than do unique sequences.
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Shozo YOKOYAMA, Yoshinori MATSUO, Sumathi RAJASEKHARAN, Ruth YOKOYAMA1992 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 167-171
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2005
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure and nucleotide sequence of an ADH31 allele, which encodes the ADHγ1 subunit, have been determined. The intron positions of the ADH3 gene are identical to those of the other class I and class II ADH genes. The level of nucleotide variation at the ADH3 locus is somewhat higher than those at the ADH1 and ADH2 loci.
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